CN111420672B - 一种加氢催化剂及其制备方法和在重油悬浮床加氢处理中的应用 - Google Patents
一种加氢催化剂及其制备方法和在重油悬浮床加氢处理中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种加氢催化剂及其制备方法和在重油悬浮床加氢处理中的应用,所述加氢催化剂包括载体、金属组分钼、至少一种选自第VIII族的非贵金属组分和助剂组分,所述助剂组分包括硼或硼与磷的组合物,所述载体是拟薄水铝石,催化剂的≥350℃红外总酸量为40‑350μmol/g;所述催化剂采用XRD表征时,在2θ=26o时没有出现MoO3特征峰。与现有技术相比,采用本发明提供的催化剂进行重油的悬浮床加氢处理,催化剂具有更好的加氢脱硫、脱氮效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加氢催化剂及其制备方法和在重油悬浮床加氢处理中的应用,属于催化剂制备与应用技术领域。
背景技术
随着世界经济的发展和环保意识的增强,各国对清洁燃料的需求不断增加,重油的高效加工利用成为炼油行业的挑战。重油中富集了原油中的硫、氮、金属等杂质,这些杂质对后续的加工过程以及产品性质具有重要影响,因而必须加以脱除。催化加氢处理是最广泛应用的手段之一。固定床加氢工艺容易形成局部过热,易使催化剂失活。悬浮床加氢反应器虽然在传质过程中不及固定床反应器高效,但其原料适应性广,操作灵活,能及时传递热量,并且热量分布均匀,催化剂稳定性有很大的提升。负载型悬浮床加氢催化剂中催化活性的主要来源是负载于氧化铝载体上的选自第VIB族和VIII族的活性金属组分,促进氢分子的活化、烃分子的氢解以及脱硫脱氮等反应。调变载体性质是改善加氢催化剂性能的常用手段。
中国专利CN1040610A公开了一种以载有氧化钛的γ-氧化铝为载体、W-Mo-Ni为活性组分的烃类加氢精制催化剂。利用氧化钛改性氧化铝载体能在一定程度上改进催化剂的性能,但载体酸量较低,不利于氮杂环的开环断裂。当加工处理氮含量较高的原料时,脱氮效果不明显,不利于催化剂长期运转活性。
中国专利CN101314130A公开了一种含硼加氢脱硫催化剂,使用含硼的水溶液浸渍具有δ或θ结构的氧化铝载体制得硼表面改性的氧化铝载体,然后再浸渍负载活性金属组分。该催化剂具有良好的加氢脱硫效果,但是由于催化剂使用常规浸渍方法,受浸渍液最大浓度的限制,硼含量和活性组分含量的提升空间不大,并且金属负载量高的时候容易导致金属聚集,活性金属利用率低,限制了催化剂的反应活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种新的表面酸性适中、活性金属分散度高,且具有更好脱硫、脱氮效果的重油浆态床加氢处理催化剂及其制备方法。
本发明是在铝载体前驱盐的水解液中加入硼或硼与磷的组合物,催化剂的表面酸性易于调节且可调范围广。铝载体的合成过程中加入活性金属盐,使得最终形成的催化剂中活性金属颗粒小且在载体表面均匀分散。
本发明提供了一种加氢催化剂,包括载体、金属组分钼、至少一种选自第VIII族的非贵金属组分和助剂组分,所述助剂组分包括硼或硼与磷的组合物。
所得加氢催化剂中,以氧化物计并以催化剂为100%计,催化剂中各组分占的比例:金属组分钼含量为8-45重量%,第VIII族的金属组分含量为1-12重量%,助剂组分含量为1-16重量%(以硼或硼与磷的总和计),载体含量为45-90重量%,其中所述第VIII族的金属组分为镍或铁,所述助剂选自硼酸或磷酸硼。所得催化剂的≥350℃红外总酸量为40-350μmol/g,所述载体是拟薄水铝石,所述催化剂采用XRD表征时,在2θ=26o时没有出现MoO3特征峰。
进一步地,其中,以氧化物计并以催化剂为基准,金属组分钼含量为10-35重量%,第VIII族的金属组分含量为2-10重量%,助剂组分含量为2-12重量%(以硼或硼与磷的总和计),载体含量为55-85重量%,催化剂的≥350℃红外总酸量为50-280μmol/g。
本发明提供的加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括:a) 在铝盐的水解液中加入含助剂的水溶液或醇溶液,所述水解液中水/铝摩尔比为50:1~150:1,助剂溶液的浓度为10重量%~50重量%,铝与磷的摩尔比为2.2:1~16:1,所述铝盐为硝酸铝、硫酸铝或异丙醇铝,助剂为硼酸或磷酸硼,醇为乙醇或异丙醇;b) 将含金属组分钼和至少一种选自第VIII族的非贵金属组分的化合物的水溶液加入步骤a) 制备的反应混合物中,然后在60-100 ℃温度范围内搅拌1-10 小时,制得催化剂前驱体,所述钼盐为四水合钼酸铵,第VIII族金属盐为六水合硝酸镍或九水合硝酸铁;c) 将步骤b) 制备的前驱体在一定条件下进行老化、液相热处理后得到催化剂,所述老化温度为10-70 ℃,老化时间为1-10天,所述液相热处理溶剂为液体石蜡,热处理温度为200-400 ℃,热处理时间为2-10 小时。
本发明还提供了一种重油悬浮床加氢处理方法,该方法包括:在重油悬浮床加氢处理条件下,将重油、氢气与本发明提供的加氢催化剂接触并进行重油悬浮床加氢处理。
上述重油悬浮床加氢处理方法中,所述重油为选自常压渣油、减压渣油、催化裂化油浆或煤焦油中的至少一种。
上述重油悬浮床加氢处理方法中,所述重油加氢处理的条件包括:反应温度为350-480℃,反应压力为5-16MPa,反应时间0.5-6小时。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明在铝载体前驱盐的水解液中引入硼或硼与磷助剂,催化剂的表面酸性易于调节且可调范围广;与现有重油加氢处理催化剂相比,采用本发明的加氢催化剂进行重油浆态床加氢处理时具有更好的加氢脱硫、脱氮效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所制备的加氢催化剂C-1的XRD谱图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案,并不用于对本发明进行任何限制。对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
根据本发明,X射线衍射(XRD)的晶相图是用Shimadzu XRD7000 X测定得到,测试条件为:Cu靶,Kα辐射,Ni滤波片,超能探测器,管电压40KV,管电流40mA。
实施例1-5说明本发明提供催化剂及其制备方法。
实施例1
称取20.3g异丙醇铝,均匀分散在130g去离子水中制成浆液,然后加入9.5g含15%硼酸的水溶液,于85℃下反应2小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵3.7g,六水合硝酸镍3.0g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应6小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于25℃下老化处理8天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在320℃下热处理5小时,得到催化剂C-1。
催化剂C-1的XRD表征结果如图1所示,呈现结晶不完整AlOOH的特征衍射峰,证明该催化剂载体为拟薄水铝石。在2θ=26o时没有出现MoO3特征峰,说明负载的活性金属在载体表面分散良好,没有明显聚集现象。
实施例2
称取18.8g异丙醇铝,均匀分散在160g含40%异丙醇的水溶液中制成浆液,然后加入10.0g含40%硼酸的水溶液,于85℃下反应2小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵3.7g,六水合硝酸镍3.0g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应6小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于40℃下老化处理5天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在280℃下热处理8小时,得到催化剂C-2。
实施例3
称取21.1g硫酸铝,均匀分散在160g含40%异丙醇的水溶液中制成浆液,然后加入1.4g含40%硼酸的水溶液,于85℃下反应2小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵2.5g,六水合硝酸镍2.0g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应6小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于40℃下老化处理5天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在280℃下热处理8小时,得到催化剂C-3。
实施例4
称取41.1g九水合硝酸铝,160g含20%乙醇的水溶液中制成浆液,然后加入7.6g含15%磷酸硼的乙醇溶液,于90℃下反应3小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵2.5g,六水合硝酸镍4.0g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应4小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于40℃下老化处理5天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在280℃下热处理4小时,得到催化剂C-4。
实施例5
称取40.3g九水合硝酸铝,均匀分散在130g去离子水中制成浆液然后加入15.3g含15%磷酸硼的乙醇溶液,于90℃下反应3小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵2.5g,九水合硝酸铁5.6g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应4小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于25℃下老化处理8天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在350℃下热处理4小时,得到催化剂C-5。
对比例1-2说明参比催化剂(现有技术生产的催化剂)的制备方法。
对比例1
制备得到催化剂R-1(不含硼或磷酸硼助剂组分),其余条件与实施例1完全相同。
称取21.2g异丙醇铝,均匀分散在130g去离子水中制成浆液,于85℃下反应2小时后得混合物A。称取四水合钼酸铵3.7g,六水合硝酸镍3.0g,分别与10mL去离子水配制成溶液,依次加入到混合物A中,在90℃反应6小时后即可得到催化剂前驱体。
催化剂前驱体于25℃下老化处理8天,然后分散于液体石蜡中,并在320℃下热处理5小时,得到催化剂R-1。
对比例2
制备得到催化剂R-2(浸渍法制备催化剂NiMo/γ-Al2O3),NiMo负载量与对比例中R-1相同。称取3.7g四水合钼酸铵和3.0g六水合硝酸镍,分别用稀氨水溶液溶解,再混合均匀。用配制的含活性金属的稀氨水溶液等体积浸渍6.2g工业载体γ-氧化铝,室温过夜后,置于110℃干燥12小时,然后于450℃下焙烧4小时,得到催化剂R-2。
实施例6-10说明本发明提供的催化剂(实施例1-5所得催化剂)的重油加氢处理性能。
以硫含量为0.30%、氮含量为0.25%的催化裂化油浆为反应原料,在100mL高压加氢反应釜中评价催化剂C-1、C-2、C-3、C-4、C-5的加氢脱硫脱氮活性。将30g催化裂化油浆、0.4g硫粉和1.0g催化剂加入反应釜中,充分混合。反应条件为:反应温度400℃,氢气压力为9MPa,反应时间为4小时。反应结束后,快速冷却至室温。使用紫外荧光硫测定仪分析加氢产物油的硫含量,使用化学发光定氮仪分析加氢产物油的氮含量。按照下列公式分别计算脱硫率XS和脱氮率XN:
其中,FS为原料油中的硫含量,PS为产物油中的硫含量;FN为原料油中的氮含量,PN为产物油中的氮含量。
实验结果见表1。
对比例3-4说明参比催化剂(对比例1-2所得催化剂)的性能。
按照与实施例6完全相同方法评价催化剂R-1和R-2,结果如表1所示。
表1 加氢反应结果
参比催化剂R-1不含硼或磷酸硼助剂,其余制备条件与实施例1中C-1完全相同,参比催化剂R-2是采用浸渍法制备的NiMo/γ-Al2O3(工业载体),Ni、Mo负载量与对比例中R-1相同。从表1中的数据可以看出,催化剂C-1、C-2、C-3、C-4和C-5的脱硫率、脱氮率均高于参比催化剂R-1、R-2。表明采用本发明的加氢催化剂进行重油浆态床加氢处理时具有更好的加氢脱硫、脱氮效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种加氢催化剂,其特征在于:包括载体、金属组分钼、至少一种选自第VIII族的非贵金属组分和助剂组分,所述助剂组分包括硼与磷的组合物;所述载体是拟薄水铝石;
以氧化物计并以催化剂为100%计,金属组分钼含量为8-45重量%,第VIII族的金属组分含量为1-12重量%,助剂组分含量为1-16重量%,载体含量为45-90重量%,其中所述第VIII族的金属组分为镍或铁,所述助剂选自磷酸硼;所得催化剂的≥350℃红外总酸量为40-350μmol/g;
所述的加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)在铝盐的水解液中加入含助剂的水溶液或醇溶液,所述水解液中水/铝摩尔比为50:1~150:1,助剂溶液的浓度为10重量%~50重量%,铝与磷的摩尔比为2.2:1~16:1;
b)将含金属组分钼和至少一种选自第VIII族的非贵金属组分的化合物的水溶液加入步骤a)制备的反应混合物中,然后在60-100℃温度范围内搅拌1-10小时,制得催化剂前驱体;
c)将步骤b)制备的前驱体进行老化、液相热处理后得到催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加氢催化剂,其特征在于:以氧化物计并以催化剂为100%计,金属组分钼含量为10-35重量%,第VIII族的金属组分含量为2-10重量%,助剂组分含量为2-12重量%,载体含量为55-85重量%,所得催化剂的≥350℃红外总酸量为50-280μmol/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加氢催化剂,其特征在于:所述催化剂采用XRD表征时,在2θ=26°时没有出现MoO3特征峰。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加氢催化剂,其特征在于:所述铝盐为硝酸铝、硫酸铝或异丙醇铝,醇为乙醇或异丙醇,钼盐为四水合钼酸铵,第VIII族金属盐为六水合硝酸镍或九水合硝酸铁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的加氢催化剂,其特征在于:步骤c)中,所述老化温度为10-70℃,老化时间为1-10天,所述液相热处理溶剂为液体石蜡,热处理温度为200-400℃,热处理时间为2-10小时。
6.一种权利要求1~5任一项所述的加氢催化剂在重油悬浮床加氢处理中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:在重油悬浮床加氢处理条件下,将重油、氢气与加氢催化剂接触并进行重油悬浮床加氢处理;
所述重油悬浮床加氢处理的条件包括:反应温度为350-480℃,反应压力为5-16MPa,反应时间0.5-6小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述重油为常压渣油、减压渣油、催化裂化油浆或煤焦油中的至少一种。
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