CN111410624B - 非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物及其应用 - Google Patents

非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111410624B
CN111410624B CN202010020669.2A CN202010020669A CN111410624B CN 111410624 B CN111410624 B CN 111410624B CN 202010020669 A CN202010020669 A CN 202010020669A CN 111410624 B CN111410624 B CN 111410624B
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蒲守智
王仁杰
张洁
刘刚
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Abstract

本发明属于光致变色材料领域,是非对称型萘‑吡咯全氟环戊烯化合物的合成方法及其应用,所制得的两种化合物具有显著的聚集诱导发光特性。本发明提供了上述方案所述化合物的制备方法,本发明提供的制备方法步骤简单,成本低,制备条件更加温和,更加适合工业化生产,应用前景较大且针对在细胞荧光成像以及有机光致发冷光材料有较好的应用效果。

Description

非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于光致变色材料领域,是非对称型萘-吡咯全氟环戊烯化合物的合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着科学技术飞速发展,人们对存储材料的性能要求逐渐提高。与传统的存储材料相比,有机光致变色存储材料在存储密度及存储速度等性能上具有较大优势。目前被广泛报道的的有机光致变色化合物主要有席夫碱、俘精酸酐、螺吡喃、偶氮苯、二芳基乙烯等,该类化合物能够在不同波长光的照射下发生可逆的变色反应,该特性能够引起化合物的物理和化学性质发生显著的变化,从而使光致变色化合物在光控分子开关、分子器件、及防伪技术、新型光电器件、光化学传感等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。
近年来,在众多有机光致变色的化合物中,二芳基乙烯由于具有热稳定性强,耐疲劳性能好和灵敏度高等优点引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。二芳基乙烯类化合物最早是由日本化学家Irie教授等人于上世纪七十年代首次发现并报道,是最具应用前景的光致变色材料之一。自其问世以来,大量的新型光致变色二芳基乙烯衍生物被陆续报道。根据二芳基乙烯化合物分子的结构特征,该类化合物的光致变色性能通常取决于化合物分子桥头单元、侧基杂环及侧基杂环上的取代基类型。在众多二芳基乙烯光致变色分子中,以全氟环戊烯为桥头单元,侧基带有芳杂环的光致变色二芳烯化合物具有更加优异的光热稳定性、化学稳定性,以及良好的抗疲劳性,其光致变色反应所引起的材料吸收、发射、氧化还原性等物理化学性质可以在光控条件下发生可逆变化,这些变化参数在光存储及新型光电器件方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。目前,所报道的以全氟环戊烯为桥头单元的二芳基乙烯类化合物中,乙烯双键两端所连接的芳环常见的是一些五元杂环,如噻吩、呋喃、噻唑,以及部分稠环,如苯并噻吩、苯酚呋喃及吲哚等。此外,将部分六元芳环(如苯环、吡啶环、萘环及嘧啶环)引入到二芳烯基乙烯化合物的侧基,系列非对称型的五-六元环混联型二芳基乙烯化合物被陆续报道出来,这种分子设计手段大大拓展了二芳基乙烯化合物的种类,丰富了二芳基乙烯化合物库,同时也使得二芳基乙烯化合物具备一些新颖的性质,如非对称型吡啶-噻吩混联型全氟环戊烯化合物,其分子内存在的弱相作用有利于提高该类化合物的光环化量子产率。
吡咯环是一种重要的五元芳杂环,其芳香稳定能较低,据文献报道,非对称型吡咯-噻吩型全氟环戊烯化合物具有优良的光致变色、热稳定性和耐疲劳性。因此,以全氟环戊烯为二芳基乙烯化合物的桥头单元,选择吡咯环、萘环作为侧基单元构建构建非对称型萘-吡咯混联型全氟环戊烯尚未见任何文献和专利报道。本专利首次申请保护以萘-吡咯环合成全氟环戊烯类光致变色非对称二芳基乙烯化合物的制备方法及其在细胞荧光成像中的应用。
发明内容
基于背景技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种具有光致变色特性的萘-吡咯混联型非对称全氟环戊烯化合物的合成方法及应用。
非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物,结构通式为:
Figure BDA0002360655890000031
R为-CN和
Figure BDA0002360655890000032
中的一种。
非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物的合成方法,R为-CN 时,由以下步骤合成:
(1)在冰浴条件下,将1,5-二甲基-2-氰基吡咯5.0g溶于装有100.0 mL乙酸的单口烧瓶瓶中,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢地滴加含2.2mL液溴的乙酸20.0mL,搅拌反应24h后,加大量水搅拌并充分振荡,过滤得滤渣,用纯水洗涤2次,干燥得灰色固体,即 3-溴-1,5-二甲基-2- 吡咯烷腈;
(2)-78℃条件下,氮气保护环境下,将1-溴-2-甲基萘10mmol溶于 100.0mL精制的THF溶液中,低温冷冻10分钟,将n-BuLi,5mmol 缓慢打入,反应半小时后,封闭反应体系,将全氟环戊烯用针管快速加到反应烧瓶中,通氩气,保持在-78℃条件下反应一个半小时,待反应完全,加水终止反应,旋蒸除去THF,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用水洗有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,纯石油醚为洗脱剂过硅胶柱,得无色透明晶状固体,即 得单取代的1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)全氟环戊烯;
(3)-78℃条件下,氮气保护,在100mL三口烧瓶中加入步骤(2) 中制得的化合物5.0mmol,加入60mL精制的四氢呋喃,保持-78℃搅拌10分钟,缓慢加入3.0mL的n-BuLi,继续低温反应30min,加入2-甲基-1-萘基全氟环戊烯5.0mmol继续反应2h,待反应完全加水终止反应,将混合溶液分别用水,二氯甲烷和饱和食盐水萃取三次,将收集的有机相减压蒸馏,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1的为洗脱液柱色谱分离,得到黄色固体粉末,即 得{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯;
非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物,其特征在于,当R为
Figure BDA0002360655890000041
时,由以下步骤合成:
(1)常温下,将上述步骤( 3 ) 制得的{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯1.0~1.5mmol溶于DMSO溶液中,加入0.4mol L-1的K2CO3溶液和2.0mL H2O2,反应12h后加水稀释、抽滤,得白色固体化合物;即 得{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基,2-[1,5-二甲基-2- 甲酰胺基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯。
所述的非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物在细胞荧光成像中的应用。
本发明的有益效果
(1)萘环-吡咯非对称型全氟环戊烯在溶液中具有良好的光致变色性能,并且开环态(无色态)和闭环态(呈色态)均具有较好的化学热稳定性和高灵敏度。
(2)萘环-吡咯非对称型全氟环戊烯化合物开环态在400-500nm范围内具有较强的荧光,而闭环态荧光较弱,因而可用于荧光分子开关。
(3)萘环-吡咯非对称型全氟环戊烯化合物的制备原材料成本相对较低,反应条件成熟,且能够进入HeLa细胞,并表现出良好的细胞染色功能。因此,该类化合物可作为细胞荧光标记物,在细胞染料领域具有潜在的应用价值。
附图说明
图1.在室温光照射下,正己烷(C=2.0×10-5mol/L)中物质的紫外吸收光谱紫外开关和颜色的变化:(A)化合物1;(B)化合物2;
图2.在室温光照射下,正己烷(C=2.0×10-5mol/L)中物质的荧光吸收光谱(激发波长为340nm):(A)化合物1;(B)化合物2;
图3.化合物1和2的固态荧光吸收光谱;
图4.化合物1和2的晶体结构图;
图5.化合物1和2的细胞荧光成像图。(A:荧光暗场;B:明场;C:叠加场)。
具体实施方法
实施例1
化合物1{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]} 全氟环戊烯的制备过程
在分子结构通式中,当R为氰基(-CN)时,即构成光致变色化合物1O,其名称为:{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002360655890000061
该新型全氟环戊烯类二芳基乙烯化合物的合成方案如Scheme1 所示
化合物1O的合成方案如式Scheme 1所示:
Figure BDA0002360655890000062
具体合成步骤如下所述:
1、4-溴-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基吡咯(2)
在冰浴条件下,将1,5-二甲基-2-氰基吡咯(5.0~6.0g,40~50 mmol)溶于装有100.0mL乙酸的单口烧瓶瓶中,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢地滴加含2.2mL液溴的乙酸20.0mL,搅拌反应24h后,加大量水搅拌并充分振荡,过滤得滤渣,用纯水洗涤2次,干燥得灰色固体(2)(6.5~7.5g,32.8~37.8mmol),产率:78.9~82%。
产物结构鉴定:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.19(s,3H),3.60(s, 3H),6.68(s,1H)。
2、1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)全氟环戊烯(4)
-78℃条件下,氩气保护环境下,将1-溴-2-甲基萘(2.2~3.3g, 10~15mmol)溶于100.0mL精制的THF溶液中,低温冷冻10分钟,将n-BuLi(3.0mL,5mmol)缓慢打入,反应半小时后,封闭反应体系,将全氟环戊烯用针管快速加到反应烧瓶中,通氩气,保持在-78℃条件下反应一个半小时,待反应完全,加适量水终止反应。旋蒸除去 THF,用二氯甲烷萃取。合并有机相,用水洗有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥。纯石油醚为洗脱剂过硅胶柱。得无色透明晶状固体(3.0~4.0g, 8.98~11.98mmol)产率:89.8~94%。
产物结构鉴定:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.44(s,3H),7.44(d, 1H,J=8.0Hz),7.55(m,3H),7.90(m,2H).
3、{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯的合成(1O)
-78℃条件下,氩气保护,在100mL三口烧瓶中加入化合物2 (1.7~2.6g,5.0~8.0mmol),加入60mL精制的四氢呋喃,保持-78℃搅拌10分钟,缓慢加入3.0mL的n-BuLi,继续低温反应30min,加入2-甲基-1-萘基全氟环戊烯(5.0mmol)继续反应2h。待反应完全加水终止反应,将混合溶液分别用水,二氯甲烷和饱和食盐水萃取三次,将收集的有机相减压蒸馏,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1的为洗脱液柱色谱分离,得到黄色固体粉末(0.8~1.2g,1.84~2.7mmol)。产率 36.8~42%。
产物结构鉴定:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.06(s,3H),2.31(s, 3H),3.51(s,3H),6.31(s,1H),7.38(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.50(m,2H), 7.58(d,1H,J=4.0Hz),7.86(d,2H,J=8.0Hz)。
实施例2
化合物2{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基,2-[1,5-二甲基-2-甲酰胺基-吡咯-4- 基]}全氟环戊烯(2O)的合成过程:
在分子结构通式中,当R=-CONH2时,即构成化合物{1-(2- 甲基-1-萘基,2-[1,5-二甲基-2-甲酰胺基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002360655890000081
化合物{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基,2-[1,5-二甲基-2-甲酰胺基-吡咯-4-基]} 全氟环戊烯的合成方案如式Scheme 2所示:
Figure BDA0002360655890000082
具体合成步骤如下所述:
常温下,将化合物1O(0.44~0.65g,1.0~1.5mmol)溶于DMSO 溶液中,加入0.4molL-1的K2CO3溶液和2.0mL H2O2,反应12h后加水稀释、抽滤,得白色固体化合物2O(0.25~0.42g,0.55~0.92mmol) 产率:55.6~65.2%。
产物结构鉴定:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.86(s,3H),2.29(s, 3H),3.67(s,3H),6.24(s,1H),7.37(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.49(m,2H,J= 8.0Hz),7.68(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.84(d,2H,J=8.0Hz)。
实施例3
HeLa细胞的染色:
在37℃,5%的二氧化碳和95%的空气的条件下。HeLa细胞置于 20mL10%DMEM的牛血清中细胞培养皿中,并允许在实验前坚持一夜。用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)冲洗HeLa细胞后,分别将化合物1和化合物2(20μM)分别在培养基中孵育30分钟。用PBS冲洗HeLa细胞三次后,用Olympus FV1000激光共聚焦激光扫描显微镜对细胞成像,以405nm激光器激发,收集蓝光通道400-500nm处荧光的信号。
本发明萘环-吡咯混联型光致变色全氟环戊烯化合物分子的主要用途有:利用其良好的光致变色、热稳定等性能,可将其应用于作光存储介质或光控开关元件;利用化合物分子的荧光性质,可将其用作细胞荧光成像。

Claims (2)

1.非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物,其特征在于,结构通式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
R为
Figure 779568DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
所述的非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物的合成方法,由以下步骤合成:
(1)在冰浴条件下,将1,5-二甲基-2-氰基吡咯5.0g溶于装有100.0mL乙酸的单口烧瓶瓶中,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢地滴加含2.2mL液溴的乙酸20.0mL,搅拌反应24h后,加大量水搅拌并充分振荡,过滤得滤渣,用纯水洗涤2次,干燥得灰色固体,即3-溴-1,5-二甲基-2-吡咯烷腈;
(2)-78℃条件下,氮气保护环境下,将1-溴-2-甲基萘10mmol溶于100.0mL精制的THF溶液中,低温冷冻10分钟,将n-BuLi,5mmol缓慢打入,反应半小时后,封闭反应体系,将全氟环戊烯用针管快速加到反应烧瓶中,通氩气,保持在-78℃条件下反应一个半小时,待反应完全,加水终止反应,旋蒸除去THF,用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用水洗有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,纯石油醚为洗脱剂过硅胶柱,得无色透明晶状固体,即得单取代的1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)全氟环戊烯;
(3) -78℃条件下,氮气保护,在100 mL三口烧瓶中加入步骤(2)中制得的化合物5.0mmol,加入60mL精制的四氢呋喃,保持-78℃搅拌10分钟,缓慢加入3.0mL的n-BuLi,继续低温反应30min,加入2-甲基-1-萘基全氟环戊烯5.0mmol继续反应2h,待反应完全加水终止反应,将混合溶液分别用水,二氯甲烷和饱和食盐水萃取三次,将收集的有机相减压蒸馏,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1的为洗脱液柱色谱分离,得到黄色固体粉末,即得{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯;常温下,将制得的{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基),2[-1,5-二甲基-2-氰基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯1.0~1.5mmol溶于DMSO溶液中,加入0.4mol · L-1的K2CO3溶液和2.0mLH2O2,反应12h后加水稀释、抽滤,得白色固体化合物;即得{1-(2-甲基-1-萘基,2-[1 ,5-二甲基-2-甲酰胺基-吡咯-4-基]}全氟环戊烯。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的非对称萘-吡咯混联型二芳基乙烯化合物在细胞荧光成像中的应用。
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