CN111389394A - 一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111389394A CN111389394A CN202010141510.6A CN202010141510A CN111389394A CN 111389394 A CN111389394 A CN 111389394A CN 202010141510 A CN202010141510 A CN 202010141510A CN 111389394 A CN111389394 A CN 111389394A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- monatomic catalyst
- dichloride
- chloride
- metal monatomic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 silver tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VXFRCHRNRILBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaethynylbenzene Chemical compound C#CC1=C(C#C)C(C#C)=C(C#C)C(C#C)=C1C#C VXFRCHRNRILBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([K])[Si](C)(C)C IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VCNIJYNHJPOKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,5,6-triacetylpyrazin-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=NC(C(C)=O)=C(C(C)=O)N=C1C(C)=O VCNIJYNHJPOKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SJRPYTYOXZUHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentaethynylpyridine Chemical compound C(#C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=N1)C#C)C#C)C#C)C#C SJRPYTYOXZUHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021634 Rhenium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSSVQAGPXAAOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K molybdenum trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo](Cl)Cl ZSSVQAGPXAAOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- LOIHSHVELSAXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-K trirhenium nonachloride Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)Cl LOIHSHVELSAXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UCXDWSTYBSBFFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene;ruthenium(2+);dichloride Chemical class Cl[Ru]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 UCXDWSTYBSBFFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WYGJTQGGQYPSQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diacetylhex-3-ene-2,5-dione Chemical group CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)=C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O WYGJTQGGQYPSQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UCCVBWRCVRMOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1=C(C(C)=O)N=C(C(C)=O)N=C1C(C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C1=C(C(C)=O)N=C(C(C)=O)N=C1C(C)=O)=O UCCVBWRCVRMOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QHGIKMVOLGCZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ge]Cl QHGIKMVOLGCZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexachloride Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001637 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZDRMMTYSQSIGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene Chemical compound C#CC1=CC(C#C)=CC(C#C)=C1 ZDRMMTYSQSIGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BADZVJMMENJNDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,6-tetraethylpyrimidine Chemical compound CCC1=NC(CC)=C(CC)C(CC)=N1 BADZVJMMENJNDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDRZDCYZCFRPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triethynylbenzene Chemical compound C(#C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)C#C)Cl)C#C)Cl QDRZDCYZCFRPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTIALQMJQYITHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triethynyl-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(C#C)C(F)=C(C#C)C(F)=C1C#C OTIALQMJQYITHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAGAGESCFZXSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloroosmium Chemical compound Cl[Os]Cl OAGAGESCFZXSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001350 scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/36—Rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/466—Osmium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/468—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法,该制备方法包括:在惰性气氛保护下,将多炔类化合物溶于非质子型溶剂中;在‑40℃以下条件下,加入有机强碱和金属盐前驱体,加热搅拌反应,而后进行固液分离取沉淀物;将沉淀物洗涤、干燥、研磨得到目标产物。本发明金属单原子催化剂的制备方法简单,合成周期短,通用性强,得到的金属单原子催化剂热稳定性好,金属单原子负载量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
单原子催化剂由于其特殊的电子结构和几何结构,可以最大限度地提高金属利用率,在小分子活化转化、有机催化、电催化等系列重要催化反应中展现出优异的性能。因此,提高金属单原子的负载量,从而提高催化效率已成为人们的广泛共识。石墨炔独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使其成为一种优秀的载体,制备高负载量的金属单原子分散石墨炔碳材料催化剂已成为一个热门方向。
但是由于金属粒子减小到单原子水平时,比表面积急剧增大,导致金属表面自由能急剧增加,并且随着负载量的增加,在制备和反应时极易发生团聚形成较大的团簇,从而导致催化剂失活等。因此,获得优良的稳定性和大的负载量是单原子催化剂制备和应用过程中所面临的巨大挑战。
从负载型单原子催化剂的制备方法来看,现有合成负载型单原子催化剂的主要方法包括共沉淀法、浸渍法、质量分离软着陆法、原子层沉积法。这些方法均为先合成载体,然后负载金属,最后进行后处理,合成步骤多,合成过程复杂,且无法实现单原子高负载。目前已报道的绝大部分单原子催化剂中单原子的负载量小于4wt%,其中,负载在石墨炔上的小于1wt%。因此,急需寻求一种合成工艺简单、可实现金属单原子高负载的催化剂制备方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、在惰性气氛保护下,将多炔类化合物溶于非质子型溶剂中;
S2、在-40℃以下条件下,向步骤S1所得的溶液中依次加入有机强碱和金属盐前驱体,加热搅拌反应,得混合液;
S3、将所述混合液进行固液分离取沉淀物,再将所述沉淀物洗涤、干燥、研磨,得到目标产物。
步骤S1中,通过惰性气氛的保护以隔绝氧化性气体;惰性气氛可为氮气、氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、氡气中的至少一种,一般采用氮气或氩气。
根据本发明的一些实施例,步骤S1中,所述多炔类化合物选自六乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三氯三乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三氟三乙炔基苯、四乙炔基乙烯、2,4,6-三乙炔基吡啶、2,4,6-三乙炔基-1,3,5-三唑、五乙炔基吡啶、2,4,5,6-四乙炔基嘧啶、2,3,5,6-四乙炔基吡嗪中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例,步骤S1中,所述非质子型溶剂选自正己烷、四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷中的至少一种。
步骤S2中,有机强碱为溶于水能发生完全电离的有机碱,一般采用还原性有机强碱。根据本发明的一些实施例,所述有机强碱选自甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾、二异丙基氨基锂中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例,所述有机强碱与所述多炔类化合物的摩尔比为(6~3):1。
根据本发明的一些实施例,步骤S2中,所述金属盐前驱体选自三氯化铁、二氯化钴、二氯化镍、氯化铜、氯化亚铜、二氯化锗、三氯化钼、三氯化钌、三(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌、对伞花烃二氯化钌二聚体、三氯化铑、二氯化钯、四氟硼酸银、六氟磷酸银、氯化铟、氯化锡、氯化亚锡、六氯化钨、三氯化铼、二氯化鋨、三氯化铱、二氯化铂、四氢噻吩氯化亚金、氯化铅中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例,所述金属盐前驱体与所述多炔类化合物的摩尔比为(6~1):1。
根据本发明的一些实施例,步骤S2中,加热搅拌反应过程的加热温度为60~80℃。搅拌反应时间一般为6~24h。
另外,在步骤S2中,向步骤S1所得的溶液中依次加入有机强碱和金属盐前驱体后可先搅拌反应一段时间(一般为2h),再进行加热搅拌反应。
根据本发明的一些实施例,步骤S3中,洗涤所用到的溶剂选自去离子水、乙醇、丙酮中的至少一种。洗涤可以是一种或多种方式的组合,或多种方式的循环使用,每种方式洗涤的次数可为1~2遍。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种金属单原子催化剂,由以上任一种金属单原子催化剂的制备方法制得。该金属单原子催化剂具体为以石墨炔碳材料为载体的金属单原子催化剂,金属单原子均分分散在石墨炔上,金属单原子的负载量可通过金属盐前驱体的加入量灵活调控。相应地,对应于金属盐前驱体,金属单原子可包括Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ge、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、In、Sn、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Pb等。
本发明的有益技术效果是:
1、本发明金属单原子催化剂的制备方法采用“一锅法”一次制备目标产物,其具体通过金属盐前驱体与多炔类化合物在有机强碱存在下反应产生金属单原子负载石墨炔,相比于现有先合成石墨炔再负载的单原子催化剂制备方法,制备工艺流程简单,便于操作,制备周期短,能耗低,环境友好,适合工业化应用;且适用金属范围广,通用性强。
2、通过本发明制备方法制备金属单原子催化剂,金属单原子在石墨炔上的负载量在10wt%~40wt%之间,负载量高,可显著提高金属单原子催化剂的催化性能,并且可基于金属盐前驱体的加入量灵活调控金属单原子的负载量。
3、通过本发明的制备方法,金属单原子与石墨炔的炔键相互作用,使金属单原子具有良好的分散性,无团簇或纳米粒子出现;金属单原子均匀分散也可保证具有较高的活性位点密度和金属利用率;此外,通过金属单原子与石墨炔载体之间的强相互作用使最终金属单原子催化剂具有优异的热稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图做简单说明。
图1是本发明金属单原子催化剂一实施例的制备过程反应原理图;
图2是实施例3所制得金属单原子催化剂的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图3是实施例4所制得金属单原子催化剂的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图4是实施例5所制得金属单原子催化剂的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图5是实施例6所制得金属单原子催化剂的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图6是实施例11所制得金属单原子催化剂的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图7是实施例3所制得金属单原子催化剂经400℃热处理后的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图8是实施例5所制得金属单原子催化剂经400℃热处理后的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像;
图9是实施例11所制得金属单原子催化剂经400℃热处理后的扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场像。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物六乙炔基苯(22mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL正己烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入甲醇钠固体(32.4mg,0.6mmol),在此温度下,加入三氯化铁(32.4mg,0.2mmol)的正己烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,80℃油浴加热搅拌6h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到灰黑固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到黑色目标产物33.2mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铁的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得铁的负载量为16.4wt%。
实施例2
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物六乙炔基苯(22mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入乙醇钠固体(40.8mg,0.6mmol),在此温度下,加入二氯化钴(39.0mg,0.3mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌12h,得到黑色悬浊液;将悬浊液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到灰黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物39.7mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属钴的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得钴的负载量为22.3wt%。
实施例3
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物1,3,5-三乙炔基苯(15mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL三氯甲烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入叔丁醇钾(33.6mg,0.3mmol),在此温度下,加入氯化亚铜(29.7mg,0.3mmol)的三氯甲烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,60℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到深红褐色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到深红褐色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物34.0mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铜的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得铜的负载量为40.3wt%。
实施例4
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物1,3,5-三乙炔基苯(15mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL正己烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(0.3mL,1M),在此温度下,加入三(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌(96.0mg,0.15mmol)的正己烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,80℃油浴加热搅拌12h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物30.2mg。该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属钌的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得钌的负载量为25.1wt%。
实施例5
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物1,3,5-三氯三乙炔基苯(25.3mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾的四氢呋喃溶液(0.3mL,1M),在此温度下,加入三氯化铑(31.4mg,0.15mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物40.8mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铑的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得铑的负载量为18.9wt%。
实施例6
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔化合物1,3,5-三氟三乙炔基苯(20.4mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL三氯甲烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入甲醇钠固体(16.2mg,0.3mmol),在此温度下,加入二氯化钯(26.6mg,0.15mmol)的三氯甲烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,60℃油浴加热搅拌6h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物36.3mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属钯的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得钯的负载量为21.9wt%。
实施例7
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物四乙炔基乙烯(12.4mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL正己烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(0.4mL,1M),在此温度下,加入三氯化钼(27.0mg,0.13mmol)的正己烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,80℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物24.9mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属钼的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属钼的负载量为25.1wt%。
实施例8
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物2,4,6-三乙炔基吡啶(15.1mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾的四氢呋喃溶液(0.3mL,1M),在此温度下,加入六氟磷酸银(75.8mg,0.3mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌18h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物47.5mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属银的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属银的负载量为24.1wt%。
实施例9
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物2,4,6-三乙炔基-1,3,5-三唑(15.3mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL三氯甲烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入叔丁醇钾(33.6mg,0.3mmol),在此温度下,加入三氯化铼(29.3mg,0.1mmol)的三氯甲烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,60℃油浴加热搅拌16h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物33.9mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铼的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属铼的负载量为27.4wt%。
实施例10
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物五乙炔基吡啶(19.9mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL正己烷的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入甲醇钠固体(27.0mg,0.5mmol),在此温度下,加入二氯化锇(65.3mg,0.25mmol)的正己烷溶液,搅拌反应2h,75℃油浴加热搅拌6h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物67.4mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属锇的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属锇的负载量为25.2wt%。
实施例11
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物2,4,5,6-四乙炔基嘧啶(17.6mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二异丙基氨基锂的四氢呋喃溶液(0.4mL,1M),在此温度下,加入三氯化铱(38.8mg,0.13mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,65℃油浴加热搅拌12h,得到黑色混合液;将黑色混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物42.6mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铱的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属铱的负载量为19.3wt%。
实施例12
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物2,3,5,6-四乙炔基吡嗪(17.6mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾的四氢呋喃溶液(0.4mL,1M),在此温度下,加入二氯化铂(53.2mg,0.2mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物56.6mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铂的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属铂的负载量为10.5wt%。
实施例13
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔化合物六乙炔基苯(22mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(0.6mL,1M),在此温度下,加入四氢噻吩氯化亚金(192mg,0.6mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌10h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到灰黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物140.2mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属金的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金的负载量为28.1wt%。
实施例14
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物六乙炔基苯(22mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(0.6mL,1M),在此温度下,加入四氢噻吩氯化亚金(64.0mg,0.2mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌12h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到灰黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物61.4mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属金的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金的负载量为32.1wt%。
实施例15
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物六乙炔基苯(22mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(0.6mL,1M),在此温度下,加入四氢噻吩氯化亚金(32.0mg,0.1mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,70℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到灰黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物41.7mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属金的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金的负载量为23.6wt%。
实施例16
一种金属单原子催化剂,其具体制备方法包括:
惰性气体条件下,将多炔类化合物2,4,5,6-四乙炔基嘧啶(17.6mg,0.1mmol)加入到盛有20mL四氢呋喃的Schlenk瓶中,在-80℃下,加入二异丙基氨基锂的四氢呋喃溶液(0.4mL,1M),在此温度下,加入氯化铅(55.6mg,0.2mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应2h,65℃油浴加热搅拌24h,得到黑色混合液;将混合液冷却至室温,离心除去上层清液,加入30mL去离子水,超声分散,再次离心,分别采用乙醇和丙酮重复以上操作各一次,得到黑色固体,干燥后进行研磨,得到目标产物42.6mg,该黑色目标产物即为金属单原子催化剂,具体为负载单原子金属铅的石墨炔材料。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得金属铅的负载量为21.3wt%。
以上实施例1~16金属单原子催化剂的制备过程,反应原理类似于图1所示。图1为本发明金属原子催化剂一实施例的制备过程反应原理图,其中选取六乙炔基苯为单体,KOtBu为有机碱,氯化铜为金属前驱体。制备过程中,首先,多炔类化合物A与有机强碱发生酸碱反应生成多炔碱金属盐B,然后多炔碱金属盐B与金属盐前驱体发生金属交换反应得到产物C,产物C在热力学上不稳定,发生了自身氧化还原反应得到更加稳定的金属原子和石墨炔,金属单原子与石墨炔的炔键相互作用,负载于石墨炔上,最终得到目标产物D。
采用扫射透射电子显微镜分别检测实施例3、4、5、6、11所制得的金属单原子催化剂,所得结果分别如图2~图6所示;然后分别将实施例3、5、11所制得的金属单原子催化剂在氮气气氛下,400℃管式炉高温处理1h,再采用扫描透射电子显微镜分别检测高温处理前后的金属单原子催化剂,所得结果分别如图7、图8、图9所示。由图2、图4、图6分别与图7、图8、图9对比可知,实施例3、5、11金属单原子催化剂经高温焙烧后依然保持原子级分散,说明本发明中金属单原子与石墨炔载体之间的强相互作用使金属单原子催化剂具有优异的热稳定性。
本发明金属单原子催化剂的制备方法简单,合成周期短,通用性强,得到的金属单原子催化剂中金属单原子负载量高;且其中以石墨炔为载体,石墨炔具有独特的sp和sp2杂化碳原子连接构成的平面网络状结构,因而具备高度共轭的骨架结构,均匀分布的孔隙和可以调节的π电子结构,因此相比于普通碳材料如炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯等,石墨炔上负载金属单原子后得到的复合材料在二氧化碳还原、氮气还原、氧还原等领域均显示出了许多优越性质和性能。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明,但所属领域的技术人员应该明白,在不脱离所述权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内,在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化,均为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、在惰性气氛保护下,将多炔类化合物溶于非质子型溶剂中;
S2、在-40℃以下条件下,向步骤S1所得的溶液中依次加入有机强碱和金属盐前驱体,加热搅拌反应,得混合液;
S3、将所述混合液进行固液分离取沉淀物,再将所述沉淀物洗涤、干燥、研磨,得到目标产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述多炔类化合物选自六乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三氯三乙炔基苯、1,3,5-三氟三乙炔基苯、四乙炔基乙烯、2,4,6-三乙炔基吡啶、2,4,6-三乙炔基-1,3,5-三唑、五乙炔基吡啶、2,4,5,6-四乙炔基嘧啶、2,3,5,6-四乙炔基吡嗪中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述非质子型溶剂选自正己烷、四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述有机强碱选自甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾、二异丙基氨基锂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机强碱与所述多炔类化合物的摩尔比为(6~3):1。
6.根据权利要求1所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述金属盐前驱体选自三氯化铁、二氯化钴、二氯化镍、氯化铜、氯化亚铜、二氯化锗、三氯化钼、三氯化钌、三(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌、对伞花烃二氯化钌二聚体、三氯化铑、二氯化钯、四氟硼酸银、六氟磷酸银、氯化铟、氯化锡、氯化亚锡、六氯化钨、三氯化铼、二氯化鋨、三氯化铱、二氯化铂、四氢噻吩氯化亚金、氯化铅中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属盐前驱体与所述多炔类化合物的摩尔比为(6~1):1。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,加热搅拌反应过程的加热温度为60~80℃。
9.根据权利要求1至7任一项所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,洗涤所采用的溶剂选自去离子水、乙醇、丙酮中的至少一种。
10.一种金属单原子催化剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1至9中任一项所述金属单原子催化剂的制备方法制得。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010141510.6A CN111389394B (zh) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | 一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010141510.6A CN111389394B (zh) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | 一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111389394A true CN111389394A (zh) | 2020-07-10 |
CN111389394B CN111389394B (zh) | 2022-10-21 |
Family
ID=71414972
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010141510.6A Active CN111389394B (zh) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | 一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111389394B (zh) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113070064A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种石墨炔基单原子催化剂的制备方法及其应用 |
CN113293402A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 浙江自贸区申舟环保科技有限公司 | 一种钌单原子/石墨炔膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN113501741A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-15 | 同济大学 | 一种氢取代石墨单炔材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115652260A (zh) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 湖南大学 | 一种单原子锗与少原子团簇的制备方法 |
CN115926118A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-07 | 宁夏大学 | 一种钯/共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法及其应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180061665A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods of forming semiconductor device structures including two-dimensional material structures |
CN109248712A (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 金属单原子掺杂纳米碳材料催化载体及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110743617A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-04 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种石墨炔基复合材料催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
-
2020
- 2020-03-04 CN CN202010141510.6A patent/CN111389394B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180061665A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods of forming semiconductor device structures including two-dimensional material structures |
CN109248712A (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 金属单原子掺杂纳米碳材料催化载体及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110743617A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-04 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种石墨炔基复合材料催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HETONG QI,ET AL: "Graphdiyne oxides as excellent substrate for electroless deposition of Pd clusters with high catalytic activity", 《JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY》 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113070064A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种石墨炔基单原子催化剂的制备方法及其应用 |
CN113293402A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 浙江自贸区申舟环保科技有限公司 | 一种钌单原子/石墨炔膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN113501741A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-15 | 同济大学 | 一种氢取代石墨单炔材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115652260A (zh) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 湖南大学 | 一种单原子锗与少原子团簇的制备方法 |
CN115652260B (zh) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-05-16 | 湖南大学 | 一种单原子锗与少原子团簇的制备方法 |
CN115926118A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-07 | 宁夏大学 | 一种钯/共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111389394B (zh) | 2022-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN111389394B (zh) | 一种金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN108246330B (zh) | 一种基于木质素/金属超分子组装构筑单原子催化剂的方法 | |
Sen et al. | Monodisperse rutheniumcopper alloy nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide for dehydrogenation of DMAB | |
Esmaeilifar et al. | Synthesis methods of low-Pt-loading electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems | |
CN110201696B (zh) | 一种多孔碳纤维担载高分散贵金属纳米颗粒的制备方法 | |
Sun et al. | A general approach to high-entropy metallic nanowire electrocatalysts | |
CN105839078B (zh) | 一种采用原子层沉积技术制备石墨烯纳米复合含能材料的方法 | |
CN109952153A (zh) | 生产包含金属间化合物的催化剂的方法和由该方法制成的催化剂 | |
CN111672521A (zh) | 一种过渡金属单原子材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
KR20210064782A (ko) | 금속 단일원자 촉매의 제조방법 | |
KR102123148B1 (ko) | 금속착물을 활용한 탄소껍질을 가진 금속 촉매의 합성방법 | |
CN110581281B (zh) | 一种应用于燃料电池领域的PdCu合金纳米催化剂及制备方法 | |
CN109616669B (zh) | 纳米钴/氮掺杂碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及其应用 | |
CN110624592A (zh) | 单原子金属-氮掺杂石墨烯聚集体的合成方法及其产品和应用 | |
CN114570401A (zh) | 一种氮掺杂碳负载金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN108084449B (zh) | 一种以Fe-MOFs为前驱体可控制备单原子和原子簇铁催化剂 | |
Wang et al. | Copper and palladium bimetallic sub-nanoparticles were stabilized on modified polyaniline materials as an efficient catalyst to promote C–C coupling reactions in aqueous solution | |
Shin et al. | Mechanistic insight into bis (amino) copper formate thermochemistry for conductive molecular ink design | |
JP3743801B2 (ja) | 貴金属系触媒担持導電性高分子複合体の製造方法 | |
Shen et al. | Ligand bridged MXene/metal organic frameworks heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic ammonia synthesis | |
CN108393500B (zh) | 一种Mo-Ni合金纳米粒子复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
Hao et al. | Selective Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Over Popcorn-Like Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Confined CuCo Bimetallic Catalyst | |
CN110787794B (zh) | 一种碳负载贵金属纳米颗粒复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
KR101629083B1 (ko) | 탄소-질소-산소 결합 구조를 포함하는 촉매 및 그 제조방법 | |
Tu et al. | Multi-functional hydrogen-and oxygen-capturing FeCo-NC catalyst with improved hydrogenation of nitroarenes and ORR activity |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20221221 Address after: No. 1088, Xili Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Southern University of Science and Technology Patentee after: SHENZHEN University Address before: No. 1088, Xili Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Southern University of Science and Technology Patentee before: Shenzhen Union Clean Energy Research Institute |