CN111366733B - 骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用 - Google Patents
骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用;具体为:抑制OPN基因表达或阻断OPN与细胞受体结合,从而提高肠道中益生菌的数量;阻断OPN与细胞受体的结合或抑制Notch信号通路能提高细菌与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用。本发明证实了骨桥蛋白通过抑制细胞粘附因子的表达影响细胞与细菌之间的黏附作用,进而抑制了菌群在肠道中的定植。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以骨桥蛋白作为靶分子用于调节肠道菌群定植中的应用。
背景技术
人体肠道中存在着大量的细菌,数量超过1000万亿个。这些肠道菌群参与了宿主的营养吸收、能量代谢、免疫调节等生理过程,与宿主形成一种微生态系统。同时,宿主的健康状况、生活以及饮食习惯等也影响了不同细菌在肠道菌群中所占的比例。近年来,多项研究表明肠道菌群与多种人类疾病如糖尿病、高血压、高血脂、癌症、神经系统疾病等的发生、发展密切相关。人体肠道中不同细菌在其生长、增殖过程中产生的代谢产物被认为是一种影响宿主健康的关键因素。例如:一些“有益菌”可以通过代谢生成短链脂肪酸,直接或间接地起到抗炎、保护肠屏障功能、调节人体代谢与免疫等作用;而“有害菌”往往会在其生长、增殖的过程中释放外毒素或内毒素,引起宿主出现炎症、肠屏障功能损害或是代谢及免疫系统失调等症状。因此,调节有益菌群或有害菌群在肠道中的定植情况可以起到预防或治疗疾病的作用。
目前,主要利用小分子化合物、天然提取产物、糖类、益生菌或上述几类物质的混合物等对生物体肠道菌群进行调节或对由肠道菌群紊乱造成的疾病进行治疗,例如丙酰胺类化合物可以用于治疗肠道菌群紊乱相关疾病;大蒜素能显著提高动物肠道内益生菌的数量;几丁寡糖可以明显改善动物肠道菌群紊乱的情况;利用双歧杆菌以及副干酪乳酸杆菌等益生菌制备的制剂治疗动物肠道菌群失调引起的腹泻等。此外,蛋白类物质同样也具有调节机体肠道菌群的功效,例如从花生和大豆中提取的植物蛋白可以显著提高小鼠肠道中双歧杆菌、粪球菌等益生菌的数量,降低大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌等有害菌的数量;从牛奶中提取的乳清蛋白或其水解产物可以增加小鼠肠道菌群的生物多样性。
骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)是一种非胶原性骨基质糖蛋白,主要参与机体组织修复、自身代谢等过程。OPN可以在多种细胞中表达和分泌,包括骨细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、软骨细胞、神经细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、活化的T细胞、巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞等。OPN也存在于多种体液中,包括血清、乳汁、尿液、胆汁等。在病理状态下,如免疫性疾病、炎症和肿瘤等,机体中的OPN水平明显提升,这提示OPN在这类疾病中扮演了重要的角色。
然而,OPN是一种由哺乳动物细胞分泌的蛋白质,与上述已知的具有显著调节机体肠道菌群的物质存在明显区别,其是否可以作为一种靶点用于调控肠道菌群定植特别是提高益生菌在肠道中的定植以及其中的具体机制,目前尚未有相关研究报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用;本发明提供一种新的靶点,能够有效地用于调节菌群在肠道中的定植情况。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用。
作为本发明的骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用的改进:抑制OPN基因表达或阻断OPN与细胞受体结合,从而提高肠道中益生菌的数量;所述益生菌为乳酸杆菌。
作为本发明的骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在调节肠道菌群定植中的应用的改进:阻断OPN与细胞(肠上皮细胞)受体的结合或抑制Notch信号通路能提高细菌与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用;所述细菌为乳酸杆菌。
本发明首次提供了OPN作为调节肠道菌群定植的靶点。
经本发明人研究发现,实验动物血浆内OPN水平与其肠道内定植的菌群存在相关性。根据本发明的实验发现,在相同饮食条件下,不同种属的菌群与血浆中OPN水平呈正相关或负相关。在抑制实验动物OPN基因表达后,其肠道菌群的数量发生了显著性的改变,尤其是提高了乳酸杆菌等益生菌的数量。
进一步地,发明人发现OPN影响了细菌与肠上皮细胞之间的黏附作用。根据本发明的实验发现,在体外共培养实验中,阻断OPN与肠上皮细胞的结合可以显著性地提高细菌与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用。
本发明具有如下技术优势:
本发明证实了OPN可以影响菌群与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用,进而影响细菌在肠道中的定植。在阻断OPN与细胞受体结合或抑制OPN基因表达后,可以显著性地提高肠上皮细胞黏附因子的表达,增强细菌与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用,进而提高了实验动物肠道内菌群的数量,尤其是提高了乳酸杆菌等益生菌的数量。本发明证实了OPN可以作为一种有效调节肠道菌群定植的重要靶点。即,本发明证实了骨桥蛋白通过抑制细胞粘附因子的表达影响细胞与细菌之间的黏附作用,进而抑制了菌群在肠道中的定植。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
图1为相同饮食条件下,小鼠肠道菌群相对丰度与血浆中OPN水平的相关性。
图2为相同饮食条件下,小鼠肠道菌群中乳杆菌属相对丰度变化情况;其中“WT”为野生型小鼠,“KO”为OPN基因敲除型小鼠。
图3为乳酸杆菌与肠上皮细胞在不同条件下吸附后的显微镜观察结果;其中“BSA”为对照蛋白,“OPNAb”为OPN抗体,“rOPN”为商品化的重组OPN。
图4为乳酸杆菌与肠上皮细胞在不同条件下吸附后的qPCR、ELISA检测结果;其中图4(A)为细菌与细胞吸附后数量变化的结果;图4(B)为钙粘附蛋白E(E-cadherin)在基因转录以及蛋白表达水平的变化情况;图4(C)为整合素α2(Integrin alpha 2)的变化情况;“BSA”为对照蛋白,“OPNAb”为OPN抗体,“rOPN”为商品化的重组OPN。
图5为抑制OPN或其受体后肠上皮细胞的钙粘附蛋白E与整合素β的变化情况。其中“control”为对照组,“anti-αv”与“anti-α4”为整合素抗体,“anti-OPN”为OPN抗体。
图6为抑制Notch通路后肠上皮细胞中钙粘附蛋白E的变化情况。其中“BSA”为对照蛋白,“DAPT”为一种Notch信号通路抑制剂。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:OPN可以影响菌群在小鼠肠道内的定植
选取18只4周龄的C57BL/6小鼠,在相同饮食条件下饲养24周后测定小鼠血浆中OPN的含量,并对小鼠回盲部黏膜菌群进行16S rRNA测序。将小鼠血浆中OPN水平与菌群丰度进行关联性分析,结果如图1所示,其中欧陆森氏菌属(Olsenella)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、Turicibacter菌属、Barnesiella菌属、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)等菌群的丰度与血浆中OPN水平呈负相关,Mucispirillum菌属、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、另枝菌属(Alistipes)、Dorea菌属、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)等菌群的丰度与血浆中OPN水平呈正相关。
进一步地,分别选取12只4周龄的野生型及OPN基因敲除的C57BL/6小鼠,在相同饮食条件下饲养24周后对小鼠回盲部粘膜菌群进行16s rRNA测序,与野生型小鼠相比,OPN基因敲除小鼠回盲部粘膜菌群的数量发生明显改变,其中,如乳酸杆菌等益生菌的数量在OPN基因敲除小鼠的肠道中明显提升,结果如图2所示。
以上结果说明,OPN显著影响了菌群在实验动物肠道内的定植情况。
OPN基因敲除的C57BL/6小鼠,可购自Jackson公司(巴尔港,缅因州,美国)。
实施例2:OPN可以影响细菌与肠上皮细胞的黏附
选择肠上皮细胞HT-29与乳酸杆菌进行共培养。首先,将HT-29细胞铺至含有10%胎牛血清以及1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中进行培养,培养温度为37℃,CO2浓度为8%,置入二氧化碳培养箱中培养至细胞密度约为106个/孔。将乳酸杆菌接种至无抗生素添加的LB培养基中进行培养,培养温度为37℃,当生长至对数生长期时对其进行计数。将乳酸杆菌按照数量比100:1加入含有HT-29细胞的培养基中,然后再分别加入终浓度为1μg/mL的OPN抗体、OPN(重组OPN)以及对照蛋白BSA,共培养2小时后采用结晶紫对细菌及细胞进行染色,通过油镜进行观察。结果如图3所示,可以看出在细胞培养环境中加入对照蛋白BSA或补充更多OPN无法使乳酸杆菌与肠上皮细胞发生黏附作用,而当加入OPN抗体竞争性结合了细胞分泌的OPN后明显增强了乳酸杆菌与肠上皮细胞之间的黏附。
另外,还采用qPCR技术检测了在上述共培养过程中细胞与细菌的相对数量以及与黏附作用相关基因的转录情况,并采用ELISA技术检测了细胞上清液中与黏附作用相关蛋白的表达量,结果如图4所示。16S rRNA与18S rRNA的比值反映了细菌与细胞数量的比例,数值越高说明细菌的相对数量越多,反之则说明细菌的数量越低。从图4A中可以看出与图3相同的结果,即加入OPN抗体进行共培养的肠上皮细胞可以黏附更多乳酸杆菌,且与加入了BSA或OPN的肠上皮细胞相比具有显著性差异。采用qPCR、ELISA技术检测与细胞黏附因子相关的基因时发现,在加入了OPN抗体进行共培养的肠上皮细胞中钙粘附蛋白E与整合素α2的基因转录水平或蛋白表达水平显著性提高,而加入了OPN则明显抑制这两种细胞黏附因子的转录水平,结果如图4B、4C所示。这些结果表明,OPN可以抑制细胞相关黏附基因的转录及表达进而抑制细菌与细胞间的黏附作用。
实施例3:OPN通过结合细胞表面受体或在Notch信号通路的辅助下抑制细胞相关黏附因子的表达
将肠上皮细胞HT-29铺至含有10%胎牛血清以及1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中进行培养,培养温度为37℃,CO2浓度为8%,置入二氧化碳培养箱中培养至细胞面积约为孔板面积的60%。将终浓度为10μg/mL的OPN细胞表面受体αv、α4抗体、OPN抗体(用于抑制OPN与其受体结合)分别加入上述含HT-29细胞的培养液中,或加入DAPT(用于抑制Notch信号通路),终浓度分别为20μmol/L、40μmol/L。培养2h后向培养液中加入OPN,再继续培养24h后收集细胞以及培养液,采用qPCR或ELISA技术测定与细胞粘附相关基因的转录水平或蛋白表达水平。从结果中可以看出,通过αv、α4抗体或OPN抗体阻断OPN与其细胞表面受体结合(包括阻断受体或配体)可以明显提高钙粘附蛋白E的转录水平以及蛋白表达水平(图5A、图5B),同时可以提高整合素β的转录水平(图5C)。抑制Notch信号通路也可以显著性提高细胞粘附相关基因(钙粘附蛋白E、整合素β)的转录水平及蛋白表达水平(图6A、图6B),而对照蛋白BSA则无此效果。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在制备调节肠道菌群定植的制剂中的应用,其特征是:阻断骨桥蛋白与细胞受体的结合或抑制Notch信号通路能提高肠道菌群与肠上皮细胞的黏附作用;所述肠道菌群为乳酸杆菌。
2.骨桥蛋白作为靶分子在制备调节肠道菌群定植的制剂中的应用,其特征是:抑制骨桥蛋白基因表达或阻断骨桥蛋白与细胞受体结合,从而提高肠道中肠道菌群的数量;所述肠道菌群为乳酸杆菌。
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