CN111387912A - 指示装置 - Google Patents

指示装置 Download PDF

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CN111387912A
CN111387912A CN201911341453.XA CN201911341453A CN111387912A CN 111387912 A CN111387912 A CN 111387912A CN 201911341453 A CN201911341453 A CN 201911341453A CN 111387912 A CN111387912 A CN 111387912A
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base
protrusion
operating member
rotation
rotating member
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CN111387912B (zh
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有田隆
小池保
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Fujitsu Component Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
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    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
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    • G06F3/0338—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of limited linear or angular displacement of an operating part of the device from a neutral position, e.g. isotonic or isometric joysticks
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    • G06F3/0362—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 1D translations or rotations of an operating part of the device, e.g. scroll wheels, sliders, knobs, rollers or belts
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    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/04—Controlling members for hand actuation by pivoting movement, e.g. levers
    • G05G1/06—Details of their grip parts
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    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04703—Mounting of controlling member
    • G05G2009/04711—Mounting of controlling member with substantially hemispherical bearing part forced into engagement, e.g. by a spring
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    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
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    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
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    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
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    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
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Abstract

一种指示装置包括：基部；操作构件，所述操作构件相对于所述基部可倾斜地设置，并且包括从内壁和外壁中的一个突出的突起部；以及旋转构件，所述旋转构件可旋转地设置在所述基部上，并且包括孔，当所述旋转构件与所述操作构件重叠时，所述突起部进入所述孔；其中当所述突起部根据所述操作构件的旋转而与所述孔的边缘接触时，所述旋转构件连同所述操作构件一起旋转，其中所述孔形成在所述突起部通过所述操作构件的倾斜而可移动的范围内。

Description

指示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及指示装置。
背景技术
存在着用于将坐标输入到诸如计算机、医疗设备和机床等各种装置的指示装置(例如，参见日本公开专利公布号2017-152038和2017-151990)。当使用计算机执行绘制时，需要指示装置以用于移动指示器，以及用于通过使用指示器来选择操作菜单。
在常规的内窥镜中，当可以在两个轴向方向上进行移动小型摄像机的操作时，性能是足够的。然而，由于近年来内窥镜具有内置的导管，因此需要仅用指尖就能实现更为复杂的操作。同样在作为机床示例的许多机器人中，也需要执行复杂的操作。此外，在上述装置以外的装置中，也需要使用指示装置来实现复杂的操作。
发明内容
指示装置需要设有用于在两个轴向方向上指定坐标的可倾斜旋钮和旋转编码器，以便在旋钮旋转时检测旋钮的旋转量。为此，指示装置的结构复杂，并且因此难以高精度地实现倾斜和旋转操作。
本公开的目的是提供在不使用复杂的结构的情况下可以高精度地实现倾斜和旋转操作的指示装置。
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了指示装置，其包括：基部；操作构件，所述操作构件相对于所述基部可倾斜地设置，并且包括从内壁和外壁中的一个突出的突起部；以及旋转构件，所述旋转构件可旋转地设置在所述基部上，并且包括孔，当所述旋转构件与所述操作构件重叠时，所述突起部进入所述孔；其中当所述突起部根据所述操作构件的旋转而与所述孔的边缘接触时，所述旋转构件连同所述操作构件一起旋转，其中所述孔形成在所述突起部通过所述操作构件的倾斜而可移动的范围内。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了指示装置，其包括：基部；操作构件，所述操作构件包括具有第一突起部的底座，并且相对于所述基部可倾斜地设置；以及外壳构件，所述外壳构件使所述第一突起部朝向所述基部偏置并容纳所述底座；其中第二突起部设置在所述外壳构件的内周表面上，从而避免了所述第一突起部通过所述操作构件的倾斜而可移动的范围，其中当所述第一突起部根据所述操作构件的旋转而与所述第二突起部接触时，所述外壳构件连同所述操作构件一起旋转。
效果
根据本公开，可以在不使用复杂结构的情况下高精度地实现倾斜和旋转操作。
附图说明
图1是示出指示装置的示例的外观图；
图2是示出指示装置的剖视图；
图3是示出指示装置的分解立体图；
图4是示出突起部与侧表面开口之间的位置关系的俯视图；
图5是示出在操作构件倾斜时突起部在侧表面开口中的移动的图；
图6是示出在操作构件旋转时突起部在侧表面开口中的移动的图；
图7是示出基部上的旋转构件的立体图；
图8是示出根据变型的旋转构件的底部的周边的图；
图9是示出旋转构件和圆顶彼此重叠的结构的剖视图；
图10是示出指示装置的另一个示例的剖视图；
图11是示出突起部与侧表面开口之间的位置关系的俯视图；
图12是示出旋转构件和圆顶彼此重叠的结构的剖视图；
图13A至图13E是示出旋钮的示例的立体图；
图14是示出指示装置的另一个示例的外观图；
图15是示出指示装置的另一个示例的剖视图；
图16是示出操作构件、弹簧、滑块和旋转构件的立体图；
图17是示出在操作构件倾斜时的突起部的移动的图；
图18是示出在操作构件旋转时的突起部的移动的图；并且
图19是示出其中光学传感器检测滑块的凹凸部件的结构的图。
具体实施方式
图1是示出指示装置200的示例的外观图。代码G1表示指示装置200的侧表面，并且代码G2表示其上表面。图2是沿图1中的线A-A截取的指示装置200的剖视图。图3是示出指示装置200的分解立体图。在图3中，省略壳体2。指示装置200用于输入坐标的计算机、需要复杂操作的诸如内窥镜和导管的医疗设备、诸如机器人的机床、用于视频游戏的控制器等。
指示装置200包括由操作者操作的操作部件1、壳体2、旋转部件3、盖4、弹簧5、支撑部件6、滑块7、接收部件8、以及基部9。旋转部件3、盖4、弹簧5、支撑部件6、滑块7和接收部件8被容纳在固定至基部9的壳体2中。用于指示装置200的材料的示例包括塑料和金属。
操作部件1是操作构件的示例。操作部件1包括半球形的圆顶10、从圆顶10的顶点向上延伸的轴11、以及设置在轴11的端部处的旋钮12。操作部件1和壳体2设置在基部9上。基部9设有用于检测输入到操作部件1的操作的电路。
操作者例如可以在用指尖触摸旋钮12的同时，使操作部件1在由箭头Da所指示的任意方向上以任意角度倾斜。操作者可以通过操作旋钮12来移动显示在屏幕上的指示器以指定坐标。
此外，操作者可以在用指尖握住旋钮12的同时，使操作部件1围绕轴11的轴线X如由箭头Db所指示那样旋转。从而，操作者可以选择例如显示在屏幕上的操作菜单。作为一个示例，轴11和旋钮12中的每一个具有圆柱形形状，但是也可以例如是多边柱。
旋转部件3是旋转构件的示例，并且形成为具有裙形横截面的圆筒形形状。旋转部件3相对于壳体2不固定，并且根据操作部件1的旋转操作而沿基部9在方向R上可旋转地设置。旋转部件3在其上部具有支撑部件6插入通过其中的圆形开口30，并且具有例如以相等间隔布置在外周表面上的四个开口31。
凹凸部件32沿方向R设置在旋转部件3的裙部上。凹凸部件32用于通过安装在基部9上的光学传感器91检测旋转部件3的旋转量，即旋转角度。
圆顶10与旋转部件3重叠，以从外部覆盖旋转部件3。当圆顶10与旋转部件3重叠时进入开口31的四个突起部13设置在圆顶10的内壁的下端处。突起部13的位置不受限制，只要突起部13中的每一个进入开口31即可。
图4是示出突起部13与开口31之间的位置关系的俯视图。代码G3表示圆顶10的上表面，并且代码G4表示旋转部件3的上表面。在图4中，操作部件1未相对于基部9倾斜。
突起部13从圆顶10的内壁101朝向圆顶10的中心突出，并且以相等间隔设置在内壁101上。作为示例，每隔90度设置突起部13。当圆顶10与旋转部件3重叠时，每个突起部13进入开口31中的一个。由于在操作部件1旋转时突起部13接触开口31的边缘，所以旋转部件3连同操作部件1一起旋转。尽管在该示例中突起部13的形状是大致长方体，但是其形状不限于此。
盖4固定在旋转部件3内侧的接收部件8上。弹簧5、支撑部件6和滑块7容纳在盖4中。
支撑部件6包括球形底座60和从底座60突出的杆状联接部件61。底座60设有向外突出的凸缘60a。由于联接部件61的一端插入并固定在圆顶10的顶点处的固定孔100中，所以支撑部件6根据操作部件1的倾斜而倾斜，并且根据操作部件1的旋转而旋转。尽管固定孔100和联接部件61通过装配或粘合进行固定，但是固定方法不限于此。底座60优选地是球形的，以确保支撑部件6的倾斜和旋转的容易性，但是可以具有其他形状，只要不阻碍支撑部件6的倾斜和旋转即可。
底座60放置在形成于接收部件8的凹部80中。凹部80的表面形成为与底座60的弯曲表面匹配。由于底座60和凹部80的表面形状彼此匹配，因此底座60由凹部80稳定地支撑，而无论支撑部件6的旋转或倾斜如何。由此，即使当操作部件1倾斜或旋转时，支撑部件6也可以支撑操作部件1。
滑块7是在一个端侧进行联接的双圆筒构件，并且根据操作部件1的倾斜而相对于基部9倾斜。储存弹簧5的凹槽70沿滑块7的外周边设置。弹簧5的靠近圆顶10的端部与盖4的下表面接触，并且滑块7被弹簧5朝向基部9偏置。
部分地暴露底座60的开口71设置在滑块7的靠近圆顶10的端部上。联接部件61通过形成在盖4的上表面上的开口40从底座60朝向圆顶10延伸。
盖4具有大致圆筒形形状，并且在其下端处具有向外突出的凸缘41。盖4重叠在接收部件8上，并且接收部件8重叠在基部9上。盖4与接收部件8一起固定在基部9上。盖4通过装配或粘合进行固定，但是固定方法不限于此。
底座60保持在凹部80上，并且支撑部件6根据操作部件1的倾斜而倾斜。此时，凸缘60a与开口71的边缘接触，并且根据支撑部件6的倾斜使滑块7倾斜。
由于滑块7被弹簧5朝向基部9偏置，所以当操作者从操作部件1放开手时，滑块7返回到初始姿势。从而，凸缘60a也返回到倾斜之前的位置，并且操作部件1也返回到倾斜之前的位置。支撑部件6通过弹簧5的偏置力将操作部件1保持在预先确定的姿势。
永磁体62嵌入在底座60中。多个磁电转换元件81设置在基部9上、在接收部件8的凹部80的下方。由于底座60的倾斜，由磁电转换元件81检测到的磁场根据永磁体62与磁电转换元件81之间的位置关系的变化而变化。因此，每个磁电转换元件81检测永磁体62的磁场的变化以获得底座60的倾斜角。
为了检测将操作部件1朝向基部9推动的操作，压敏传感器82可以设置在凹部80的底部处。传感器82检测从底座60所接收的压力。由于传感器82检测推动操作部件1的压力，所以传感器82例如可以用于检测用于确认输入的操作。压敏传感器82是第二检测器的示例。
用于检测推动操作部件1的压力的装置不限于传感器82，并且电开关90例如可以设置在基部9下方的外壳中。电开关90是第二检测器的另一个示例。
光学传感器91设置在基部9上，以便定位在凹凸部件32的下方。光学传感器91通过旋转部件3的旋转光学地检测凹凸部件32的移动，并根据凹凸部件32的检测产生脉冲。由光学传感器91产生的脉冲用于计算旋转部件3的旋转量。
将描述用于使操作部件1倾斜的操作。
图5示出当操作部件1倾斜时突起部13在开口31中的移动。操作者可以使旋钮12在如由实线箭头所指示的任意方向上倾斜。当旋钮12倾斜时，圆顶10也倾斜，并且因此突起部13如由虚线箭头所指示在开口31中移动。
开口31形成在突起部13通过操作部件1的倾斜可移动的范围内。因此，即使旋钮12倾斜到可移动的极限，突起部13也不与开口31的边缘接触并且不推动开口31。防止了突起部13通过操作部件1的倾斜而推动开口31的边缘、以及旋转部件3旋转。
如果旋转部件3通过操作部件1的倾斜而旋转，则凹凸部件32也旋转，并且由于凹凸部件32用于检测旋转部件3的旋转，因此可能错误地检测到旋转。然而，由于在操作部件1倾斜时突起部13不与开口31的边缘接触，因此防止了由操作部件1的倾斜而引起的旋转部件3的旋转，并且防止了在使操作部件1倾斜时旋转的错误检测。
将描述用于使操作部件1旋转的操作。
图6示出当操作部件1旋转时突起部13在开口31中的移动。无论操作部件1的倾斜状态如何，操作者都可以使旋钮12围绕轴线X如由箭头所指示那样旋转。当旋钮12旋转时，圆顶10也旋转，并且因此突起部13如由虚线箭头所指示在开口31中移动。
此时，突起部13与开口31的边缘接触，如由代码C所指示。因此，随着操作部件1旋转，由突起部13推动的旋转部件3在方向R上旋转。旋转部件3的旋转由光学传感器91检测。
图7示出基部9上的旋转部件3。光学传感器91安装在基部9上以便定位在旋转部件3的凹凸部件32的下方。
光学传感器91根据由光接收元件接收到的光来接通和断开输出信号。当凹凸部件32随着旋转部件3的旋转而如Dc所示那样旋转时，凹凸部件32中的凹部和凸部交替地定位在光学传感器91上，并且因此光接收元件的光接收状态交替地改变。光学传感器91基于光接收元件对光的开/关的检测而生成与凹凸部件32的旋转相对应的脉冲信号，并将其输出到外部电路(未示出)。外部电路基于脉冲信号来计算旋转量，即旋转部件3的旋转角度。
闩锁92设置在基部9上。闩锁92是弹性杆状构件，其从固定到基部9的根部920弯曲到末端921。末端921沿基部9的板表面自由移动。末端921以圆形形状扩张，并且被偏置以与凹凸部件32接合。
当凹凸部件32根据旋转部件3的旋转而旋转时，产生闩锁92撞击凹凸部件32的凹部的声音。由于当末端921进入和离开凹部时力发生变化，所以操作者在使操作部件1旋转时可以获得操作感。
旋转部件3可以设有孔33来代替凹凸部分32。图8示出根据变型的旋转部件3的底部的周边。孔33沿旋转部件3的旋转方向设置在图8的旋转部件3上。当孔33旋转时，相对于光学传感器91交替地输入和阻挡光，并且光学传感器91根据旋转部件3的旋转输出脉冲信号。外部电路可以基于脉冲信号来检测旋转部件3的旋转量。
基部9设有闩锁92a，所述闩锁92a是从根部920a弯曲到末端921a的弹性杆状构件。根部920a固定到基部9，并且末端921a相对于基部9在竖直方向上自由移动。末端921a以大致圆形形状膨胀，并且被偏置以与孔33中的任一个接合。
当孔33根据旋转部件3的旋转而旋转时，产生闩锁92a撞击孔33的边缘的声音。操作者在使操作部件1旋转时可以通过声音和力的变化获得操作感。闩锁92和92a是用于指示装置200的可选部件。
旋转部件3可以设有凹部31a来代替开口31，如后所述。
图9是示出其中旋转部件3和圆顶10彼此重叠的结构的剖视图。旋转部件3设有凹部31a。开口31是不具有底部的通孔，但是凹部31a是具有底部的孔。因此，与具有开口31的旋转部件3相比，具有凹部31a的旋转部件3的强度提高。开口31和凹部31a是孔的示例。
在指示装置200中，圆顶10从外部覆盖旋转部件3。因此获得了灰尘难以进入旋转部件3内侧的效果。即，指示装置200可以防止灰尘进入旋转部件3的内侧。
旋转部件3可以从外部覆盖圆顶10。图10是示出指示装置201的剖视图。在图10中，与图2中相同的元件由相同的附图标记表示，并且省略其描述。指示装置201的外观与图1的指示装置200的外观基本上相同。
与圆顶10不同，圆顶10a与旋转部件3的内侧重叠。由于圆顶10a的外壁102面对旋转部件3的内周表面，所以突起部13a被设置成从外壁102向外突出。作为示例，每隔90度设置突起部13a。当圆顶10a与旋转部件3重叠时，突起部13a进入开口31。
图11是示出突起部13a与开口31之间的位置关系的俯视图。代码G5表示圆顶10a的上表面，并且代码G6表示旋转部件3的上表面。图11示出操作部件1未相对于基部9倾斜的状态。
突起部13a从外壁102向外突出，并且以相等间隔设置。当圆顶10a在旋转部件3上重叠时，突起部13a进入开口31。由于在操作部件1旋转时如在图6的情况中那样每个突起部13a接触开口31的边缘，所以旋转部件3连同操作部件1一起旋转。
当操作部件1倾斜时，每个突起部13a如在图5的情况中那样在开口31中移动。由于开口31形成在突起部13a通过操作部件1的倾斜而可移动的范围内，所以即使旋钮12倾斜到可移动的极限，突起部13也不与开口31的边缘接触。因此，防止了通过操作部件1的倾斜而引起的旋转部件3的旋转，并且防止了在使操作部件1倾斜时旋转的错误检测。
即使如后所述那样凹部31b设置在旋转部件3中来代替开口31时，也同样可以获得该效果。
图12是示出其中旋转部件3和圆顶10a彼此重叠的结构的剖视图。旋转部件3设有凹部31b。由于每个凹部31b是具有底部的孔，所以与包括不具有底部的开口31的旋转部件3相比，具有凹部31b的旋转部件3的强度提高。凹部31b是孔的示例。
由于突起部13或13a根据操作部件1的旋转而与开口31或凹部31a或31b的边缘接触，所以旋转部件3连同操作部件1一起旋转。每个开口31或每个凹部31a或31b形成在突起部13或13a通过操作部件1的倾斜而可移动的范围内。
根据以上构型，可以通过操作部件1和旋转部件3的互锁来使指示装置200和201旋转。由于通过操作部件1的倾斜而引起的旋转部件3的旋转受到抑制，所以即使在操作者使操作部件1倾斜时也未检测到旋转。因此，根据指示装置200和201，可以在不使用复杂结构的情况下高精度地实现倾斜和旋转操作。
根据指示装置201，由于圆顶10a与旋转部件3的内侧重叠，所以可以使圆顶10a小于圆顶10，并且可以使指示装置201在高度上减小。
将描述旋钮12的形状的示例。
图13A至图13E是示出旋钮12的示例的立体图。图13A至图13E示出旋钮G7至G11，其例如在人机工程学上提高可操作性。
凹部120设置在旋钮G7的上表面上。凹部120形成为配合操作者的指尖，并且操作者可以容易地使操作部件1倾斜。
用作止滑件的突起部121设置在旋钮G8的上表面上。突起部121防止操作者的错误操作。
从中心径向延伸的线性突出部件122设置在旋钮G9的上表面上。突出部件122防止操作者的错误操作。
呈螺旋状延伸的突出部件123设置在旋钮G10的侧表面上。当操作者用手指拾起并旋转旋钮G10时，突出部件123配合手指以与手指缠在一起，从而可以进行高精度的旋转操作。旋钮G10的上表面可以具有旋钮G7至G9以及稍后描述的旋钮G11的形状。
向上突出的突起部124设置在旋钮G11的上表面的端部处。操作者可以通过用手指保持突起部124的同时旋转突起部124来容易地旋转旋钮G11。
图14是示出指示装置202的外观图。代码G12表示指示装置202的侧表面，并且代码G13表示指示装置202的上表面。
图15是沿图14中的线B-B截取的指示装置202的剖视图。在图15中，与图2中的相同的元件由相同的附图标记表示，并且省略其描述。
指示装置202包括操作部件1a、壳体2a、旋转部件3a、弹簧5、滑块7a、接收部件8、以及基部9。操作部件1a包括轴16和设置在轴16的端部处的旋钮15。壳体2a固定到基部9。
操作部件1a是操作构件的示例，并且包括球形底座17、从底座17延伸的轴16、以及设置在轴16的末端处的旋钮15。在操作部件1a中，旋钮15连接到轴16的末端。旋钮15可以具有图13A至图13E所示的形状中的任一种，但是旋钮15的形状不限于这些。
底座17放置在凹部80中，以便可相对于基部9倾斜。凹部80的表面形成为与底座17的弯曲表面匹配。永磁体170嵌入在底座17中。通过利用磁电转换元件81检测永磁体170的磁场的变化来检测底座17的倾斜角度。
底座17容纳在滑块7a中。滑块7a是外壳构件的示例，是类似于滑块7的双圆筒构件，并且沿外周边具有凹槽70a。凹槽70a容纳弹簧5，所述弹簧5向滑块7a施加偏置力以维持操作部件1a的姿势。
弹簧5的上端与壳体2a的内表面接触，并且滑块7a朝向基部9偏置。突起部18以相等间隔设置在底座17的外周边上。当底座17倾斜时，突起部18与设置在滑块7a的上端处的开口71a的边缘接触。此时，突起部18通过偏置力被朝向基部9推动。因此，滑块7a通过使突起部18朝向基部9偏置来保持操作部件1a的姿势。
滑块7a容纳在圆筒形旋转部件3a中。旋转部件3a未固定到基部9和壳体2a，沿基部9的表面顺时针或逆时针可旋转地设置，并连同滑块7a的旋转一起旋转。
图16是示出待容纳在壳体2中的操作部件1a、弹簧5、滑块7a和旋转部件3a的立体图。底座17保持在开口71a中。突起部18每隔90度设置在底座17的外周边上。弹簧5容纳在凹槽70a中，并且使滑块7a朝向基部9偏置。
凹凸部件72设置在滑块7a的外周表面上。凹凸部件72例如由在大致垂直于基部9的方向上延伸的平行凹槽形成。滑块7a容纳在旋转部件3a中。
由在大致垂直于基部9的方向上延伸的平行凹槽形成的凹凸部件34设置在旋转部件3a的内周表面上。当滑块7a容纳在旋转部件3a中时，旋转部件3a的内周表面面向滑块7a的外周表面，并且滑块7a和旋转部件3a的凹凸部件72和34彼此接合。滑块7a的旋转通过彼此接合的凹凸部件72和34而传递到旋转部件3a。
用于检测旋转部件3a的旋转的凹凸部件32a设置在旋转部件3a的外周表面上。光学传感器91输出与凹凸部件32a的位置或旋转相对应的脉冲信号，并且可以基于脉冲信号检测旋转部件3a的旋转量。如在图8的情况中那样，孔可以设置在旋转部件3a中来代替凹凸部件32a。
滑块7a连同操作部件1a的旋转一起旋转。在下文中，将描述使操作部件1a倾斜和旋转的操作。
图17示出当操作部件1a倾斜时突起部18的移动。图17是沿图15中的线C-C截取的剖视图。
操作者可以在如由径向箭头d所指示的任意方向上使旋钮15倾斜。当旋钮15倾斜时，底座17也倾斜。因此，存在突起部18在如由箭头Ra和Rb所指示的周向上在滑块7a内侧移动的可能性。
然而，即使当旋钮15倾斜到可移动的极限时，突起部18也不接触并按压突起部73。这是因为突起部73形成为避免了突起部18通过操作部件1的倾斜而可移动的范围。因此，防止了突起部18通过操作部件1a的倾斜来推动突起部73以使滑块7a旋转。
图18示出当操作部件1a旋转时突起部18的移动。图18是沿图15中的线C-C截取的剖视图。
无论操作部件1a的倾斜如何，操作者都可以旋转旋钮15。当旋钮15如箭头R所指示逆时针旋转时，底座17也旋转，并且每个突起部18在由箭头r所指示的方向上从虚线指示的位置移动。
此时，移动的突起部18与从滑块7a突出的突起部73接触。为此，滑块7a通过突起部18的旋转而被推动，并在方向R’上旋转。因此，指示装置202可以连同操作部件1a的旋转而使滑块7a旋转，并且具有与指示装置200和201相同的效果。
当滑块7a旋转时，旋转部件3a通过彼此接合的凹凸部件72和34也旋转。由于光学传感器91根据旋转部件3a的旋转而输出与对凹凸部件32a的检测相对应的脉冲信号，所以可以通过脉冲信号检测旋转量。
光学传感器91可以检测凹凸部件72，而不是凹凸部件32a。图19示出其中光学传感器91检测凹凸部件72的结构的示例。图19示出图15的C-C横截面中的凹凸部件72的附近部位。在图19中，省略旋转部件3a和壳体2a。
子基部95竖立在基部9上，以便面向滑块7a的外周表面。面向凹凸部件72并根据滑块7a的旋转来检测凹凸部件72的光学传感器91安装在子基部95上。响应于对凹凸部件72的检测，可以通过从光学传感器91输出的脉冲信号来检测滑块7a的旋转量。光学传感器91是检测器的示例。
根据该示例，不需要旋转部件3a，并且减小了安装指示装置202所需的空间。
如上所述，详细地说明本发明的实施例。然而，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，本发明不限于具体公开的实施例和变型，而是可以包括其他实施例和变型。

Claims (7)

1.一种指示装置(200、201)，其特征在于，所述指示装置包括：
基部(9)；
操作构件(1)，所述操作构件(1)相对于所述基部可倾斜地设置，并且包括从内壁和外壁中的一个突出的突起部(13、13a)；以及
旋转构件(3)，所述旋转构件(3)可旋转地设置在所述基部上，并且包括孔(31、31a、31b)，当所述旋转构件与所述操作构件重叠时，所述突起部进入所述孔；
其中，当所述突起部根据所述操作构件的旋转而与所述孔的边缘接触时，所述旋转构件连同所述操作构件一起旋转，
其中，所述孔形成在所述突起部通过所述操作构件的倾斜而可移动的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的指示装置(200、201)，其中
所述突起部(13)从所述操作构件的内壁(101)突出，并且所述操作构件与所述旋转构件重叠以便从外部覆盖所述旋转构件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的指示装置(200、201)，其中
所述旋转构件包括沿所述旋转构件的旋转方向设置的凹凸部件(32)和孔(33)中的一个，并且
所述基部包括第一检测器(91)，所述第一检测器(91)基于所述凹凸部件和所述孔中的一个来检测所述旋转构件的旋转。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的指示装置(200、201)，所述指示装置还包括：
第二检测器(82、90)，所述第二检测器(82、90)检测所述操作构件被按压。
5.一种指示装置(202)，其特征在于，所述指示装置包括：
基部(9)；
操作构件(1a)，所述操作构件(1a)包括具有第一突起部(18)的底座(17)，并且相对于所述基部可倾斜地设置；以及
外壳构件(7a)，所述外壳构件(7a)使所述第一突起部朝向所述基部偏置并容纳所述底座；
其中，第二突起部(73)设置在所述外壳构件的内周表面上，从而避免了所述第一突起部(18)通过所述操作构件的倾斜而可移动的范围，
其中，当所述第一突起部根据所述操作构件的旋转而与所述第二突起部接触时，所述外壳构件连同所述操作构件一起旋转。
6.根据权利要求5所述的指示装置(202)，所述指示装置还包括：
旋转构件(3a)，所述旋转构件(3a)可旋转地设置在所述基部上，并容纳所述外壳构件，以使得所述旋转构件的内周表面面向所述外壳构件的外周表面，
所述旋转构件(3a)的内周表面包括第一凹凸部件(34)，并且所述外壳构件(7a)的外周表面包括待与所述第一凹凸部件(34)接合的第二凹凸部件(72)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的指示装置(202)，其中
所述外壳构件(7a)的外周表面包括凹凸部件(72)，并且
所述基部包括检测器(91)，所述检测器(91)基于所述凹凸部件来检测所述外壳构件的旋转。
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