CN111432769A - 复合层合物体和一次性尿布 - Google Patents
复合层合物体和一次性尿布 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111432769A CN111432769A CN201880078209.6A CN201880078209A CN111432769A CN 111432769 A CN111432769 A CN 111432769A CN 201880078209 A CN201880078209 A CN 201880078209A CN 111432769 A CN111432769 A CN 111432769A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composite laminated
- elastic
- laminated object
- composite
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种具有改良的外观美观性和功能性的用于一次性尿布和卫生产品的复合层合物,其提供尤其低的卸除力的伸长依赖性和柔软触感。所述复合层合物体具有插入两个织物薄片之间的沿一个方向平行安置的多个弹性纤维;和粘合所述弹性纤维和所述两个织物薄片的树脂,其以沿一个与所述弹性纤维交叉的方向平行安置的多个股线提供;其中所述两个织物薄片和所述弹性纤维分隔于沿所述弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的树脂股线和弹性纤维发生交叉的各位置之间。
Description
本发明涉及一种复合层合物体和使用所述复合层合物体的一次性尿布,且更具体地说,涉及一种可以适当地用于诸如以下的应用的具有弹性的复合层合物体:接触皮肤的服饰,具体地说内衣和运动衣,以及卫生材料,如儿童和成人用一次性尿布和月经产品,其中复合层合物体由于使所用织物和弹性纤维的形状达最优选而具有美丽外观和极佳打褶部分的褶皱均匀性,且其中伸长负载释放时的回复应力(在下文中也称为卸除力)具有低伸长依赖性,且其具有作为穿戴时特征的柔软触感,且具有宽尺寸调适范围,本发明还涉及一种使用这种复合层合物体的一次性尿布。
背景技术
常规地,已使用具有可伸展性的材料以增强接触这一皮肤的应用中的穿戴触感和穿戴稳定性,诸如卫生材料,如一次性尿布等。举例来说,使用层合非编织材料之间插入有弹性纤维的复合层合物体以增强与腿周围、腰周围和腹部周围等的身体的贴合,且防止尿液漏泄。
这些具有可伸展性的复合层合物体通常通过拉伸多个弹性纤维到预定牵伸比,且接着在这种情况下使用多个薄片状织物(诸如非编织材料等)层压产生,且复合层合物体的配置通常在诸如非编织材料或其类似物的薄片状织物中具有沿平行于弹性纤维的方向延伸的热熔树脂,且具有这种配置的复合层合物体通常用于一次性尿布中且通常形成打褶部件(例如参见专利文献1)。
此外,当构造打褶部件时,将多个弹性可拉伸部件(弹性纤维)安置于诸如非编织材料或其类似物的薄片状织物之间,使热熔合纤维沿与弹性可拉伸部件交叉的方向延伸,通过将热熔合纤维热熔合而将弹性可拉伸部件紧固于薄片状织物之间以形成打褶部件(例如参见专利文献2)。此外,另一已知打褶部件通过使用在预定范围以预定图案涂覆的称为设计涂布的涂覆方法沿与弹性可拉伸部件交叉的方向以条纹状图案涂覆热熔粘着剂而非热熔合树脂制得,且通过热熔粘着剂将弹性可拉伸部件沿纵向方向间断紧固到织物(例如参见专利文献3)。此外,也已知使用具备具有突起和凹陷的板的设计辊的设计涂布涂覆系统和涂布方法(例如参见专利文献4)。
在复合层合物体的情况下,且尤其沿平行于弹性纤维的方向安置和延伸的具有粘着树脂(尤其热熔粘着剂)的复合层合物体的情况下,大体上将热熔粘着剂涂覆到弹性纤维的整个区域且两侧粘结到由非编织材料制成的织物,因此当拉伸复合层合物体时,弹性纤维必拉伸织物和热熔粘着剂,且因此尤其当释放拉伸负载时回复特性受损害成为一种问题。因此,由复合层合物形成的打褶部分的尺寸调适范围窄,且例如必需建立多个尺寸的产品,诸如一次性尿布。建立这类多个尺寸是制造商的主要负担。减少尺寸的数量可能损害穿戴产品时的触感,诸如穿用时的柔软感觉。
此外,一般需要具有褶皱的打褶部分的弹性复合层合物体具有均匀褶皱且具有美丽外观和所需打褶部分性能。当将如上文所述的复合层合物体用作一次性尿布或其类似物时,难以在穿戴时满足所要的美丽外观特征与所要的极佳的触感特征。
专利文献1:日本未审查专利申请第2005-320636
专利文献2:日本未审查专利申请案2013-202056
专利文献3:日本专利申请公开案2017-185336
专利文献4:日本未审查专利申请案2014-076077
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种复合层合物体,其可以提供服饰和高端一次性尿布产品所要的打褶部分的外观美观性与功能性,且尤其具有适用于一次性尿布或其类似物的具体性能,尤其卸除力的低拉伸依赖性,且当穿戴时具有典型柔软触感,且具有宽尺寸调适范围,且提供使用这种复合层合物体的一次性尿布。
为了实现前述目的,本发明的复合层合物体是一种复合层合物体,其含有:插入两个织物薄片之间的沿一个方向平行安置的多个弹性纤维;和粘合弹性纤维和两个织物薄片的树脂,其以沿一个与弹性纤维交叉的方向平行安置的多个股线提供;其中两个织物薄片和弹性纤维分隔于沿弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的树脂股线和弹性纤维发生交叉的各位置之间;弹性纤维的精细度相对于构成织物的纤维的精细度的比率是0.5或更高和300或更低;且当执行两个循环的130%伸长率和回复时,满足以下式1,其中(A)是第二循环中30%伸长率下的回复应力,且(B)是第二循环中100%伸长率下的回复应力。
[式1] (A)/(B)×100%≧50%
如上文所述的根据本发明的复合层合物体具有一种配置,其中弹性纤维借助于树脂以所需间断形式沿弹性纤维的纵向方向两侧粘结到织物,所述树脂通过所谓的设计涂布或其类似方法以高精度仅按所要量以预定方向涂覆于复合层合物体的预定区域中,且两个织物和弹性纤维分隔于沿弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的树脂股线和弹性纤维发生交叉的各位置之间的结构具有高规则性且提供高水平可伸展性,且因此获得可提供具有穿戴时提供极佳贴合和极佳触感的平滑、规则且均匀褶皱的打褶部分的复合层合物体。此外,为了增强具有这种类型的打褶部分的复合层合物体的外观美观性,具体地说,为了获得弹性纤维的存在注意不到的外观,本发明具有弹性纤维的精细度与构成织物的纤维的精细度的比率是0.5或更高和300或更低的配置。此外,本发明具有复合层合物体满足前述式1的配置。这一配置展现伸长负载释放时的回复应力(或换句话说,卸除力)的低伸长依赖性,且由此可提供产品,诸如使用在穿戴时具有典型柔软触感且具有宽尺寸调适范围的这种复合层合物体的一次性尿布。因此,在使用这类型的复合层合物体的产品中,通过使如上文所述使用的织物和弹性纤维的形式达到最优选,实现打褶部分中褶皱具有极佳均匀性的美丽外观,且实现极佳穿戴触感和宽尺寸调适范围。
当复合层合物体的第一循环伸长期间的前向应力是1000cN/5cm宽时,根据本发明的复合层合物体优选具有150%或更高的伸长率。换句话说,当将复合层合物体用于诸如一次性尿布或其类似物的产品时,伸长可无任何问题地实现,至少高于某一伸长率水平(尤其150%或更高),但当伸长以用于穿戴时,优选具有前述特征以实现完美穿戴触感,尤其完美收紧力)。
此外,在根据本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,如果弹性纤维过厚,那么当用于复合层合物体中时,弹性纤维容易从外观上注意到,且有可能损害外观美观性,但如果弹性纤维的精细度是350dtex(分特)或更低,那么可以明显展示本发明的外观美观性改良作用,且增强打褶部分中褶皱的均匀性。因此,当需要进一步增强本发明的效果时,弹性纤维的精细度优选是350分特或更小。
此外,为了进一步增加具有打褶部分的复合层合物的商业价值,关于视觉外观,根据本发明的复合层合物体优选满足复合层合物体中的弹性纤维不可见,或弹性纤维的存在不可确定,或弹性纤维极难以看见,或弹性纤维的存在极难以确定的要求。为了满足这些要求,本发明的复合层合物体具有一种配置,其中弹性纤维的精细度与构成前述织物的纤维的精细度的比率是0.5或更高和300或更低,且当复合层合物体处于沿弹性纤维延伸的方向拉伸到最大的情况下且织物外表面的颜色使用光谱色度计沿与弹性纤维正交的方向从复合层合物体外部来测量时,在下式中,使用L*值是最大时的L*值、a*值、b*值(L*1、a*1、b*1),和L*值是最小时的L*值、a*值、b*值,L*2、a*2、b*2),通过ΔE*v定义的色差变化是1.0或更低。
ΔE*v=√[(L*1-L*2)2+(a*1-a*2)2+(b*1-b*2)2]
在将复合层合物体沿弹性纤维延伸的方向拉伸到最大的情况下,当使用光谱色度计沿与弹性纤维交叉方向从复合层合物体外部来测量织物的外表面的颜色时,这一色差变化ΔE*v表示为使用上式得到的比色方向上的颜色变化程度。如果织物和弹性纤维具有相同颜色,那么色差变化ΔE*v尤其取决于指示亮度的L*值的改变程度,由此使其难以看到弹性纤维的弹性,且由此控制确定其存在是容易或困难。随着色差变化ΔE*v增加,与弹性纤维交叉的区域的色差改变变大,且因此从外观上,弹性纤维不容易看到,且弹性纤维的存在不容易确定。如果色差变化ΔE*v是1.0或更小,那么弹性纤维难以看到,或弹性纤维的存在不能够确定,或弹性纤维极难以看到或其存在极难以确定,且因此满足所要特性。因此,获得一种复合层合物体,其具有所需可伸展性性能,且具有良好规则性与穿戴时的极佳贴合度和平滑的皮肤触感的褶皱,且尤其自外部观察时弹性纤维的存在尤其不明显,且均匀的外观在美观性上极佳。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,沿一个方向延伸的树脂与弹性纤维发生交叉的位置的复合层合物体的厚度优选是0.1mm或更大和5.0mm或更小,且更优选0.1mm或更大和2.0mm或更小。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉且沿弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的各位置之间的复合层合物体厚度的最大值优选是1mm或更大和20mm或更小。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,在将复合层合物体沿弹性纤维的延伸方向拉伸到最大的情况下,沿一个方向延伸的一股树脂的宽度是0.2mm或更大和10mm或更小。这一优选驻留宽度可以使用设计涂布机精确调节。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,在将复合层合物体沿弹性纤维的延伸方向拉伸到最大的情况下,沿一个方向延伸之间隔是1mm或更大和20mm或更小。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体中,弹性纤维的热软化点优选是100℃或更大和240℃或更小。因此,可以容易进行与经设计涂布的树脂的粘合。
此外,在本发明的复合层合物体的情况下,沿一个方向与弹性纤维发生交叉的多个树脂股线优选包括与织物和/或弹性纤维的构成组分相同的组分。因此,可以简化与经设计涂布的树脂的粘合。
本发明提供一种使用如上文所述的根据本发明的复合层合物体的产品,且尤其使用如上文所述的根据本发明的复合层合物体作为打褶部分的一次性尿布。
以这种方式,根据本发明的复合层合物体可以提供一种复合层合物体,其具有服饰和高端一次性尿布产品所要的打褶部分的外观美观性与功能性,且尤其具有适用于一次性尿布或其类似物的具体性能,尤其卸除力的低拉伸依赖性,且穿戴时具有典型柔软触感,且具有宽尺寸调适范围,且可以提供使用这种复合层合物体的一次性尿布。
附图说明
图1是获自基本上平面方向的根据本发明的复合层合物体的测试件的实例的外观照片。
图2是获自基本上截面方向的图1的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片,其中A表示弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的位置的厚度,且B指示弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的各位置之间的最大厚度值的测量位置。
图3是获自基本上平面方向的图1的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片,展示将弹性纤维沿延伸方向人工伸长时部分伸长的状态。
图4是获自基本上平面方向的图3的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片,展示沿相同方向的最大延伸的状态。
图5(A)到(D)是说明根据本发明的复合层合物体的测量样品的取样方法的示意性平面视图。
图6是使用根据本发明的复合层合物体的一次性尿布的原型的示意性正视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的优选实施例在下文使用图1详细描述。
首先,将描述通过本发明获得的复合层合物体的形式。图1展示获自基本上平面方向的由本发明制造的复合层合物体的测试件的代表性实例的外观照片的实例。图2展示获自基本上横截面方向的图1的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片的实例,其中图式中的A表示弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的位置的厚度,且B指示弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的各位置之间的最大厚度值的测量位置。图3展示获自基本上平面方向的图1的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片的实例,展示将弹性纤维沿延伸方向人工伸长时部分伸长的状态。图4展示获自基本上平面方向的图3的复合层合物体的测试件的外观照片的实例,展示沿相同方向的最大延伸的状态。
在本发明的复合层合物体中,多个由例如聚氨酯弹性细线制成的弹性纤维沿一个方向平行安置于两个织物之间。弹性纤维以直线或曲线或其组合形式安置,且包夹于织物之间。
在本发明的复合层合物体中,多个树脂股线沿与弹性纤维交叉的方向安置,且沿一个方向延伸。换句话说,树脂股线沿与插入弹性纤维的方向交叉的方向安置。树脂是连接两个织物薄片和弹性纤维的树脂,其可以是通过所谓的设计编码或其类似方法以高精度仅按所要量沿预定方向涂覆于预定区域中的粘合用树脂,或可以是使用超声波或加热由织物本身或弹性纤维本身(尤其织物本身)而产生粘合的树脂。2个织物和弹性纤维彼此间隔于沿弹性纤维的纵向方向彼此相邻的弹性纤维和树脂发生交叉的各位置之间。在上文中,沿一个方向延伸意指树脂股线是线性的且整体沿一个方向安置。线性形式可以是直线形状或曲线形状或其组合。整体沿一个方向安置意指经安置以使得线性形式落入宽度10mm的平行线范围内,且一个方向的方向是沿虚拟平行线的方向。尽管弹性纤维和沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的角度不受具体限制,但其优选在90±20°范围内,更优选在90±10°范围内,且甚至更优选在90±5°范围内。
在本发明的新颖复合层合物体中,各织物和弹性纤维彼此间隔于弹性纤维和沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉且沿弹性纤维的纵向方向彼此相邻的各位置之间。
弹性纤维与沿一个方向延伸的树脂发生交叉的各位置之间的厚度优选是0.1mm或更大和2.0mm或更小,更优选是0.2mm或更大和2.0mm或更小。如果厚度小于0.1mm,那么视觉上即可辨别复合层合物体中弹性纤维的存在,且当复合层合物体伸长时,弹性纤维的存在可以更容易辨别,因此复合层合物体的外观美观性可以是较差的。如果厚度大于2.0mm,那么形成的褶皱可能容易翘曲,且平滑且穿戴时提供贴合感觉的具有良好规则性的褶皱的感觉不令人满意。
此外,沿弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的各位置之间的厚度的最大值优选是1mm或更大和20mm或更小,更优选是2mm或更大和10mm或更小。如果厚度小于1mm,那么视觉上即可清楚辨别伸长的复合层合物体中弹性纤维的存在,且当复合层合物体伸长时,弹性纤维的存在可以更容易辨别,因此复合层合物体的外观美观性可以是较差的。如果厚度大于20mm,那么形成的褶皱可能容易翘曲,且平滑且穿戴时提供贴合感觉的具有良好规则性的褶皱的感觉不令人满意。
沿一个方向延伸的树脂的宽度在延伸到最大时优选是0.2mm或更大和10mm或更小,更优选是0.4mm或更大和6mm或更小。如果树脂的宽度小于0.2mm,那么复合层合物体中的弹性纤维容易移动,且如果反复进行拉伸,那么褶皱的均匀性劣化,相邻弹性纤维变得更近,视觉上即可辨别其存在,且因此复合层合物体的外观美观性可以是较差的。如果树脂的宽度超过10mm,那么当在透射光下观察复合层合物体时,弹性纤维的存在可以容易以条纹或条带形式注意到。此外,复合层合物体的伸长率可能降低且替换尺寸可能增加,或平滑化且穿戴时贴合的具有良好均匀性的褶皱的感觉不令人满意。
此外,沿一个方向延伸的各树脂股线之间的间隔当延伸到复合层合物体的最大值时优选是1mm或更大和20mm或更小,更优选是2mm或更大和15mm或更小。沿一个方向延伸的各树脂股线之间的间隔是指沿一个方向延伸的各树脂股线的中心之间的距离。如果这一间隔小于1mm,那么视觉上即可清楚地辨别复合层合物体中弹性纤维的存在,且将复合层合物体拉伸,存在甚至更明显,且因此复合层合物体的外观美观性可以是较差的。如果厚度大于20mm,那么形成的褶皱可能容易翘曲,且平滑且穿戴时提供贴合感觉的具有良好规则性的褶皱的感觉不令人满意。
用于本发明的复合层合物体中的织物优选是编织品、针织品或非编织品,但非编织品尤其优选,且非编织材料可以通过湿式非编织材料制造方法(诸如纸张制造方法或其类似方法)或通过干式非编织材料制造方法(诸如树脂粘合方法、热粘合方法、针穿法、纺粘法、水刺法(spun lace method)、熔喷法或瞬纺法)获得。非编织品的基重优选是10到20g/m2或更小,且更优选12到18g/m2。
构成织品的纤维的材料不受具体限制,但优选使用合成纤维,诸如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、各种α-烯烃(诸如丙烯和乙烯)的共聚物和聚氨酯;再生纤维,诸如人造丝和乙酸酯纤维或其类似物;半合成纤维;或天然纤维,诸如羊毛、棉花等。
构成织物的纤维的形式可以是长纤维长丝或短纤维纺纱,且可以容易地选自两种或更多种类型的纤维的掺合物、混合纤维、卷曲纤维或复合纤维或其类似物。
在本发明的复合层合物体中,至少一部分使用弹性纤维。
本发明中所用的弹性纤维可以是聚氨酯弹性纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维、聚酰胺弹性纤维、由天然橡胶、合成橡胶、半合成橡胶构成的呈细线形式的所谓的橡胶细线、或通过混合呈纤维形式的弹性体膜获得的纤维、主要由这些纤维构成的通过与另一有机合成树脂体复合或混合获得的纤维、卷曲纤维或其类似物,此外,出于充分展示复合层合物体的拉伸性的观点,最优选是聚氨酯型弹性纤维(通常是如上文所述的聚氨酯弹性纱线)。
本发明的复合层合物体中所用的弹性纤维可以是裸纱线,或可以用其它弹性纤维或非弹性纤维涂布(覆盖)。出于复合层合物体的拉伸性的观点,裸纱线最优选。
应注意,聚氨酯弹性纤维优选由作为软链段的长链二醇(诸如共聚酯二醇)、作为硬链段的二异氰酸酯(诸如二苯基甲烷-4,4二异氰酸酯)和作为增链剂的双官能氢化合物构成,或聚醚弹性纤维主要由作为软链段的聚四亚甲基醚乙二醇(在下文中缩写为PTMG)、作为硬链段的MDI和作为增链剂的低分子量双官能氢化合物构成。
此外,聚醚酯弹性纤维优选是具有作为软链段的PTMG和作为主要组分的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯或聚间苯二甲酸丁二酯。
在本发明的情况下,出于为最终产物提供所需拉伸性的观点,优选使用如上文所述的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
用于可用于本发明的聚氨酯弹性纤维中的聚氨酯聚合物优选含有主要含有长链聚醚链段、聚酯链段或聚醚酯链段或其类似物的软链段、和主要含有异氰酸酯的硬链段、和作为增链剂的二胺或二醇。
构成聚氨酯聚合物的软链段的原材料可以是:1)获自以下的聚合物或共聚物:四氢呋喃(在下文中缩写为THF)、亚丁二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基四氢呋喃(在下文中缩写为3MeTHF)或其类似物,2)获自以下的聚酯链段:二醇,诸如乙二醇、亚丁二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇,和二元酸,诸如己二酸、丁二酸等,3)聚-(戊烷-1,5-碳酸酯)二醇、聚-(己烷-1,6-碳酸酯)二醇等,但获自亚丁二醇的PTMG优选。更优选是聚醚链段,其是获自2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇和3MeTHF的共聚物。
在用于本发明的复合层合物体中的弹性纤维的情况下,聚氨酯聚合物使用二胺增链剂或二醇通过使由羟基端软链段前驱体的加成聚合反应获得的预聚物产物与有机二异氰酸酯(封端反应)反应获得,或使用增链剂通过链伸长获得。此外,也优选进一步使预聚物产物与有机二异氰酸酯反应,且接着造成与增链剂反应。
用于本发明中的聚氨酯聚合物的有机二异氰酸酯的实例包括MDI、二异氰酸伸甲苯酯(TDI)、双(4-异氰酸酯基环己基)-甲烷(PICM)、二异氰酸六亚甲酯、二异氰酸3,3,5-三甲基-5-亚甲基环己酯等。
优选将各种二胺,诸如乙二胺、1,3-环己二胺、1,4-环己二胺等用作用于形成聚氨酯脲的二胺增链剂。
二胺增链剂不限于仅一个种类的二胺,但可以由多个类型的二胺构成。反应混合物中可以包括链终止剂以有助于调节聚氨酯脲的最终分子量。通常,可以使用具有活性氢的单官能性化合物作为链终止剂,诸如二乙胺。
此外,增链剂不限于前述二胺,但也可以是二醇。具体地说,这种二醇适用于获得具有100℃到180℃的热软化点的弹性纤维。其实例包括乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己二醇、1,4-双(β-羟基乙氧基)苯、双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯、二甲苯二醇等。二醇增链剂不限于仅一个种类的二醇,但可以由多个类型的二醇构成。此外,可以组合使用含有一个与异氰酸酯基反应的羟基的化合物。在这种情况下,获得聚氨酯的方法可以是任何类型的方法,诸如熔融聚合法、溶液聚合法等。关于用于聚合反应的配制物,不存在具体限制,且可以采用通过使例如多元醇、二异氰酸酯和由二醇制成的增链剂同时反应合成聚氨酯的方法,且可使用任何方法。
此外,也优选并入不损害本发明效果的范围内的稳定剂、导热性改良剂和颜料。
举例来说,可以添加光稳定剂、抗氧化剂或其类似物,诸如所谓的BHT,一种位阻酚系药剂,诸如由住友化学株式会社(Sumitomo Chemical Co.,Ltd.)制造的“Sumilizer(注册商标)GA-80”或其类似物;苯并三唑,诸如由巴斯夫(BASF)制造的“Tinuvin(注册商标)”;二苯甲酮药剂;磷药剂;各种受阻胺药剂;聚硅氧树脂粉末或具有聚偏二氟乙烯基团的氟树脂粉末或其类似物;金属皂,诸如硬脂酸镁;消毒剂,包括银、锌和其化合物;除臭剂;润滑剂,诸如聚硅氧和矿物油;各种抗静电剂,诸如硫酸钡、氧化铈、甜菜碱、磷酸化合物、磷酸酯化合物等;或这些物质可以通过与聚合物反应而存在。此外,为了进一步增强光耐久性,且优选含有各种氧化氮,尤其氮氧化物捕获剂,诸如由日本海德欣(Japan Hydrazine Co.,Ltd.)制造的HN-150、由科莱恩公司(Clariant Corporation)制造的“Hostanox(注册商标)”SE 10等,或热氧化稳定剂或其类似物。
优选添加氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、二氧化硅、氮化硅、氧化镁、碳酸镁、碳化硅或其类似物作为导热性改良剂以促进熔融和热软化。
举例来说,优选添加三氧化钛、氧化锌、磷酸锆或其类似物作为颜料。关于这些物质,出于抑制眩光的观点,由于使弹性纤维成条状且获得具有弹性纤维不明显的均质外观的复合层合物体,三氧化钛优选。优选将金红石类型或锐钛矿类型用于三氧化钛的情况。出于抑制光反射和稳定产生聚氨酯弹性纱线的观点,平均主要粒径优选在0.15μm到0.3μm范围内。此外,出于防止眩光的观点,聚氨酯型弹性纤维的量优选是0.3质量%或更大,且出于防止堵塞纺丝头等且稳定纺丝聚氨酯型弹性纤维的观点,是3质量%或更小。
优选添加氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、二氧化硅、氮化硅、氧化镁、碳酸镁、碳化硅或其类似物作为导热性改良剂以促进熔融和热软化。
当将聚氨酯聚合物制成溶液时,可以使用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(在下文中缩写为DMAc)、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等作为溶剂,但DMAc是最常用溶剂。
在30到50质量%(按溶液的总质量计)的聚氨酯聚合物溶液浓度下,获得聚氨酯弹性丝纱的干法纺丝法优选。
在本发明的情况下,由聚氨酯聚合物纺丝聚氨酯弹性纤维的方法不受具体限制,且例如1)可以采用熔融纺丝法、干法纺丝法、湿法纺丝或其类似方法作为使用二醇作为增链剂的聚氨酯弹性纤维的纺丝方法。此外,2)通常可以采用干法纺丝法作为使用二胺作为增链剂的聚氨酯弹性纤维的纺丝方法。
此外,在本发明的情况下,出于高拉伸性,尤其高拉伸回收应力的观点,使用聚氨酯弹性纤维丝纱优选,但弹性纤维本身往往会明显。因此,以下形式的纤维规格和组合优选。
弹性纤维的精细度和构成织物的纤维的精细度可以根据预期用途适当选择,但优选在0.1到5000分特范围内。
在本发明中构成复合层合物的织品的精细度表示分布于织品表面上的纤维的最大精细度。
此外,出于形成具有高均匀性的褶皱的观点,构成织品的纤维的精细度优选是0.1到500分特,更优选是0.1到50分特,且最优选是0.3到30分特。此外,出于复合层合物体的触感的观点,精细度优选是0.2到5分特,且最优选是0.2到2.0分特。
此外,弹性纤维的精细度优选是1到3000分特,更优选是350分特或更小,且尤其优选是10到350分特。
当使用具有小于1分特的弹性纤维精细度的弹性纤维时,存在在运作期间弹性纤维不能耐受运作摩擦的趋势,因此往往会出现纱线断裂,且当使用超过3000分特的弹性纤维时,存在在制造期间感测器侧不可承受由于运作摩擦产生的断裂的趋势。
在本发明的复合层合物的情况下,出于外观质量的观点,弹性纤维的精细度与分布于织品表面上的纤维的最大精细度的比率必须是0.5或更大和300或更小。
为了获得复合层合物中弹性纤维的存在难以辨别的形式的复合层合物,或换句话说,具有弹性纤维不明显的均质外观的复合层合物,表面反射光的影响比透射光更占主导,且弹性纤维与分布于表面上的纤维的最大精细度之间的精细度比率十分重要。
如果弹性纤维的精细度与分布于织物表面上的纤维的最大精细度的比率超过300,那么弹性纤维的存在极易注意到,且损害外观质量。
如果弹性纤维的精细度与分布于织物表面上的纤维的最大精细度的比率是0.5或更高和300或更低,那么弹性纤维的存在将在视觉上不容易观察到,且外观质量尤其极佳。
当分布于织品表面上的纤维的最大精细度在0.2到2.2分特范围内时,效果似乎更显著,且当最大精细度是0.5到2.0分特时,更显著。如果弹性纤维的精细度相对于分布于织物表面上的纤维的最大精细度的比率大于300,那么复合层合物体中弹性纤维的存在可以在视觉上清楚辨别,且如果将复合层合物体拉伸,那么存在将甚至更易于在视觉上辨别,且因此复合层合物体的外观美观性较差。如果精细度比率小于0.5,那么弹性纤维的弹性基本不够,褶皱不容易形成,且将不展示拉伸性。
此外,利用本发明的方法,如上文所述定义的色差变化ΔE*v优选是具体值或更低(1.0或更低),以获得弹性纤维不可见或不明显的具有均质外观的复合层合物体。色差变化ΔE*v是在Lab颜色规范系统中通过下文将描述的非接触型光谱色度计使用下文描述的等式由L*值、a*值和b*值的值计算的值。应注意,Lab颜色规范系统中的L*值是表示亮度的指数,a*值是红色与绿色之间的位置,且b*值是指示黄色与蓝色之间的位置的指数。随着色差变化ΔE*v增加,与弹性纤维交叉的区域的色差改变变大,且因此从外观上,弹性纤维不容易被看到,且弹性纤维的存在不容易确定。如果色差变化ΔE*v是1.0或更小,那么弹性纤维将难以被看到,或弹性纤维的存在不能够确定,或弹性纤维将极难以被看到或其存在极难以确定,且因此满足所要特性。
应注意,在本发明中,弹性纤维可以是原始拉伸纱线,且可以将织物和构成织物的纤维预先着色。使织物和构成织物的纤维着色的方法不受具体限制,但出于与弹性纤维着色相同颜色的观点,也优选通过能够调节颜色的筒纱染色或类似方法着色。
出于获得不具有包括过程渗透性的实际问题且沿一个方向延伸的树脂和弹性纤维彼此交叉的位置处形态优良的纤维的观点,本发明中所用的弹性纤维优选具有100℃或更高和240℃或更低范围内的热软化点。当热软化点低于100℃时,所述形态可能由于在转筒中干燥时或制造复合层合物体时沿一个方向延伸的树脂的热作用而被破坏,且当软化点高于240℃时,沿一个方向延伸的树脂和弹性纤维之间的兼容性将降低,且可能对褶皱的形成产生负面影响。热软化点的范围更优选是110℃或更大和200℃或更小,且最优选是120℃或更大和160℃或更小。因为弹性纤维和/或构成织物的材料可以使用诸如热轧辊、超声波焊机、高频率焊机、电磁感应焊机或其复合焊机的已知方法软化且熔合到沿与弹性纤维交叉的一个方向延伸的多个树脂股线,所以这一范围是优选的。
与弹性纤维交叉的沿一个方向延伸的多个树脂股线存在于用于本发明的复合层合物体中的织物中,且树脂是可以是任何类型粘着剂的树脂,诸如热熔粘着剂、基于溶剂的粘着剂或其类似物,或使构成织物的弹性纤维和/或材料软化或熔合。
在使构成织品的材料热软化或熔合的情况下,可以采用各种众所周知的方法,诸如热压印和超声波熔合。
还优选将诸如针穿或水喷射或其类似方法的机械缠绕方法应用于沿一个方向延伸的树脂的区域。
此外,为了增强本发明的作用,优选用作沿一个方向延伸的树脂的树脂是含有与织物和弹性纤维相同种类的材料的树脂,且更优选含有织物或弹性纤维的组分。当这类织物或含有弹性纤维的组分的树脂用作沿一个方向延伸的树脂时,也优选使织物或弹性纤维热软化或熔融以形成沿一个方向延伸的树脂,且最优选是织品与弹性纤维由热软化或熔融形成的情况。
本发明的复合层合物体是具有拉伸性的复合层合物体,且优选是紧密附着于皮肤的服饰,更具体地说,内衣、运动衣或儿童和成人用一次性尿布、月经产品、口罩、医用穿着、卫生材料(诸如手术服、绷带、支架、医用材料)等。此外,因为复合层合物体具有极佳美观特性,所以也可以应用于室内物品(诸如帘幕、家具、寝具)、衬里、束腰带、胸罩、贴身用品(intimate goods)、服饰用腰带、可拉伸运动服、可拉伸外套等。关于这些物品,本发明的复合层合物体尤其适用于一次性尿布。
实例
下文使用实例描述对本发明的复合层合物体的评估。首先,将描述本发明的实施方式中所用的每个特征的测量和评估方法。
软化点
测量热软化点作为弹性纤维耐热性的一个指数。使用由瑞奥美公司(RheometricsCo.,Ltd)制造的动态模数测量装置RSA II在10℃/min的加热速率下测量弹性纤维的动态储存弹性模数E'的温度分散。从E'曲线的平台区域中的切线和E'曲线的E'由于热软化而下降处的切线的交叉点测定热软化点。应注意,E'是对数轴且温度是直线轴。
织物精细度
使用扫描电子显微镜观察织物表面上的纤维,测量10个随机选择的表面纤维的最大直径值(α),且使用下式确定构成织物的材料的密度(ρ)g/m3。
精细度(分特)=ρ×π×(α/2)2×10000
弹性纤维的精细度
在本发明中,弹性纤维的精细度是根据ISO 2060测量的表观精细度,且测量方法如下。用于测量表观精细度的弹性纤维的样品在20℃和65%相对湿度的环境中静置24小时之后使用。弹性纤维在无负载状态下切割到长度d(单位:m),且由长度d(m)的细线质量(g)×10000÷d测定表观精细度(分特),精确到一个小数字。在此处,长度d通常可以是通常0.1m,但其不一定是一个连续的纤维,且多个纤维的总长度d'可以是0.1m。在这种情况下,当从复合层合物体取出弹性纤维样品时,仅需要取样安置于两个织物之间但远离各织物的位置的弹性纤维。举例来说,使用一把剪刀沿与弹性纤维交叉的沿一个方向延伸的树脂股线切割复合层合物体,且使用光学显微镜测量具有良好直线形状和0.1±0.01m的总长度的弹性纤维片的尺寸,以选择多个弹性纤维片,且获得总长度d'。接下来,通过精密天平测量多个所选弹性纤维块片的总质量,且计算弹性纤维片的总质量(g)×10000÷d',以确定弹性纤维的精细度。
测量复合层合物体的色差变化
将待测量的复合层合物体拉伸到最大且沿延伸方向固定,且接着置放于具有黑色本底的板上。使用色彩大师(Color master)(D 25 DP-9000型信号处理器)作为非接触型光谱色度计,使用比色直径测量L*a*b*颜色系统中的L*值、a*值和b*值。沿复合层合物体的宽度方向在0.5mm间隔的40个点测量所述值。由测量结果,使用下式在最大L*值点以L*1、a*1、b*1和在最小L*值点以L*2、a*2、b*2计算色差变化“ΔE*v”。
ΔE*v=√[(L*1-L*2)2+(a*1-a*2)2+(b*1-b*2)2]
取样测量样品且在样品伸长期间进行应力测量
(1)取样测量样品
首先,如图5(A)中所示,沿MD方向(加工方向,换句话说,制造复合层合物体条带10的方向)将复合层合物体10切割成5cm宽度。接下来,如图5(B)中所示,将切割的复合层合物体牵拉到不松动的状态,且沿MD方向以20cm的间隔做标记。接下来,如图5(C)中所示,复合层合物体在前述标记外的位置进行切割,且通过在标记外的位置钉住而固定。这一打钉机固定防止弹性纤维磨损。接下来,如图5(D)中所示,使复合层合物体沿MD方向松弛,测量各标记之间的联机,且将这一长度用作测试长度。
(2)伸长期间的应力测量
使用Instron拉伸测试器来测量。将前述(1)中采集的复合层合物体的标记之间的长度视为测试长度。进行两个130%的反复伸长循环,且测量伸长期间的前向应力和回复应力和所述时间的伸长率。反复伸长的速度是500mm/min。
制造一次性尿布原型
成年人一次性尿布的打褶部分的商业上可获得的方式是切割,且在实例1到5中制备复合层合物体,且比较实例1到4中散布有棉细线以制造一次性尿布的原型100,其中打褶部分101具有宽度12cm的管形状且沿腰周围区域延伸。
贴合度:一次性尿布的尺寸可调适性
制成3个腰围尺寸的具有前述打褶部分的一次性尿布的原型(3个尺寸,S:40cm,M:45cm,L:50cm)。制成管宽度12cm的一次性尿布的原型,其中拉伸方向是腰部分延伸的方向,且这些原型通过10位评审员对穿戴触感来评估。这时个体的腰尺寸是80cm±5cm。判断结果由以下准则展示。
◎:触感舒适、尺寸完美
○:感觉尺寸完美
Δ:感觉尺寸略小或略大
×:尺寸不同且触感不适
评估复合层合物体的褶皱的外观形状(判断褶皱外观均匀性)
将复合层合物体沿MD方向拉伸20%,在30cm的长度两端固定,在20℃的温度和65%的相对湿度下静置24小时,且接着视觉上观察褶皱的形状且进行以下判断。
评估褶皱
◎:褶皱中有0个扰动
○:褶皱中有1到3个扰动
Δ:褶皱中有4到10个扰动
×:褶皱中有10个或更多个扰动
实例1
如表1中所示,18股156分特的弹性聚氨酯纱线(热软化点:220℃)作为弹性纤维在插入织物之间期间以6g/m2的密度、3.5倍的牵伸比插入。将具有1.5分特的表面纤维精细度和17g/m2的基重的具有三层层状结构的非编织材料(在表1中称为“SMS”),也就是具有聚丙烯(PP)纺粘非编织材料的纺粘层/熔喷层/纺粘层用作复合层合物体,将前述聚氨酯弹性纱线插入两个织物之间,粘合用树脂通过设计涂布使用设计辊涂覆(每沿一个方向延伸的树脂股线(换句话说,热熔树脂)的涂覆宽度是1mm,且沿一个方向延伸的树脂股线之间的间隔是6mm),且弹性纤维和织物是间断粘结。弹性纤维的精细度与构成本发明中的织物的纤维的精细度的比率是104。使用涂布量20g/m2的基于橡胶的热熔粘着剂(制造商:波斯蒂尼塔(Bostic Nitta Co.,Ltd.),产品编号:AFX-162)作为用于粘合弹性聚氨酯纱线和非编织材料(如织物)的树脂。如表1的评估结果所示,其中色差变化ΔE*v是0.4且小于1.0,其中(A)反复伸长循环的第二循环的30%伸长率下的回复应力是44cN,和(B)第二循环的100%伸长率期间的回复应力是68cN,且[式1]中(A)/(B)×100%的值是65%,大于50%,且因此所述条件满足本发明的所有目的。此外,对于所有三个尺寸S、M和L,作为一次性尿布的尺寸可调适性评估的贴合度判断为◎,此外,就复合层合物体的褶皱的外观形状评估来说,褶皱均匀的外观判断评估为◎。结果展示可以获得一种复合层合物体,其具备具有高均匀性和规则性的美丽褶皱、美丽美观外观、用作一次性尿布时的极佳贴合、模态力的低伸长依赖性、穿戴时的典型柔软触感和具有广泛尺寸调适范围。
实例2到5和比较实例1到4
如表1中所示,与实例1相比,改变多个条件(在所有情况下,聚氨酯弹性纱线的热软化点是220℃)。应注意,表1中的术语“梳齿枪”是指使用标准梳齿枪通过将热熔树脂连续且直接涂覆于弹性纤维,和使用热熔树脂层压弹性纤维和织物而形成复合层合物体的方法。在设计涂布期间,复合层合物体由沿与弹性纤维正交的方形安置且延伸的树脂形成,然而用梳齿枪,形成具有沿平行于弹性纤维的方向安置且延伸的树脂股线的复合层合物体。
如表1中所示,实例1到5满足本发明中所述的条件,且因此可以提供一种复合层合物体,其具备具有高规则性和均匀性和极少扰动的褶皱,具有弹性纤维的存在注意不到的极佳美观性的外观,且具有极佳贴合特性、穿戴时的触感和达到宽尺寸范围的可调适性。另一方面,比较实例1到4并不满足本发明中所述的所有条件,且因此不可提供其中弹性纤维的存在不明显,其中褶皱的目标性能得以满足,且其中当用作一次性尿布时贴合特性和在大的尺寸范围上的可调适性极佳的具有美观性的复合层合物体。换句话说,比较实例1与2尤其具有不足够的伸长率,且不可测量第二循环中30%伸长率期间的回复应力和(B)第二循环中100%伸长率期间的回复应力。因此,褶皱的贴合度和均匀性较差。在比较实例3和4中,弹性纤维的精细度相对于构成织物的纤维的精细度的比率尤其过大,色差变化ΔE*v超出1.0,且可注意到弹性纤维,因此不可获得极佳外观美观性,且在作为一次性尿布评估时,对于一些尺寸来说贴合度不可接受。
表1
根据本发明的复合层合物体可以应用于如下任何复合层合物体:所述复合层合物体需要具有可拉伸打褶部分且穿戴时具有极佳触感,且适用于诸如用于内衣、运动衣或诸如儿童和成人用一次性尿布的卫生物品的材料的应用,且尤其适用作一次性尿布。
符号说明
10 复合层合物体
11 测试材料
100 一次性尿布原型
101 打褶部分
Claims (11)
1.一种复合层合物体,其包含:
插入两个织物薄片之间的沿一个方向平行安置的多个弹性纤维;和
粘合所述弹性纤维和所述两个织物薄片的树脂,其以沿一个与所述弹性纤维交叉的方向平行安置的多个股线提供;
其中所述两个织物薄片和所述弹性纤维分隔于沿所述弹性纤维的纵向方向相邻的树脂股线和弹性纤维发生交叉的各位置之间;
所述弹性纤维的精细度相对于构成所述织物的所述纤维的精细度的比率是0.5或更高和300或更低;且
当执行130%伸长率和回复的两个循环时,满足以下式1,其中
(A)是第二循环中30%伸长率下的回复应力,且
(B)是所述第二循环中100%伸长率下的回复应力,
[式1] (A)/(B)×100%≧50%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合层合物体,其中当第一循环伸长期间的前向应力是1000cN/5cm宽度时,所述复合层合物体具有150%或更高的伸长率。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合层合物体,其中所述弹性纤维的精细度是350分特(dtex)或更小。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中当所述复合层合物体处于沿所述弹性纤维延伸的方向拉伸到最大的情况下,且所述织物的外表面的颜色使用光谱色度计沿与所述弹性纤维正交的方向从所述复合层合物体外部来测量时,在下式中,使用L*值是最大时的L*值、a*值、b*值(L*1、a*1、b*1),和L*值是最小时的L*值、a*值、b*值,L*2、a*2、b*2),通过ΔE*v定义的色差变化是1.0或更低,
ΔE*v=√[(L*1-L*2)2+(a*1-a*2)2+(b*1-b*2)2]。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中沿一个方向延伸的所述树脂与所述弹性纤维发生交叉的位置处的所述复合层合物体的厚度是0.1mm或更大和2.0mm或更小。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中沿一个方向延伸的所述树脂与所述弹性纤维发生交叉且沿所述弹性纤维的所述纵向方向相邻的各位置之间的所述复合层合物体的厚度的最大值是1mm或更大和20mm或更小。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中在将所述复合层合物体沿所述弹性纤维延伸的方向拉伸到最大的情况下,沿一个方向延伸的一股树脂的宽度是0.2mm或更大和10mm或更小。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中在将所述复合层合物体沿所述弹性纤维延伸的方向拉伸到最大的情况下,沿一个方向延伸的各树脂股线之间的间隔是1mm或更大和20mm或更小。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中所述弹性纤维的热软化点是100℃或更高和240℃或更低。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体,其中沿一个方向延伸的所述树脂包括与构成所述织物和/或所述弹性纤维的组分相同的组分。
11.一种一次性尿布,其使用根据权利要求1至10中任一权利要求所述的复合层合物体作为褶裥部分。
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CN111432769B (zh) | 2022-07-29 |
ES2972658T3 (es) | 2024-06-13 |
KR20200096520A (ko) | 2020-08-12 |
EP3720403B1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
BR112020010795A2 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
TW201927269A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
KR102640140B1 (ko) | 2024-02-27 |
EP3720403A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
MX2020005617A (es) | 2020-09-24 |
BR112020010795B1 (pt) | 2023-12-05 |
WO2019111203A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
TWI840339B (zh) | 2024-05-01 |
US20200384726A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
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