CN111397361A - 一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构 - Google Patents

一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构 Download PDF

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CN111397361A
CN111397361A CN202010243633.0A CN202010243633A CN111397361A CN 111397361 A CN111397361 A CN 111397361A CN 202010243633 A CN202010243633 A CN 202010243633A CN 111397361 A CN111397361 A CN 111397361A
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furnace
small heat
heat insulation
cover
insulation screen
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陆文林
丛培武
杜春辉
王赫
何龙祥
王同
陈旭阳
薛丹若
杨广文
范雷
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007Atmosphere
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14Arrangements of heating devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/18Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B2005/062Cooling elements

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,包括前小隔热屏、前盖、筒体、发热体、后盖、后小隔热屏、料台立柱和横梁。前盖、后盖及筒体由底板及复合隔热屏组成,前盖和后盖上加工有通风孔;前小隔热屏由气缸驱动通过铰链可水平移动,以开启和关闭前盖上的通风孔;后小隔热屏由气缸驱动可沿导轨上下移动,以开启和关闭后盖上的通风孔。在充氢加热过程中,前小隔热屏和后小隔热屏关闭位于前盖和后盖上的通风孔,减少气体对流造成的热量损失,提高加热温度均匀性;在气冷过程中,前小隔热屏和后小隔热屏开启位于前盖和后盖上的通风孔,使冷却气流经通风口均匀吹向工件形成回路。能有效控制加热过程炉温均匀性、减少热量损失,同时也确保气冷过程的冷却性能,满足热处理工件组织、性能及变形的要求。

Description

一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空氢气炉,尤其涉及一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构。
背景技术
真空氢气炉是在真空条件下向炉内充入氢气进行加热,适用于钛合金渗氢、金属陶瓷的真空烧结、人造金刚石的氢气烧结,各种牌号不锈钢粉末烧结等多种真空热处理工艺。为了保证工件的冷却速度,满足工件的使用性能,在冷却过程中需进行高压气冷。
通常情况下,带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉,通常采用多层金属隔热屏炉胆,为实现气冷,炉胆前后盖、前后小隔热屏为固定式结构,前后盖上预留风孔。真空加热是通过辐射进行加热,利用辐射加热均匀的特点,炉温均匀性容易实现。而当在真空加热过程中引入气体时,气体会充满整个炉体内部,由于真空炉的炉体是冷壁结构,冷壁与热区之间的温差将使得气体通过前后盖上的通风口在炉胆内部与炉体冷壁之间产生对流。由于氢气是所有气体中导热系数最高的气体(常温下氢气的导热系数是氩气9.42倍,是氮气的7.15倍),同时氢气的分子量小、流动性强。
因此,当充入氢气加热时,因对流影响,造成大量热量损失,炉胆保温隔热效果不佳,影响加热过程炉温均匀性,进而影响工件组织和性能的均匀性,并导致工件变形超差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,该炉胆结构包括筒体,所述筒体的前端和后端分别设有前盖和后盖,所述前盖和后盖上分别设有前小隔热屏和后小隔热屏,所述筒体内设有发热体、料台立柱和横梁;
所述前小隔热屏通过铰链与所述前盖上的炉门连接,并连接有水平驱动气缸;
所述后小隔热屏安装有导向轮,所述后盖上安装有竖直方向的导轨,所述导向轮置于所述导轨上,所述后小隔热屏连接有竖直驱动气缸。
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例提供的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,能有效控制加热过程炉温均匀性、减少热量损失,同时也确保气冷过程的冷却性能。满足热处理工件组织、性能及变形的要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构在加热状态下的示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构在冷却状态下的示意图。
图中:
1.前小隔热屏,2.前盖,3.筒体,4.发热体,5.后盖,6.后小隔热屏,7.料台立柱,8.料台横梁。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例作进一步地详细描述。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
本发明的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其较佳的具体实施方式是:
该炉胆结构包括筒体,所述筒体的前端和后端分别设有前盖和后盖,所述前盖和后盖上分别设有前小隔热屏和后小隔热屏,所述筒体内设有发热体、料台立柱和横梁;
所述前小隔热屏通过铰链与所述前盖上的炉门连接,并连接有水平驱动气缸;
所述后小隔热屏安装有导向轮,所述后盖上安装有竖直方向的导轨,所述导向轮置于所述导轨上,所述后小隔热屏连接有竖直驱动气缸。
所述前盖上加工有能覆盖有效加热区且均匀分布的多个通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,所述前小隔热屏水平运动开启或关闭所述前盖上的通风孔。
所述后盖上加工有通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,所述后小隔热屏竖直运动开启或关闭所述后盖上的通风孔。
所述前盖、筒体和后盖均包括底板和复合隔热屏,所述复合隔热屏是由2层钼片和由不锈钢板包裹的陶瓷纤维构成。
所述前小隔热屏和所述后小隔热屏均包括底板和隔热屏,所述隔热屏由钼板包裹陶瓷纤维构成。
本发明的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,能有效控制加热过程炉温均匀性、减少热量损失,同时也确保气冷过程的冷却性能。满足热处理工件组织、性能及变形的要求。
具体实施例,如图1、图2所示:
炉胆包括前小隔热屏1、前盖2、筒体3、发热体4、后盖5、后小隔热屏6、料台立柱7和横梁8。所述前盖2、筒体3及后盖5由底板及复合隔热屏组成,既耐高温又具有良好的保温隔热效果;所述前盖2和所述后盖5上加工有通风孔;所述前小隔热屏1由气缸驱动通过铰链水平移动,以开启和关闭前盖2上的通风孔;所述后小隔热屏6由气缸驱动可沿导轨上下移动,以开启和关闭后盖5上的通风孔。在充氢加热过程中,所述前小隔热屏1和所述后小隔热屏6关闭位于前盖2和后盖5上的通风孔,减少气体对流造成的热量损失,提高加热温度均匀性;在气冷过程中,所述前小隔热屏1和所述后小隔热屏6开启位于前盖2和后盖5上的通风孔,使冷却气流经通风口均匀吹向工件形成回路。
所述前小隔热屏1由底板和隔热屏组成,其由气缸驱动,通过固定与炉门上的铰链实现水平运动,可开启和关闭位于前盖2上的通风孔,其中隔热屏由钼板包裹陶瓷纤维构成。
所述前盖2、筒体3、后盖5均由底板和复合隔热屏组成,其中复合隔热屏是由2层钼片和由不锈钢板包裹的陶瓷纤维构成,具有良好的耐高温和保温隔热性能。
所述前盖2上加工有能覆盖有效加热区且均匀分布的多个通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,可抵抗气冷过程高压气流高速冲刷。
所述发热体4为钼镧合金,通过绝缘支撑均匀固定在所述筒体3上,通过电极引出组件与加热变压器相连,实现均匀加热。
所述后盖5上加工有通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,可抵抗气冷过程高压气流高速冲刷,在后盖底板上安装有用于后小隔热屏滑动的导轨。
所述后小隔热屏6由底板和隔热屏组成,底板上安装有导向轮,后小隔热屏由气缸驱动,沿着所述后盖5上的导轨上下运动,可开启和关闭位于所述后盖5上的通风孔,其中隔热屏由钼板包裹陶瓷纤维构成。
所述的料台立柱7和料台横梁8的材质和强度能满足高温状态下额定承载量需求。
本发明实施例提供的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,能有效控制加热过程炉温均匀性、减少热量损失,同时也确保气冷过程的冷却性能。满足热处理工件组织、性能及变形的要求。
具体实施例的动作原理是:
图1所示,为炉胆在加热状态下的示意图。充氢后前小隔热屏1和后小隔热屏6关闭,此时前盖2和后盖5通风孔被封闭,炉胆内部形成封闭空间,加热过程中的气体对流被阻断,减少了炉胆内部气体与炉壳冷壁间的热交换,降低了热量损失,确保工件在加热的均匀性。
图2所示,为炉胆在冷却状态下的示意图。此时前小隔热屏1和后小隔热屏6开启,前盖2和后盖5通风孔被打开,炉胆内部与炉胆外部连通,形成气体流动回路。冷却时,炉内气体在风机驱动下,由炉胆外部经前盖2/后盖5通风口高速均匀吹向工件,进行强力热交换,载有热量的气体经炉胆后盖5/前盖2通风口流出,经过换热器冷却后,再次进入风机,通过上述过程的循环往复,使得工件快速冷却。当工件冷却到工艺设定温度时,可关闭风机,将炉内高压气体排出,完成冷却工艺过程。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其特征在于,该炉胆结构包括筒体,所述筒体的前端和后端分别设有前盖和后盖,所述前盖和后盖上分别设有前小隔热屏和后小隔热屏,所述筒体内设有发热体、料台立柱和横梁;
所述前小隔热屏通过铰链与所述前盖上的炉门连接,并连接有水平驱动气缸;
所述后小隔热屏安装有导向轮,所述后盖上安装有竖直方向的导轨,所述导向轮置于所述导轨上,所述后小隔热屏连接有竖直驱动气缸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其特征在于,所述前盖上加工有能覆盖有效加热区且均匀分布的多个通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,所述前小隔热屏水平运动开启或关闭所述前盖上的通风孔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其特征在于,所述后盖上加工有通风孔,通风孔处装有金属钼封边,所述后小隔热屏竖直运动开启或关闭所述后盖上的通风孔。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其特征在于,所述前盖、筒体和后盖均包括底板和复合隔热屏,所述复合隔热屏是由2层钼片和由不锈钢板包裹的陶瓷纤维构成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构,其特征在于,所述前小隔热屏和所述后小隔热屏均包括底板和隔热屏,所述隔热屏由钼板包裹陶瓷纤维构成。
CN202010243633.0A 2020-03-31 2020-03-31 一种带有气冷功能的真空氢气炉的炉胆结构 Pending CN111397361A (zh)

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