CN111466341A - Method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions - Google Patents
Method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN111466341A CN111466341A CN202010269001.1A CN202010269001A CN111466341A CN 111466341 A CN111466341 A CN 111466341A CN 202010269001 A CN202010269001 A CN 202010269001A CN 111466341 A CN111466341 A CN 111466341A
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Abstract
A method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold areas belongs to the field of bee breeding. The invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of breeding overwintering bees with the proper age, arranging an overwintering place, and carrying out heat preservation and cold protection operation on a beehive, wherein the time from the beginning of breeding the bees with the proper age to the end of the heat preservation operation in the first 9 to the middle 11 months; and (3) enemy prevention and control management and bee colony monitoring in the wintering period: and in the wintering period, from the end of the last heat preservation work to the end of 2 months in the next year, and in the later wintering period, from 3 months in the next year to the first ten days in 4 months, and the management of the pest control in the wintering period comprises rat pest control, bird pest control, nest pest control and shading. The method realizes the safe overwintering of the Chinese bees in cold areas, can realize the local overwintering and fixed-point bee raising of the bee colonies at the air temperature of minus 30 ℃ in winter in Changbai mountain areas, reduces the difficulty brought by flowing bee raising, has the survival rate of the overwintering bee colonies as high as more than 95 percent, and is low in raising cost, simple and easy to operate when the Chinese bees are raised by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bee breeding; in particular to a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in a living frame in cold regions.
Background
The breadth of our country is broad, and the temperature difference between south and north is large. In the north, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and the like, in 11 months, the winter is entered, and the frozen land is frozen in the cold; in south China, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan, etc., all flowers still bloom, without cold. Southern bee colony is the over-summer problem, while northern China, especially the three provinces of northeast China, inner Mongolia and Xinjiang are the over-winter problems of bee colony.
The overwintering period of Chinese bees in northern cold regions is as long as about 6 months. For a long time, indoor and cellar cellars are mostly adopted for overwintering of Chinese bees, the death rate of overwintering bees reaches 20-30% every year, the severe bee death rate is more than 50%, and effective breeding of Chinese bees in cold regions is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions comprises the following steps:
The invention relates to a method for breeding Chinese bees to live in a frame outdoors for overwintering in cold areas, which is characterized in that in step 1, basic splenic breeding is carried out in the early stage of the last bee source, eggs laid by queen bees are used as overwintering bees with the proper age, the total number of bees in a bee colony is not less than 10000, the overwintering bees with the proper age account for 80%, the overwintering bees are started in the middle ten days of 9 months, white sugar water is dissolved into the white sugar water according to the mass ratio of the white sugar to the water of 10:7 to feed the bee colony, and 5kg of honey is guaranteed to be stored for 6-7 frames of bees.
The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the foundation is added to build the spleen in the early stage of the last honey source, so that the queen bees are promoted to lay eggs, and the proliferation of overwintering young bees is accelerated; adding empty spleen to enlarge spawning circle; keeping the temperature to ensure the normal propagation of the bee colony; tightening the honeycomb, increasing the temperature of the honeycomb and enabling the young bees to be normally hatched; the bee quantity is dense, and the stealing of bees is prevented.
The method for living frame breeding of Chinese bees in cold regions for outdoor overwintering ensures strong colony vigor in the breeding process of overwintering bees of the proper age, more overwintering bees of the proper age, sufficient honey stored in overwintering honeybees, high-quality queen bees, redundant honeycombs, bee paths reduction and dense bee number.
The invention relates to a method for breeding Chinese bees to live in a living frame in a cold area for outdoor overwintering, which comprises the steps of 1, arranging an overwintering site, selecting a leeward sunny slope, building a selected site, closing a nest door after a bee colony is nested, moving a beehive open, digging a semi-enclosed pit at the position where the beehive is placed, moving the beehive back into the pit for stable placement, wherein the size of the beehive is 0.3m × 0.3.3 m × 0.3.3 m.
The outdoor overwintering method for live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in cold regions is characterized in that the pit size is 0.5m × 0.5.5 m × 0.4.4 m.
The invention relates to a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees raised in a living frame in a cold region, and in the step 1, the heat-preservation and cold-proof operation method of a beehive comprises the following steps:
step a, removing the super from the beehive in the pit and concentrating the bee colony in the last ten days of 9-10 last ten days of month;
step b, covering a newspaper paper layer on a covering cloth at the top of the beehive for heat preservation from 10 early ten days to 10 middle ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the newspaper paper layer is 1-2 sheets;
c, filling dry leaves in the empty part of the beehive from 10 middle ten days to 10 late ten days;
d, covering a saw dust layer on the newspaper paper layer from 10 late ten days to 11 early ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the dry saw dust is 0.01-0.03 m;
and e, carrying out the last heat preservation work of the beehive at the outdoor temperature of less than 6 ℃ from 11 late ten days to 11 middle ten days of the month.
The invention relates to a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees raised in a living frame in a cold area, wherein the last heat preservation work in the step e comprises the following steps:
e1, laying a plastic cloth with the specification of 2.0m × 0.9.9 m in a pit in the middle, laying prepared dry sawdust on the laid plastic cloth according to the size of 0.3m × 0.3m of the bottom of the beehive, wherein the thickness of the dry sawdust is 0.01-0.03m, and then stably placing the beehive on the sawdust;
e2, moving the door bolt of the beehive entrance to one side of the entrance, downwards arranging the concave iron sheet with the notch, fixing the concave iron sheet on the entrance by a picture nail, placing two wood blocks close to two sides of the entrance in parallel, stably placing the wood blocks on the wood blocks, and enabling the concave iron sheet notch to be a passage of the beehive;
e3, keeping the thickness of a baffle plate and the gap between the baffle plate and the beehive by two wooden rods with one pointed end, nailing the wooden rods into the soil, distributing the wooden rods on two sides of the hive door in parallel, and vertically placing the baffle plate on the wooden plate tightly attached to the right side of the wooden rods;
e4, filling dry leaves in the gap between the baffle and the beehive, wherein the gap between the beehive and the baffle is 0.05m, filling the dry leaves with the thickness of about 0.1m in the back, the side and the top of the beehive, wrapping the dry leaves with plastic cloth laid before, covering asbestos tiles, and finishing the last heat preservation.
The invention relates to a method for living-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions, which is characterized in that the size of a concave iron sheet is 0.07m × 0.03.03 m, the size of a groove is 0.05m × 0.008.008 m, the size of a wood block is 0.1m × 0.02m × 0.02.02 m, the size of a wood plate is 0.15m × 0.05.05 m × 0.01.01 m, the size of a wood stick is 0.5m × 0.025.0.025-0.03 m, the size of a baffle plate is 0.6m × 0.35.35 m × 0.02.02 m, and the size of an asbestos tile is 0.6m × 0.5.5 m.
The method for breeding Chinese bees to live in a living frame in a cold area for outdoor overwintering comprises the steps of carrying out pest control management in the overwintering period including rat damage control, bird damage control, nest insect control and shading, wherein the rat damage control method comprises the steps of arranging a rat clamp at the periphery of a beehive, the bird damage control method comprises the steps of tightly wrapping the periphery of the beehive, tightening a honeycomb for nest insect control, increasing the nest temperature and increasing the quantity of dense bees, and shading a paper plate is used for shading a nest door from light.
The invention relates to a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions, which comprises the following steps of:
step i, regularly using a plastic pipe with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 2cm as a stethoscope, placing one end of the stethoscope near a hive entrance, and listening to the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the hive to judge the bee colony condition;
step ii, after the snowfall, checking whether the hive entrance is closed by the snow, so that the bee colony is suffocated and dies;
step iii, in late 2 months of the next year, using a stethoscope to check the health condition of the bee colony in the late overwintering period;
and iv, checking whether the feed of the bee colony is sufficient or not in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, and supplementing the feed in time when the feed is insufficient.
The invention relates to a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions, in particular to a bee colony monitoring method in the overwintering period
The method comprises the steps of i, judging the bee colony condition by using the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the beehive and heard by a stethoscope, and judging the bee colony condition
The method comprises the following steps:
step i-1, sending out a slight buzzing sound when the ears on the lateral side of the nest door listen or sending out a buzzing sound when the box wall is tapped, and immediately standing down, wherein the normal condition is met;
step i-2, finding that worker bees pass in and out of the nest door and shake wings, the sound in the box is disordered to indicate that the worker bees lose the queen, opening the box to check at a sunny and warm noon, and inducing the worker bees to enter the reserved queen or join other groups;
step i-3, picking dead bees with broken heads and wings out of the nest, judging that the dead bees are mouse damage, repelling and killing the mouse damage, and searching for a mouse hole to block the dead bees;
step i-4, hearing the disturbance sound in the box, standing for a long time, dispersing the bee balls, indicating that the box is lack of honey, sticking the bee balls, and adding honey spleens;
step i-5, when water is deficient, the bee colony is uneasy, honey crystals are taken out from the nest door, and 0.2 wt% of salt solution is fed into the nest door.
The method for outdoor overwintering of the Chinese bees bred in the live frames in the cold regions ensures that the overwintering temperature of the Chinese bees is 2-8 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
The method for breeding the Chinese bees outdoors through the live frames in the cold region realizes the safe overwintering of the Chinese bees in the cold region, can realize the on-site overwintering and fixed-point bee breeding of the bee colony at the air temperature of minus 30 ℃ in winter in the Changbai mountain region, reduces the difficulty brought by the flowing bee breeding, has the survival rate of the overwintering bee colony of over 95 percent, and is low in breeding cost, simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a beehive of the present invention after a final incubation;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the beehive and its overall insulation structure of the present invention after the last insulation.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions comprises the following steps:
In the method for breeding overwintering bees in live frames in cold areas, the breeding method of overwintering bees in step 1 is to build a spleen in the early stage of the last bee source, eggs laid by queen bees are used as overwintering bees, the total number of bees in a bee colony is not less than 10000, the overwintering bees account for 80%, the overwintering bees are dissolved into white sugar water for feeding the bee colony in the middle ten 9 months according to the mass ratio of the white sugar to the water of 10:7, and 5kg of honey needs to be stored for 6-7 frames of bees.
According to the method for breeding Chinese bees to live in the live frame in the cold area for outdoor overwintering, the method for arranging the overwintering site in the step 1 is to select a leeward sunny hill, select a good building site, close a nest door after a bee colony is nested, move a beehive open, dig a semi-enclosed pit at the position where the beehive is placed, move the beehive back into the pit for stable placement, and the size of the beehive is 0.3m × 0.3.3 m × 0.3.3 m.
In the method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in the cold region, the pit size is 0.5m × 0.5.5 m × 0.4.4 m.
In the method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in cold regions, in step 1, the heat-preservation and cold-proof operation method of the beehive comprises the following steps:
step a, removing the super from the beehive in the pit and concentrating the bee colony in the last ten days of 9-10 last ten days of month;
step b, covering a newspaper paper layer 6 on a covering cloth 5 at the top of the beehive for heat preservation from 10 early ten days to 10 middle late days, wherein the thickness of the newspaper paper layer is 1-2 sheets;
c, filling dry leaves in the empty part of the beehive from 10 middle ten days to 10 late ten days;
d, covering a saw dust layer 7 on the newspaper paper layer from 10 late ten days to 11 early ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the dry saw dust is 0.03 m;
and e, carrying out the last heat preservation work of the beehive at the outdoor temperature of less than 6 ℃ from 11 late ten days to 11 middle ten days of the month.
In the method for living-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions, the upper part of the sawdust layer is covered with the beehive cover 8.
In the method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in cold regions according to the embodiment, the last heat preservation work in the step e comprises the following steps:
e1, laying plastic cloth 9 with the specification of 2.0m × 0.9.9 m in a pit, laying prepared dry sawdust on the laid plastic cloth according to the size of 0.3m × 0.3.3 m of the bottom of the beehive, wherein the thickness of the dry sawdust is 0.03m, and then stably laying the beehive on the sawdust;
e2, shifting the door bolt of the hive entrance to one side of the entrance, downwards arranging the concave iron sheet 3 with the notch, fixing the concave iron sheet on the entrance 2 by using the figure nail 4, placing the two wood blocks 10 close to two sides of the entrance in parallel, stably placing the wood blocks 11 on the wood blocks, and enabling the concave iron sheet notch to be a passage of the hive;
e3, keeping the thickness of a baffle plate and the gap between the baffle plate and the beehive on two wooden sticks 12 with one pointed end, nailing the wooden sticks into the soil, distributing the wooden sticks on two sides of the hive door in parallel, and then vertically placing the baffle plate 13 on the wooden board tightly clinging to the right side of the wooden stick;
e4, filling dry leaves in the gap between the baffle and the beehive, wherein the gap between the beehive and the baffle is 0.05m, filling the dry leaves with the thickness of about 0.1m in the back, the side and the top of the beehive, wrapping the dry leaves with plastic cloth laid before, covering asbestos tiles, and finishing the last heat preservation.
In the method for living-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions, the size of the concave iron sheet is 0.07m × 0.03.03 m, the size of the groove is 0.05m × 0.008.008 m, the size of the wood block is 0.1m × 0.02m × 0.02.02 m, the size of the wood plate is 0.15m × 0.05.05 m × 0.01.01 m, the size of the wood stick is 0.5m × 0.025.025-0.03 m, the size of the baffle plate is 0.6m × 0.35.35 m × 0.02.02 m, and the size of the asbestos shingle is 0.6m × 0.5.5 m.
In the method for breeding Chinese bees to live in a living frame in a cold area for outdoor overwintering, the management of enemy control in the overwintering period comprises rat damage control, bird damage control, nest insect control and shading, the rat damage control method is to arrange a rat clamp at the periphery of a beehive, the bird damage control method is to tightly wrap the periphery of the beehive, the nest insect control is to tighten a honeycomb, increase the nest temperature and increase the bee quantity, and the shading is to shade a nest door with a paper plate from light.
In the method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in a cold area, the method for monitoring the bee colony in the overwintering period comprises the following steps:
step i, regularly using a plastic pipe with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 2cm as a stethoscope, placing one end of the stethoscope near a hive entrance, and listening to the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the hive to judge the bee colony condition;
step ii, after the snowfall, checking whether the hive entrance is closed by the snow, so that the bee colony is suffocated and dies;
step iii, in late 2 months of the next year, using a stethoscope to check the health condition of the bee colony in the late overwintering period;
and iv, checking whether the feed of the bee colony is sufficient or not in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, and supplementing the feed in time when the feed is insufficient.
In the method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding of Chinese bees in a cold area according to the embodiment, in the method for monitoring bee colonies in the overwintering period, step i is to judge the bee colony condition by using the sound emitted by Chinese bees in a beehive heard by a stethoscope, and the judging method comprises the following steps:
step i-1, sending out a slight buzzing sound when the ears on the lateral side of the nest door listen or sending out a buzzing sound when the box wall is tapped, and immediately standing down, wherein the normal condition is met;
step i-2, finding that worker bees pass in and out of the nest door and shake wings, the sound in the box is disordered to indicate that the worker bees lose the queen, opening the box to check at a sunny and warm noon, and inducing the worker bees to enter the reserved queen or join other groups;
step i-3, picking dead bees with broken heads and wings out of the nest, judging that the dead bees are mouse damage, repelling and killing the mouse damage, and searching for a mouse hole to block the dead bees;
step i-4, hearing the disturbance sound in the box, standing for a long time, dispersing the bee balls, indicating that the box is lack of honey, sticking the bee balls, and adding honey spleens;
step i-5, when water is deficient, the bee colony is uneasy, honey crystals are taken out from the nest door, and 0.2 wt% of salt solution is fed into the nest door.
The method for outdoor overwintering of the Chinese bees fed in the live frames in the cold areas ensures that the overwintering temperature of the Chinese bees is 2-8 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
According to the method for living-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in the cold region, safe overwintering of the Chinese bees in the cold region is realized, local overwintering and fixed-point bee breeding of bee colonies can be realized at the air temperature of minus 30 ℃ in winter in Changbai mountain regions, the difficulty caused by flowing bee breeding is reduced, the survival rate of overwintering bee colonies is as high as more than 95%, and the overwintering method for breeding the Chinese bees is low in breeding cost, simple and easy to operate.
The second embodiment is as follows:
a method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions comprises the following steps:
The third concrete implementation mode:
according to the second specific embodiment, the method for breeding overwintering bees in the step 1 comprises the steps of adding a foundation to build a spleen in the early stage of the last bee source, using eggs laid by queen bees as overwintering bees, enabling the total number of the overwintering bees to be not less than 10000, enabling the overwintering bees to account for 80%, starting in the middle of 9 months, dissolving white sugar water into the white sugar water according to the mass ratio of the white sugar to the water of 10:7, and ensuring that 5kg of honey needs to be stored for 6-7 bees.
According to the method for living-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in the cold region, the basic spleen building is added in the early stage of the last honey source, so that the queen bees are promoted to lay eggs, and the proliferation of overwintering young bees is accelerated; adding empty spleen to enlarge spawning circle; keeping the temperature to ensure the normal propagation of the bee colony; tightening the honeycomb, increasing the temperature of the honeycomb and enabling the young bees to be normally hatched; the bee quantity is dense, and the stealing of bees is prevented.
According to the method for living frame breeding of Chinese bees to live through the winter in the cold region, the group vigor is guaranteed to be strong in the breeding process of overwintering bees of the proper age, the overwintering bees of the proper age are more, the overwintering honeybees are sufficient in honey storage, high-quality queen bees are obtained, redundant honeycombs are extracted, bee paths are reduced, and the number of the dense bees is reduced.
The fourth concrete implementation mode:
according to the second specific embodiment, the method for arranging the overwintering site in the step 1 includes selecting a leeward sunny hill, building a selected site, closing a nest door after a bee colony is nested, moving a beehive away, digging a semi-enclosed pit at the position where the beehive is placed, moving the beehive back to the pit, and stably placing the beehive, wherein the size of the beehive is 0.3m × 0.3.3 m × 0.3.3 m.
The fifth concrete implementation mode:
according to the fourth specific embodiment, the size of the pit is 0.5m × 0.5.5 m × 0.4.4 m.
The sixth specific implementation mode:
according to the second specific embodiment, the method for outdoor overwintering of the Chinese bees raised in the living frames in the cold area comprises the following steps:
step a, removing the super from the beehive in the pit and concentrating the bee colony in the last ten days of 9-10 last ten days of month;
step b, covering a newspaper paper layer on a covering cloth at the top of the beehive for heat preservation from 10 early ten days to 10 middle ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the newspaper paper layer is 1-2 sheets;
c, filling dry leaves in the empty part of the beehive from 10 middle ten days to 10 late ten days;
d, covering a saw dust layer on the newspaper paper layer from 10 late ten days to 11 early ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the dry saw dust is 0.01-0.03 m;
and e, carrying out the last heat preservation work of the beehive at the outdoor temperature of less than 6 ℃ from 11 late ten days to 11 middle ten days of the month.
The seventh embodiment:
according to the sixth specific embodiment, the method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees raised in live frames in cold regions comprises the step e
The last heat preservation work comprises the following steps:
e1, laying a plastic cloth with the specification of 2.0m × 0.9.9 m in a pit in the middle, laying prepared dry sawdust on the laid plastic cloth according to the size of 0.3m × 0.3m of the bottom of the beehive, wherein the thickness of the dry sawdust is 0.01-0.03m, and then stably placing the beehive on the sawdust;
e2, moving the door bolt of the beehive entrance to one side of the entrance, downwards arranging the concave iron sheet with the notch, fixing the concave iron sheet on the entrance by a picture nail, placing two wood blocks close to two sides of the entrance in parallel, stably placing the wood blocks on the wood blocks, and enabling the concave iron sheet notch to be a passage of the beehive;
e3, keeping the thickness of a baffle plate and the gap between the baffle plate and the beehive by two wooden rods with one pointed end, nailing the wooden rods into the soil, distributing the wooden rods on two sides of the hive door in parallel, and vertically placing the baffle plate on the wooden plate tightly attached to the right side of the wooden rods;
e4, filling dry leaves in the gap between the baffle and the beehive, wherein the gap between the beehive and the baffle is 0.05m, filling the dry leaves with the thickness of about 0.1m in the back, the side and the top of the beehive, wrapping the dry leaves with plastic cloth laid before, covering asbestos tiles, and finishing the last heat preservation.
The specific implementation mode is eight:
according to a seventh specific embodiment, the method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees raised in live frames in cold regions comprises the steps of making concave iron sheets 0.07m × 0.03.03 m, making grooves 0.05m × 0.008.008 m, making wood blocks 0.1m × 0.02m × 0.02.02 m, making wood blocks 0.15m × 0.05.05 m × 0.01.01 m, making wood sticks 0.5m × 0.025.83-0.03 m, making baffles 0.6m × 0.35.35 m × 0.02.02 m, and making asbestos tiles 0.6m × 0.5.5 m.
The specific implementation method nine:
according to the second specific embodiment, the management of enemy control in the wintering period comprises rat damage control, bird damage control, nest insect control and shading, the rat damage control method is that rat clips are arranged on the periphery of a beehive, the bird damage control method is that the periphery of the beehive is tightly wrapped, the nest insect control is that a honeycomb is compacted, the nest temperature is increased, the quantity of bees is increased, and a paper shading plate is used for shading the nest door from light.
The detailed implementation mode is ten:
according to the second specific embodiment, the method for outdoor overwintering of the Chinese bees raised in the living frames in the cold area comprises the following steps:
step i, regularly using a plastic pipe with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 2cm as a stethoscope, placing one end of the stethoscope near a hive entrance, and listening to the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the hive to judge the bee colony condition;
step ii, after the snowfall, checking whether the hive entrance is closed by the snow, so that the bee colony is suffocated and dies;
step iii, in late 2 months of the next year, using a stethoscope to check the health condition of the bee colony in the late overwintering period;
and iv, checking whether the feed of the bee colony is sufficient or not in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, and supplementing the feed in time when the feed is insufficient.
The concrete implementation mode eleven:
according to the specific embodiment, the method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions in winter period
The bee colony monitoring method comprises the step i of judging bee colony situation by using the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the beehive heard by a stethoscope
The judging method comprises the following steps:
step i-1, sending out a slight buzzing sound when the ears on the lateral side of the nest door listen or sending out a buzzing sound when the box wall is tapped, and immediately standing down, wherein the normal condition is met;
step i-2, finding that worker bees pass in and out of the nest door and shake wings, the sound in the box is disordered to indicate that the worker bees lose the queen, opening the box to check at a sunny and warm noon, and inducing the worker bees to enter the reserved queen or join other groups;
step i-3, picking dead bees with broken heads and wings out of the nest, judging that the dead bees are mouse damage, repelling and killing the mouse damage, and searching for a mouse hole to block the dead bees;
step i-4, hearing the disturbance sound in the box, standing for a long time, dispersing the bee balls, indicating that the box is lack of honey, sticking the bee balls, and adding honey spleens;
step i-5, when water is deficient, the bee colony is uneasy, honey crystals are taken out from the nest door, and 0.2 wt% of salt solution is fed into the nest door.
Claims (10)
1. A method for outdoor overwintering of Chinese bees bred in live frames in cold regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation before overwintering: the method comprises the steps of breeding overwintering bees with the proper age, arranging an overwintering place, and carrying out heat preservation and cold protection operation on a beehive, wherein the time from the beginning of breeding the bees with the proper age to the end of the heat preservation operation in the first 9 to the middle 11 months;
step 2, enemy prevention and control management and bee colony monitoring in the wintering period: the overwintering period is from the end of the last heat preservation work to the end of 2 months in the next year, and the overwintering period is from 3 months in the next year to 4 months.
2. The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the breeding method of overwintering queen bees comprises the steps of building a spleen at the early stage of the last honey source, taking eggs laid by queen bees as overwintering bees with the suitable age, dissolving white sugar water into the bees to feed the bees according to the mass ratio of the white sugar to the water of 10:7, wherein the total number of the bees in a swarm is not less than 10000, the overwintering queen bees account for 80%, and 5kg of honey needs to be stored in the middle ten 9 months.
3. The method for live-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the overwintering site arrangement method in step 1 is to select a leeward sunny hill, build a selected site, close a hive door after hive returning of bee colonies, remove a beehive, dig a half-surrounded pit at the position where the beehive is placed, remove the beehive back to the pit for stability, and the size of the beehive is 0.3m × 0.3.3 m × 0.3.3 m.
4. The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions according to claim 3, wherein the size of the pit is 0.5m × 0.5.5 m × 0.4.4 m.
5. The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the beehive heat preservation and cold prevention operation method in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step a, removing the super from the beehive in the pit and concentrating the bee colony in the last ten days of 9-10 last ten days of month;
step b, covering a newspaper paper layer on a covering cloth at the top of the beehive for heat preservation from 10 early ten days to 10 middle ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the newspaper paper layer is 1-2 sheets;
c, filling dry leaves in the empty part of the beehive from 10 middle ten days to 10 late ten days;
d, covering a saw dust layer on the newspaper paper layer from 10 late ten days to 11 early ten days of the month, wherein the thickness of the dry saw dust is 0.03 m;
and e, carrying out the last heat preservation work of the beehive at the outdoor temperature of less than 6 ℃ from 11 late ten days to 11 middle ten days of the month.
6. The method for live-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the last heat preservation work in the step e comprises the following steps:
e1, laying a plastic cloth with the specification of 2.0m × 0.9.9 m in a pit in the middle, laying prepared dry sawdust on the laid plastic cloth according to the size of 0.3m × 0.3m of the bottom of the beehive, wherein the thickness of the dry sawdust is 0.03m, and then stably placing the beehive on the sawdust;
e2, moving the door bolt of the beehive entrance to one side of the entrance, downwards arranging the concave iron sheet with the notch, fixing the concave iron sheet on the entrance by a picture nail, placing two wood blocks close to two sides of the entrance in parallel, stably placing the wood blocks on the wood blocks, and enabling the concave iron sheet notch to be a passage of the beehive;
e3, keeping the thickness of a baffle plate and the gap between the baffle plate and the beehive by two wooden rods with one pointed end, nailing the wooden rods into the soil, distributing the wooden rods on two sides of the hive door in parallel, and vertically placing the baffle plate on the wooden plate tightly attached to the right side of the wooden rods;
e4, filling dry leaves in the gap between the baffle and the beehive, wherein the gap between the beehive and the baffle is 0.05m, filling the dry leaves with the thickness of about 0.1m in the back, the side and the top of the beehive, wrapping the dry leaves with plastic cloth laid before, covering asbestos tiles, and finishing the last heat preservation.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the concave iron sheet has a size of 0.07m × 0.03.03 m, the groove has a size of 0.05m × 0.008.008 m, the wood block has a size of 0.1m × 0.02.02 m × 0.02.02 m, the wood plate has a size of 0.15m × 0.05.05 m × 0.01.01 m, the wood stick has a size of 0.5m × 0.025.025-0.03 m, the baffle has a size of 0.6m × 0.35.35 m × 0.02.02 m, and the asbestos shingle has a size of 0.6m × 0.5.5 m.
8. The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management of pest control in the wintering period comprises rat damage control, bird damage control, nest insect control and shading, the rat damage control method is to arrange a rat clamp at the periphery of the beehive, the bird damage control method is to tightly wrap the periphery of the beehive, the nest insect control is to tighten a nest spleen, increase the nest temperature and increase the quantity of dense bees, and the shading paper plate is used for shading the nest door from light.
9. The method for outdoor overwintering of live-frame breeding Chinese bees in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bee colony monitoring method in the wintering period comprises the following steps:
step i, regularly using a plastic pipe with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 2cm as a stethoscope, placing one end of the stethoscope near a hive entrance, and listening to the sound emitted by Chinese bees in the hive to judge the bee colony condition;
step ii, after the snowfall, checking whether the hive entrance is closed by the snow, so that the bee colony is suffocated and dies;
step iii, in late 2 months of the next year, using a stethoscope to check the health condition of the bee colony in the late overwintering period;
and iv, checking whether the feed of the bee colony is sufficient or not in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, and supplementing the feed in time when the feed is insufficient.
10. The method for live-frame breeding of Chinese bees for outdoor overwintering in cold regions according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the method for monitoring bee colonies in the wintering period, step i is to judge the bee colony condition by using the sound emitted by Chinese bees in a beehive heard by a stethoscope, and the judging method comprises the following steps:
step i-1, sending out a slight buzzing sound when the ears on the lateral side of the nest door listen or sending out a buzzing sound when the box wall is tapped, and immediately standing down, wherein the normal condition is met;
step i-2, finding that worker bees pass in and out of the nest door and shake wings, the sound in the box is disordered to indicate that the worker bees lose the queen, opening the box to check at a sunny and warm noon, and inducing the worker bees to enter the reserved queen or join other groups;
step i-3, picking dead bees with broken heads and wings out of the nest, judging that the dead bees are mouse damage, repelling and killing the mouse damage, and searching for a mouse hole to block the dead bees;
step i-4, hearing the disturbance sound in the box, standing for a long time, dispersing the bee balls, indicating that the box is lack of honey, sticking the bee balls, and adding honey spleens;
step i-5, when water is deficient, the bee colony is uneasy, honey crystals are taken out from the nest door, and 0.2 wt% of salt solution is fed into the nest door.
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| CN104145885A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-19 | 甘肃景卉蜂业有限责任公司 | Method for honeybees to overwinter in high latitude areas |
| CN108477079A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-04 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | A method of utilizing the double king's bee colony periodic stock overwintering feed of hive |
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| CN104145885A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-19 | 甘肃景卉蜂业有限责任公司 | Method for honeybees to overwinter in high latitude areas |
| CN108477079A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-04 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | A method of utilizing the double king's bee colony periodic stock overwintering feed of hive |
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