CN111470539A - 一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法。本方法通过油相法合成了表面带纹理的超薄二硫化钨纳米片,与其它制备片状二硫化钨方法相比,制备过程简单,重复性较好,形貌新颖;合成的二硫化钨对苄胺氧化偶联合成亚胺具有很好的催化作用,在60℃,无需额外光源和氧气,在室内光照下,空气氛围中,以乙腈为溶剂反应30 h后可得到高达97.91%的产率,98.61%的转化率以及99.29%的选择性,并且该催化反应具有优异的循环稳定性——循环五次之后仍然具有高达90%以上的产率,此外,对于苄胺同系物氧化偶联也表现出较高的催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备及催化合成领域,具体涉及油相法制备表面带有纹理的花瓣状二硫化钨纳米材料,该材料具有超薄的片层结构以及优异的催化苄胺氧化偶联合成亚胺的性能。
背景技术
亚胺作为许多反应中的关键中间体,在工业、农业、生物医药等领域有着广泛的应用,不仅可以用于合成相应的含氮有机化合物、药物、生化活性物质和天然产物,而且具有独特的抑菌、杀菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒的生物活性和良好的配位化学性能。
常用的几种合成亚胺的方法,如硝基化合物的氢化偶联反应(Chemistry 2009, 15,8196),胺与醇的氧化缩合反应(Organometallics 2012, 31, 451),但这些方法成本高,且制备工艺较为复杂,因而限制了其发展。苄胺的氧化偶联反应也是一种制备相应亚胺的有效方法,但是当前很多研究是采用贵金属如金(Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl.2019, 99, 191)、钯(Catal. Commun. 2011, 12, 1260)等作为催化剂,这些催化剂成本高限制从而限制了它们的发展。二硫化钨在近几年凭借着其独特的光、电性质,较贵金属相对低廉的成本,独特的物理化学性质,使其在光电催化领域得到广泛的研究。
当前对于二硫化钨纳米片的合成制备方法已有相关报道,例如申请号为CN201610698730.2的中国专利以硫代钨酸铵和锂盐化合物为原料采用固相反应加超声剥离制备出单层2H相二硫化钨;申请号为CN201710068917.9的中国专利以钨酸及硫脲作为原料,以胆酸钠作为表面活性剂,采用水热法制备了二硫化钨纳米片;申请号为CN201710105545.2的中国专利采用剥离法,将二硫化钨粉体溶于水和乙醇混合溶液中超声8 h再离心30 min得到单层或少层二硫化钨;申请号为CN201610918657.5的中国专利以硫代钨酸铵为原料,采用固相反应法在300-1000℃下反应10 h得到2H相块体二硫化钨,并结合超声剥离法得到单层二硫化钨。
本申请与上述合成方法均不同,采用油相法合成了表面带有纹理的超薄二硫化钨纳米片,其形貌新颖,并且,据我们调研了解,采用二硫化钨催化苄胺氧化偶联制备亚胺的专利目前还没有报道,通过此方法合成的二硫化钨可以高效催化苄胺氧化偶联,具有良好的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明为一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法,本方法通过油相法合成了表面带纹理的超薄二硫化钨纳米片,与其它制备片状二硫化钨方法相比,制备过程简单,重复性较好,形貌新颖,催化苄胺氧化偶联制备亚胺的性质优异,此外,对于苄胺同系物也表现出优异的催化性能。
一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法步骤如下:
称取一定量的钨源放入一定量的油酸中超声溶解10 min,直至溶液变成棕色,然后加入一定量油胺,用磁力搅拌直至溶液变成黄色,最后加入一定量的硫源,磁力搅拌得到橙色前驱体a溶液。在100 ml三口烧瓶中加入一定量的油胺,抽真空后;通氮气,在氮气氛围下开始升温,待温度升至135℃时抽真空脱气1 h,以除去低沸点物质,然后继续升温至300-320℃得到b溶液,此时将前驱体a溶液缓缓注入b液中,反应1 h,然后冷却至室温,用一定比例的氯仿和乙醇循环洗三次,倒掉上清液得到沉淀物,然后将沉淀放入60℃的真空烘箱里,放置12 h烘干后将其取出,得到最终产品。
所述的反应物钨源为六氯化钨;
所述的反应物硫源为硫粉;
所述的反应溶剂为油胺和油酸;
所述的反应容器为三口烧瓶及Schlenk管。
对二硫化钨纳米片的催化后上清液含量测试采用:气相色谱仪;
待催化反应结束后,通过离心分离催化剂和上清液,通过气相色谱测定上清液中亚胺的含量;
所述的气相色谱仪为日本岛津公司的GC-2010。
本发明有益效果在于:采用油相法合成制备出了一种表面带有纹理的超薄二硫化钨纳米片,得到的纳米片层结构具有较大的比表面积,较多的反应活性位点,这对催化苄胺氧化偶联制备亚胺有很大帮助。在60℃,无需额外光源和氧气,在室内光照下,空气氛围中,以乙腈为溶剂反应30 h后可得到高达97.91%的产率,98.61%的转化率以及99.29%的选择性,并且具有优异的循环稳定性——循环五次之后仍然具有高达90%以上的产率,此外,对于苄胺同系物WS2也表现出优异的催化性能。
附图说明:
图1为所得样品的X射线粉末衍射图(XRD);
图2为所得样品的透射电镜图(TEM);
图3a为所得样品中钨元素的X-射线光电子能谱图(XPS);
图3b为所得样品中硫元素的X-射线光电子能谱图;
图4a为所得样品的紫外可见吸收光谱图(UV-Vis);
图4b为所得样品的Tauc图;
图4c为所得样品光致发光激发光谱图(PLE);
图4d为所得样品的拉曼光谱图(Raman);
图5为所得样品作为催化剂循环5次之后的催化效果图;
表1为所得样品的对于苄胺及其同系物氧化偶联反应的催化效果汇总。
具体实施方式:
以下结合实施例对本发明做具体的说明:
实施例1:一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法:
首先称取0.1983 g的六氯化钨放入2 ml的油酸中超声溶解10 min,直至溶液变成棕色,然后加入10 ml油胺,用磁力搅拌直至溶液变成黄色,最后加入0.032 g的硫粉,磁力搅拌得到橙色前驱体a溶液。在100 ml三口烧瓶中加入40 ml油胺,并抽真空后在开始升温,于135℃下抽真空脱气1 h,以除去低沸点物质,然后继续升温至320℃得到b溶液,此时将前驱体a溶液缓缓注入b液中,反应1 h,然后冷却至室温,用一定比例的氯仿和乙醇循环洗三次,倒掉上清液得到沉淀物,然后将沉淀放入60℃的真空烘箱里,放置12 h烘干后将其取出,得到最终产品。
图1为实施例1中一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的XRD图,从图中可以看出此材料没有杂质峰出现,物相较纯,且衍射峰较宽,表明纳米尺寸较小。
图2为实施例1中一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的TEM图,从图中可以看出所得产物为纳米片状结构,其中图2b中的插图为荷花的照片,与合成的二硫化钨纳米片具有很高的相似度,图2c为二硫化钨单个纳米片,图2c中的插图为单个荷花花瓣的照片,从图中可以看出二硫化钨具有类似于花瓣表面的纹理,图2d为二硫化钨的高分辨图,从图中可以观察到晶格条纹间距为0.27 nm与(100)晶面对应,插图为选区电子衍射,图中可以明显的看到两个衍射环对应于(100)、(110)晶面。
图3a为实施例1中一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂中钨元素的XPS分析图谱,从中我们可以观测两个特征峰分别位于31.8 eV和34.0 eV附近,对应于二硫化钨中钨元素的4f7/2和4f5/2;
图3b为硫元素的XPS图谱,从中可以观测到两个特征峰分别位于161.5 eV和162.8 eV处出现两个特征峰,对应于硫元素的2p3/2和2p1/2。
图4a为实施例1中一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的紫外可见吸收光谱图,从图中可以看出在可见光范围内均有较宽的吸收峰;
图4b为由Tauc公式外推图,从中可以看出,带隙约为1.5 eV左右;
图4c为产物的光致发光激发光谱图,激发波长为260 nm,从中可以看出在405 nm处有最大发射峰;
图4d为产物的拉曼光谱图,在350 cm-1和417 cm-1处有两个峰,分别对应于2H相二硫化钨的E2g模式和A1g模式。
实施例2:实施例1中制备的催化剂WS2对苄胺氧化偶联的催化作用
对所制纳米材料的催化实验结束后的产物含量进行测量的方法:气相色谱分析。
具体操作步骤:以0.5 mmol苄胺及其同系物为底物,30 mg WS2为催化剂,0.5 ml乙腈为溶剂,在Schlenk瓶中进行催化。将反应液加热至60℃,边加热边磁搅拌,离心分离催化剂,取上清液,用气相色谱仪测定。
表1为实施例2中WS2对不同底物的催化效果数据。从表中可以看出所制备的材料对于苄胺及其同系物均表现出高效的催化性质,催化产率均超过92%以上。
图5为实施例2中WS2循环五次的催化效果图,从图中可以看出,实施例2中所制备的材料在循环催化五次之后仍然具有高达90%以上的产率,表明其具有优异的循环稳定性。
表1 二硫化钨对于苄胺及其同系物的催化产率汇总
Claims (2)
1.一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:称取0.16-0.20 g的六氯化钨放入一定量的油酸中超声溶解10 min,直至溶液变成棕色,然后加入一定量的油胺,用磁力搅拌直至溶液变成黄色,最后加入一定量的硫粉,磁力搅拌得到橙色前驱体a溶液;在100 ml三口烧瓶中加入一定量的油胺,抽真空后;通氮气,在氮气氛围下开始升温,待温度升至135℃时抽真空脱气1 h,以除去低沸点物质,然后继续升温至320℃得到b溶液,此时将前驱体a溶液缓缓注入b液中,反应1 h,然后冷却至室温,用一定比例的氯仿和乙醇循环洗三次,倒掉上清液得到沉淀物,然后将沉淀物放入60℃的真空烘箱里,放置12 h烘干后将其取出,得到最终产品。
2. 如权利要求1所述制备方法得到了一种高效催化苄胺氧化偶联催化剂,其催化苄胺氧化偶联性能如下:一定量的WS2作为催化剂,苄胺作为底物,在60℃,室内光照下,空气氛围中,以乙腈为溶剂反应30 h后可得到高达97.91%的产率,98.61%的转化率以及99.29%的选择性,并且具有优异的循环稳定性——循环五次之后仍然具有高达90%以上的产率,此外,对于苄胺同系物WS2也表现出优异的催化性能。
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