CN111374318A - 一种食盐中添加的海藻碘 - Google Patents
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/60—Edible seaweed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/06—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Edible Seaweed (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,所述海藻碘含碘10‑12%,褐藻氨酸5‑6%、褐藻糖胶4‑6%、二十碳五烯酸2‑4%,甘露醇4‑8%。本发明还公开了这种海藻碘的制备方法。本发明的优点是:制备过程中使用酶进行酶解,而且选择三种最适合酶解海带的酶,选择合适的比例,酶解时间最短,效果最好。得到的海藻碘活性物质含量高,营养更丰富。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种食盐中添加的海藻碘。
背景技术
碘盐是指含有碘酸钾(KIO3)氯化钠(NaCl)。世界卫生组织推荐每人每天的食盐摄入量是6克,碘盐是指含有碘酸钾的氯化钠的食盐。由于中国大部分地区都缺碘,而缺碘就会引起碘缺乏病,所以国家强制给食用的氯化钠食盐中加入少量的含碘盐。但是目前的碘盐由于不好吸收,缺碘的地区食用还是没起到作用。
海藻碘和纯的有机碘相比更有利于人体的吸收,海藻碘中的无机碘可以快速被人体吸收利用,而有机态的碘更有利于储存利用。人体吸收的有机碘,可以在体内被分解,释放出碘,供甲状腺的需要,还可以结成脂肪或蛋白质的形式储存多余的碘,供需要时使用,氨基酸络合态的碘可以直接被吸收海藻碘中除含有20%左右的有机碘外,还含有甘露醇、小分子海藻糖和可溶性海藻淀粉等。被人体吸收的有机碘,可以在体内被分解,释放出碘,供甲状腺的需要,还可以结成脂肪或蛋白质的形式储存多余的碘,供需要时使用,络氨酸态的碘可以直接被吸收。海藻碘和纯的有机碘相比更有利于人体的吸收,海藻碘中的无机碘可以快速被人体吸收利用,而有机态的碘更有利于储存利用。无机态的碘虽然吸引比较容易,又可以直接进入甲状腺,但是多余的碘离子,机体不能储存,直接排除体外。因此海藻碘被越来越多的应用于食盐。
但目前提取过程中需要酸碱调节酸碱度,经常破坏海藻碘中的其它成分,因此需要一种温和的方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,作为食品添加剂,同时公开了这种氯化钾的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,所述海藻碘含碘10-12%,褐藻氨酸5-6%、褐藻糖胶4-6%、二十碳五烯酸2-4%,甘露醇4-8%。
优选的,使用海带为原料制备。
优选的,制备包括如下步骤:
1)取海带净化,加水50-60℃浸泡10-15小时;
2)步骤1)的浸泡液中加酶在温度为30-40℃浸泡4-6小时,然后浓缩,分离,得分离液,加水、放置在水中浸泡,收集浸泡液A;
3)在浸泡液A中加碱调pH值7.5-12、浸泡12-24小时、过滤、收集过滤液B;
4)在过滤液B中加入海藻酸盐,搅拌、离心、取分离液,蒸发、浓缩、分离,得分离液C;
5)在分离液C中加3-10倍的70%乙醇溶液、浸泡、浓缩、浓缩温度是30-70℃,冷却、分离,得海藻碘。
优选的,步骤2)加入的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的混合物,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的质量比为1:1:2。
纤维素酶(β-1,4-葡聚糖-4-葡聚糖水解酶)是降解纤维素生成葡萄糖的一组酶的总称,它不是单体酶,而是起协同作用的多组分酶系,是一种复合酶,主要由外切β-葡聚糖酶、内切β-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等组成,还有很高活力的木聚糖酶。作用于纤维素以及从纤维素衍生出来的产物。微生物纤维素酶在转化不溶性纤维素成葡萄糖以及在果蔬汁中破坏细胞壁从而提高果汁得率等方面具有非常重要的意义。
半纤维素主要由木聚糖和甘露聚糖组成,是饲料中的关键抗营养因子,可阻碍营养成分消化,降低动物生长性能。半纤维素酶为复合酶系,主要包括木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶,其功能是降解半纤维素,消除抗营养性。
三种酶都能很好的降解海带中的纤维素,尤其三种酶配合在一起效果更佳。
优选的,步骤4)中加入海藻酸盐的质量与过滤液B的体积比为5:30。
褐藻多酚是从褐藻中提取出的一类酚类化合物,是间苯三酚衍生物。其具有如抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒活性、抗肿瘤、抗心血管疾病、抗糖尿病综合症、保护肝脏以及抑制透明质酸酶赖氨酸酶等广泛的生物活性,对开发海洋药物具有重要意义。
二十碳五烯酸(EPA,Eicosapentaenoic Acid),是人体常用的几种Ω-3脂肪酸之一。相比于我们祖先的日常饮食,现在的日常饮食所含的Ω-3脂肪酸是相对不足的。我们的日常饮食中,Ω-3脂肪酸的主要来源是冷水鱼(例如野生鲑鱼)。鱼油补充剂也可以提高身体中EPA的浓缩度。增加EPA的吸收已经证实对治疗冠状动脉心脏病、高血压和炎症(例如风湿性关节炎)有效。
本发明的优点是:制备过程中使用酶进行酶解,而且选择三种最适合酶解海带的酶,选择合适的比例,酶解时间最短,效果最好。得到的海藻碘活性物质含量高,营养更丰富。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,所述海藻碘含碘10%,褐藻氨酸5%、褐藻糖胶6%、二十碳五烯酸2%,甘露醇4%。
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘制备包括如下步骤:
1)取海带净化,加水50℃浸泡15小时;
2)步骤1)的浸泡液中加酶在温度为30℃浸泡6小时,然后浓缩,分离,得分离液,加水、放置在水中浸泡,收集浸泡液A;
3)在浸泡液A中加碱调pH值7.5-12、浸泡24小时、过滤、收集过滤液B;
4)在过滤液B中加入海藻酸盐,搅拌、离心、取分离液,蒸发、浓缩、分离,得分离液C;
5)在分离液C中加3-10倍的70%乙醇溶液、浸泡、浓缩、浓缩温度是30-70℃,冷却、分离,得海藻碘。
步骤2)加入的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的混合物,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的质量比为1:1:2。
步骤4)中加入海藻酸盐的质量与过滤液B的体积比为5:30。
实施例2
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,所述海藻碘含碘12%,褐藻氨酸6%、褐藻糖胶4%、二十碳五烯酸2%,甘露醇8%。
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘制备,包括如下步骤:
1)取海带净化,加水60℃浸泡10小时;
2)步骤1)的浸泡液中加酶在温度为40℃浸泡4小时,然后浓缩,分离,得分离液,加水、放置在水中浸泡,收集浸泡液A;
3)在浸泡液A中加碱调pH值7.5-12、浸泡12小时、过滤、收集过滤液B;
4)在过滤液B中加入海藻酸盐,搅拌、离心、取分离液,蒸发、浓缩、分离,得分离液C;
5)在分离液C中加10倍的30-70%乙醇溶液、浸泡、浓缩、浓缩温度是30-70℃,冷却、分离,得海藻碘。
步骤2)加入的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的混合物,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的质量比为1:1:2。
步骤4)中加入海藻酸盐的质量与过滤液B的体积比为5:30。
实施例3
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,所述海藻碘含碘11%,褐藻氨酸5%、褐藻糖胶5%、二十碳五烯酸3%,甘露醇6%。
一种食盐中添加的海藻碘制备,包括如下步骤:
1)取海带净化,加水55℃浸泡12小时;
2)步骤1)的浸泡液中加酶在温度为35℃浸泡5小时,然后浓缩,分离,得分离液,加水、放置在水中浸泡,收集浸泡液A;
3)在浸泡液A中加碱调pH值7.5-12、浸泡18小时、过滤、收集过滤液B;
4)在过滤液B中加入海藻酸盐,搅拌、离心、取分离液,蒸发、浓缩、分离,得分离液C;
5)在分离液C中加6倍的70%乙醇溶液、浸泡、浓缩、浓缩温度是50℃,冷却、分离,得海藻碘。
步骤2)加入的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的混合物,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的质量比为1:1:2。
步骤4)中加入海藻酸盐的质量与过滤液B的体积比为5:30。
实施例4
实施例2海藻碘性能测试
表1海藻碘性能对比
由表1可知本发明的海藻碘的稳定性比碘酸钾强。
Claims (5)
1.一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,其特征在于,所述海藻碘含碘10-12%,褐藻氨酸5-6%、褐藻糖胶4-6%、二十碳五烯酸2-4%,甘露醇4-8%。
2.权利要求1所述的一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,其特征在于,使用海带为原料制备。
3.权利要求2所述一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,其特征在于,制备包括如下步骤:
1)取海带净化,加水50-60℃浸泡10-15小时;
2)步骤1)的浸泡液中加酶在温度为30-40℃浸泡4-6小时,然后浓缩,分离,得分离液,加水、放置在水中浸泡,收集浸泡液A;
3)在浸泡液A中加碱调pH值7.5-12、浸泡12-24小时、过滤、收集过滤液B;
4)在过滤液B中加入海藻酸盐,搅拌、离心、取分离液,蒸发、浓缩、分离,得分离液C;
5)在分离液C中加3-10倍的70%乙醇溶液、浸泡、浓缩、浓缩温度是30-70℃,冷却、分离,得海藻碘。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,其特征在于,步骤2)加入的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的混合物,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和葡聚糖内切酶的质量比为1:1:2。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种食盐中添加的海藻碘,其特征在于,步骤4)中加入海藻酸盐的质量与过滤液B的体积比为5:30。
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