CN111455673A - 一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法 - Google Patents
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能纺织品领域,具体涉及一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法。采用采用喷涂的方式对大豆复合纤维织物进行碱液喷涂处理,并进一步利用阳离子柔软剂预整理,然后将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到功能性的复合整理剂,该整理剂中聚氨酯、硅酸钠赋予织物良好的耐温稳定性,纳米羽绒毛赋予大豆复合纤维织物良好的爽滑感,以克服由于表面整理聚氨酯、硅溶胶造成的手感下降;纤维素液赋予织物亲肤柔软透气性,手感细腻丝滑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能纺织品领域,涉及一种大豆复合纤维织物,具体涉及一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法。
背景技术
世界各国都把发展新材料作为发展经济、推动技术进步的重要方面,各种新型纺织纤维用于当今高技术领域的重要材料。全球新型纤维产品的市场规模超过千亿美元,已成为纺织行业的新型“战略支柱产业”之一。
技术和需求推进了人们对纺织品舒适性和功能化的要求,市面上出现了多种不同的机能性纤维,随着机能性纤维种类的不同,不同机能性纤维会具有诸如吸湿、保暖、抗菌、消臭等等不同的功能。特别是生物质来源的纤维由于亲肤性佳、透湿性等在高档服装中的得到了快速的应用。如蛋白纤维包括大豆蛋白纤维、酪蛋白纤维、玉米醇溶蛋白纤维等。因纤维具有良好的亲肤性在高档服装、针织衫、内衣等得到广泛应用。
大豆蛋白纤维属于再生植物蛋白纤维类,主要以食用级大豆蛋白粉为原料,利用生物工程技术,提取出蛋白粉中的球蛋白,通过添加功能性助剂,与腈基、羟基等高聚物接枝、共聚、共混,制成一定浓度的蛋白质纺丝液,改变蛋白质空间结构,经湿法纺丝而成。 其有着羊绒般的柔软手感,蚕丝般的柔和光泽,优于棉的保暖性和良好的亲肤性等优良性能,被誉为"新世纪的健康舒适纤维"和"肌肤喜欢的好面料"。如50%以上的大豆纤维与长绒棉混纺的高支纱,用于生产春、秋、冬季的薄型绒衫,其滑糯、轻盈、柔软,能保留精纺面料的光泽和细腻感,增加滑糯手感,也是生产轻薄柔软型高级西装和大衣的理想面料;用大豆纤维与真丝交织或与绢丝混纺制成的面料,既能保持丝绸亮泽、飘逸的特点,又能改善其悬垂性,消除产生汗渍及吸湿后贴肤的特点,是制作睡衣、衬衫、晚礼服等高档服装的理想面料。
但是,大豆纤维不适合水洗,而且耐热性较差,不可氯漂、不可熨烫。因此大豆纤维织物的使用造成不便。特别是温度超过80℃时会影响大豆纤维本身较好的柔软手感。另外,由于纺丝时复合了合成聚合物,虽纤维较细且滑顺,但在使用摩擦时易产生起毛现象。因此现有技术常基于上述问题对大豆纤维进行研究改进。
中国发明专利申请号201610540355.9公开了一种大豆纤维针织品的染整工艺,该大豆纤维针织品的染整工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)练漂;(2)染色;(3)后整理;所述步骤(1)练漂具体如下:a. 氧漂;b. 水洗;c. 还原漂;d. 水洗;e. 增白;f. 柔软处理;g. 脱水,开松,烘干。经过上述染整工艺,尤其该染整工艺中练漂,能够提高大豆纤维的白度,纤维的损伤较小,使得处理后的大豆纤维具有白度高、纤维损伤小、手感柔软、可纺性好等优点。
中国发明专利申请号200610033901.6公开了一种大豆蛋白纤维静电植绒面料,包括绒毛层、粘合层和底布层,所述的绒毛层为大豆蛋白纤维。同时公开了这种大豆蛋白纤维静电植绒面料的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:将大豆蛋白纤维经过切割,制成长度为0.5-1.5mm的大豆蛋白纤维静绒毛;先将植绒底布经过烫平整理,再涂粘合剂,粘合剂厚度为0.15-0.3mm;在静电植绒室内在高压静电场中使绒毛在静电场的作用下而整齐植入涂有粘合剂的底布表面;将制得的绒布,经过预烘2-3分钟,焙烘2-3分钟,使绒布与底布牢固复合,成为静电植绒布。
中国发明专利申请号200510122759.8公开了一种大豆纤维织物抗起毛起球整理的方法,该方法先对大豆纤维织物进行接枝改性,然后采用树脂整理剂进行整理。用于接枝改性的单体是二元醇的双丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酯,也可以是带有其它活性基团的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸单酯化合物;用于整理的整理剂为有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液或改性聚氨脂类整理剂。该方法可有效地提高大豆纤维织物的的抗起毛起球性能,并具有较好的耐洗性。它还针对大豆纤维织物反应性低、耐热性差的特点,整理的全过程在较低温度下进行,因此,不影响被处理织物的手感和风格、色泽和色牢度。
可见,现有技术通过对面料、工艺改进提高了大豆蛋白纤维的白度、柔软性、抗静电等性质,但大豆纤维仍然存在容易起毛、耐温性差的缺陷。也有现有技术通过对大豆纤维接枝改性提高抗起毛起球,但改性后的纤维依然存在耐热性差的特点,因此需要全过程在较低温度下进行,影响了制备效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,解决了现有技术中大豆纤维耐温性差,容易起毛的问题,处理后的热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料具有良好的耐温稳定性、爽滑感、亲肤柔软透气性,手感细腻丝滑。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,首先采用喷涂的方式对大豆复合纤维织物进行碱液喷涂,并进一步利用阳离子柔软剂预整理,然后将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到功能性的复合整理剂,最后烘干得到,具体方法如下:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置碱液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂,静置10-15min,用阳离子柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在50-60℃预烘15-25min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂;
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在70-80%,然后在60~80℃预烘1-3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
其中,步骤(1)采用碱液对复合大豆纤维织物预处理,有利于阳离子柔软剂与复合大豆纤维织物的结合。并采用高压喷涂机对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂碱液,高压喷涂机能够雾化碱液,使碱液更加均匀、细密的覆盖复合大豆纤维。不同于直接浸泡碱液,喷涂的方式能够使大豆复合纤维织物免受强碱的损伤。
然后用阳离子柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在50-60℃预烘15-25min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物。
步骤(1)将碱液处理后的复合大豆纤维织物用阳离子柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,阳离子型柔软剂容易吸附在纤维表面,结合能力较强,能耐高温、耐洗涤,且整理后织物丰满滑爽,能改善织物的耐磨性和撕破强力。优选的,步骤(1)中所述阳离子型柔软剂选用纺织领域常用的市售阳离子型柔软剂。
进一步的,阳离子型柔软剂为叔胺类柔软剂、季铵盐类柔软剂,咪唑啉季铵盐类柔软剂、双烷基二甲基季铵盐类柔软剂中至少一种。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述复合大豆纤维织物为聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。聚氨酯基赋予了大豆纤维更好地耐磨性,能够提高纤维织物的耐磨性能,防止织物起毛。
纤维的线密度影响织物的热性能,纤维线密度越低,热性能越好。但过低的线密度会降低织物的力学性能。优选的,步骤(1)中复合大豆纤维织物所用纤维选用线密度为7.0-8tex/72f的聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。
步骤(2)中聚氨酯可以提高整理织物的抗皱回复角、耐磨性能,并赋予织物优良的手感。优选的,所述聚氨酯为亚硫酸氢钠封闭的阴离子型水性聚氨酯。
步骤(2)中纳米羽绒毛能够赋予大豆复合纤维织物良好的爽滑感,以克服由于表面整理聚氨酯、硅溶胶造成的手感下降。优选的,所述纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛。
步骤(2)中的纤维素液赋予织物良好的亲肤性。优选的,所述纤维素液是浓度为10-12wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛、二甲基甲酰胺的配制重量份数为:聚氨酯25-35份、纤维素液40-60份、硅酸钠3-5份、纳米羽绒毛5-10份、二甲基甲酰胺199-120份。
本发明的有益效果是:针对大豆纤维耐温性差,容易起毛的问题,本发明通过对大豆复合纤维织物进行碱液喷涂后利用阳离子柔软剂预整理,然后在功能性的复合整理剂中进行再整理。与现有技术相比:该整理剂中聚氨酯、硅酸钠赋予织物良好的耐温稳定性;纳米羽绒毛赋予大豆复合纤维织物良好的爽滑感,以克服由于表面整理聚氨酯、硅溶胶造成的手感下降;纤维素液赋予织物亲肤柔软透气性,手感细腻丝滑。处理后的热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料具有良好的耐温稳定性、爽滑感、亲肤柔软透气性,手感细腻丝滑。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程简图。
图2为实施例1处理的面料在100℃玻璃板上搁置10min时的实物图。
图3为对比例1处理的面料在100℃玻璃板上搁置10min时的实物图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置饱和氢氧化钠液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂氢氧化钠液,静置13min,用季铵盐类柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在55℃预烘20min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;其中的复合大豆纤维为聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为30重量份、纤维素液为50重量份、硅酸钠为5重量份、纳米羽绒毛为6重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为100重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是浓度为10.5wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在72%,然后在65℃预烘3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
实施例2
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置饱和氢氧化钠液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂氢氧化钠液,静置15min,用叔胺类柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在60℃预烘15min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;其中的复合大豆纤维为聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为35重量份、纤维素液为44重量份、硅酸钠为4重量份、纳米羽绒毛为10重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为110重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是浓度为12wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在80%,然后在70℃预烘2min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
实施例3
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置饱和氢氧化钾液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂氢氧化钾液,静置10min,用咪唑啉季铵盐类柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在60℃预烘12min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;其中,复合大豆纤维织物是由线密度为7.0-8tex/72f的聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维纺织得到。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为25重量份、纤维素液为40重量份、硅酸钠为3重量份、纳米羽绒毛为5重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为95重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是浓度为10wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在80%,然后在90℃预烘3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
实施例4
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置饱和氢氧化钾液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂氢氧化钾液,静置10min,用咪唑啉季铵盐类柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在60℃预烘12min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;其中,复合大豆纤维织物是由线密度为7.0-8tex/72f的聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维纺织得到。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为25重量份、纤维素液为40重量份、硅酸钠为3重量份、纳米羽绒毛为5重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为120重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是质量浓度为3%的羟甲基纤维素液。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在80%,然后在90℃预烘3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
实施例5
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)将氢氧化钠液加热至65℃,将复合大豆纤维织物搁置在氢氧化钠气氛中熏蒸5min,然后用阳离子柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在55℃预烘12min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为25重量份、纤维素液为40重量份、硅酸钠为3重量份、纳米羽绒毛为5重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为100重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是浓度为10wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在80%,然后在90℃预烘3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
实施例6
一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,具体方法如下:
(1)配置饱和氢氧化钠液,并将氢氧化钠液加热至45℃,在高压喷涂机中放置加热后的饱和氢氧化钠液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂氢氧化钠液。加热促进了碱液对复合大豆纤维织物的表面改性,降低了静置的时间。用季铵盐类柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在50℃预烘15min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;其中的复合大豆纤维为聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂,其中,聚氨酯为30重量份、纤维素液为50重量份、硅酸钠为5重量份、纳米羽绒毛为6重量份、二甲基甲酰胺为110重量份;聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯,纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛,纤维素液是浓度为12wt%,纤维素液的溶剂是溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在72%,然后在65℃预烘3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
对比例1
没有采用复合整理剂对预处理复合大豆纤维织物进行整理,其余与实施例1一致。
将实施例1、对比例1制备得到的大豆复合纤维织物分别裁剪成尺寸100×500mm的试样,平铺放置在预热并稳定为100℃的玻璃板上,观察织物的变化情况,记录10min时试样的实物俯拍图。
对比例1由于没有采用复合整理剂对预处理复合大豆纤维织物进行整理,热稳定性差,从4min时逐渐翘曲、变形,10min时试样的平整度明显下降,发生严重的变形,如附图3所示;而实施例1的织物由于表面整理有聚氨酯、硅酸钠,耐温性良好,在100℃玻璃板上搁置10min时仍然没有翘曲形变现象,如附图2所示。
对比例2
在复合整理剂中没有加入纳米羽绒毛,其余与实施例2一致。
通过纺织物的摩擦系数来表征爽滑性,摩擦系数越小爽滑性越好。参考GB/T10006摩擦系数测定方法,采用MXD-01摩擦系数测试仪,将实施例2、对比例2制备得到的大豆复合纤维织物分别裁切成尺寸50×500mm的样品进行检测,测试环境温度为21±3℃,相对湿度为60±5%。将试样固定在平台,滑块质量为500g,试验速度为100 mm/min,在拉力下使表面相对匀速移动,记录所需的力。用所测试力除以滑块的重力即为摩擦系数值。测试结果如表1所示:
表1:
测试对象 | 摩擦系数 |
实施例2 | 0.026 |
对比例2 | 0.07 |
对比例2与实施例2相比,对比例1的原料中缺少纳米羽绒毛,加之聚氨酯、硅溶胶的加入造成了手感下降,使得整理后的织物爽滑感降低,影响织物丝滑感。而实施例2的原料中加入了10重量份纳米羽绒毛,克服了聚氨酯、硅溶胶加入造成的粗糙感。
通过上述对比测试分析,本发明处理后的大豆复合纤维织物具有良好的耐温稳定性、爽滑感,复合预期效果。
Claims (9)
1.一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在高压喷涂机中放置碱液,对复合大豆纤维织物均匀喷涂,静置10-15min,用阳离子柔软整理剂进行二浸二扎,然后在50-60℃预烘15-25min,得到预处理复合大豆纤维织物;
(2)将聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛加入二甲基甲酰胺分散均匀得到复合整理剂;
(3)将预处理复合大豆纤维织物浸复合整理剂,经二浸二扎,扎液率控制在70-80%,然后在60~80℃预烘1-3min,进一步在90℃焙烘干,洗涤后再烘干,得到热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述碱液为饱和氢氧化钠溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述阳离子型柔软剂为叔胺类柔软剂、季铵盐类柔软剂,咪唑啉季铵盐类柔软剂、双烷基二甲基季铵盐类柔软剂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述复合大豆纤维为聚氨酯基复合大豆纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述聚氨酯为水性聚氨酯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述聚氨酯为亚硫酸氢钠封闭的阴离子型水性聚氨酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述纳米羽绒毛为经砂磨机研磨得到的纳米级别的绒毛。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述纤维素液浓度为10-12wt%,纤维素液的溶剂为质量浓度为85%的NMMO。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种热稳定性大豆复合纤维服装面料的改性方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述聚氨酯、纤维素液、硅酸钠、纳米羽绒毛、二甲基甲酰胺的配制重量份数为:聚氨酯25-35份、纤维素液40-60份、硅酸钠3-5份、纳米羽绒毛5-10份、二甲基甲酰胺100-120份。
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