CN111364043B - 一种磁粉芯防锈工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,涉及磁粉芯制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:1)磁粉芯经过表面钝化工艺去除油渍并实现表面钝化;2)将烷基硅烷偶联剂、催化剂和溶剂混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,随后将磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,实现表面疏水;3)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入防锈油,实现磁粉芯长期防锈;本发明使磁粉芯表面形成三层防锈膜,中间层为硅烷偶联剂层,其相当于桥梁的作用,一端通过Si‑O键牢牢地反应在磁粉芯表面,另一端通过长烷基链与防锈油牢牢结合在一起,且本发明使防锈油能够真正完全覆盖磁粉芯表面及内部孔道和缝隙,达到长效防锈的目的;并且,本发明工艺简单、环保,适合工业使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁粉芯制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种磁粉芯防锈工艺。
背景技术
磁性粉末主要指包含铁、铁硅合金、铁硅铝合金、铁镍合金、铁镍钼合金以及铁氧体等金属的粉末。磁粉芯是由铁磁性粉末与绝缘介质混合压制而成的一种复合软磁材料。磁粉芯具有易加工、低损耗的特点,被广泛应用于逆变器、电感器、变压器及扼流圈等电子元器件中,涉及电脑、手机、电源、电机等众多领域。
但是磁粉芯存在易生锈的缺点,目前抑制磁粉芯生锈的方法主要有喷漆和浸防锈油等。喷漆存在成本高、环境污染大的缺点,并且增加了制品的尺寸,降低了制品的电磁性能。浸防锈油具有成本低、无污染的优点,并且不会改变制品的尺寸。和普通铁制品相比,磁粉芯具有多孔结构,组成磁粉芯的磁粉粒径小,表面为亲水结构并且活性大,浸防锈油之所以难以实现长期防锈的原因在于防锈油难以进入磁粉芯内部,并且防锈油与磁粉之间的结合力较弱,导致防锈油在磁粉芯表面分布不均匀,暴露在空气中的磁粉芯容易与氧气和水分接触而生锈。
例如,中国专利 “一种刀具防锈工艺及其防锈刀具”,公告号CN101831654A,其公开了通过静电喷绘工艺将防锈剂喷射到刀具表面上,再经过高温烤制的方法制备防锈刀具,然而喷塑成本高、环境污染大,并且,该喷涂防锈剂进行防锈的方法无法应用于磁粉芯。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服直接浸防锈油的方法难以实现磁粉芯制品长期防锈的问题,并且克服喷漆成本高、环境污染大,并且增加制品的尺寸,降低了磁粉芯制品的电磁性能等问题,提出了一种磁粉芯防锈工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)磁粉芯经过表面钝化工艺去除油渍并实现表面钝化;
2)将烷基硅烷偶联剂、催化剂和溶剂混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,随后将磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,实现表面疏水;
3)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入防锈油,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。
本发明首先对磁粉芯进行表面钝化工艺处理,去除了磁粉芯表面的油污,并实现了磁粉芯表面的钝化,随后,在真空条件下磁粉芯表面接枝烷基硅烷偶联剂,实现了磁粉芯表面疏水化,最后在真空条件下浸入防锈油,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。通过上述工艺处理,磁粉芯表面形成三层防锈膜,中间层为硅烷偶联剂层,其相当于桥梁的作用,一端通过Si-O键牢牢地反应在磁粉芯表面,另一端通过长烷基链与防锈油牢牢结合在一起,使防锈油能够均匀牢固的吸附在磁粉芯表面,达到长效防锈的目的,相比于一般的直接浸入防锈油中,或者将硅烷偶联剂与防锈油混合再进行浸渍相比,本发明所述工艺的硅烷偶联剂桥架作用更加明显,配合真空条件下浸入防锈油,使得防锈油能够真正完全覆盖磁粉芯表面及内部孔道和缝隙,防止磁粉芯表面或内部任意位置的生锈。
作为优选,步骤1)所述表面钝化工艺为首先经过碱洗,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后再进行酸洗,最后用水清洗残留酸液。
采用碱、酸交替浸渍的方式能够实现磁粉芯更好的表面钝化。
作为优选,所述碱洗所用碱液为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硝酸钠、磷酸三钠中的一种或多种混合水溶液,质量浓度为10-70%。
作为优选,所述酸洗所用酸液为盐酸、磷酸、铬酸、硫酸、硝酸中的一种或多种混合水溶液,质量浓度为0.3-10%。
作为优选,步骤2)中所述烷基硅烷偶联剂为辛基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲乙基硅烷中的一种或多种。
本发明烷基硅烷偶联剂中的长烷基链能够与防锈油牢牢结合在一起,使得防锈油牢牢吸附在磁粉芯表面及内部孔道和缝隙。
作为优选,步骤2)中所述催化剂为甲酸、乙酸、磷酸、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种或多种。
催化剂能够加速硅烷偶联剂的水解,并且促进硅烷偶联剂水解产生的硅羟基与磁粉表面的羟基缩合,使得硅烷偶联剂的作用完全发挥。
作为优选,步骤2)中所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇中的一种或多种。
作为优选,所述烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,烷基硅烷偶联剂质量浓度为0.1-5%,催化剂质量浓度为0.3-3%。
作为优选,步骤2)和3)中所述真空条件的真空度为-0.05~-0.09Mpa。
作为优选,步骤3)所述防锈油为硅油、矿物油或酯类油中的一种或多种,其中所述矿物油为由石蜡基原油或环烷基原油生产的石蜡、矿物润滑油中的一种或多种,酯类油为合成酯、动植物油、热聚不饱和植物油和蓖麻油环氧乙烷缩合物中的一种或多种。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明使磁粉芯表面形成三层防锈膜,中间层为硅烷偶联剂层,其相当于桥梁的作用,一端通过Si-O键牢牢地反应在磁粉芯表面,另一端通过长烷基链与防锈油牢牢结合在一起,且本发明使防锈油能够真正完全覆盖磁粉芯表面及内部孔道和缝隙,达到长效防锈的目的;并且,本发明工艺简单、环保,适合工业使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例和对比例处理得到的磁粉芯氧化之后状态图,图中A为实施例1所处理的磁粉芯;B为对比例1所处理的磁粉芯;C为对比例2所处理的磁粉芯;D为对比例3所处理的磁粉芯。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1:一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)磁粉芯浸没于50wt%氢氧化钠溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后浸没于5wt%的磷酸溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,最后用水清洗残留酸液,并干燥,去除磁粉芯表面油渍并实现钝化;
2)将十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、氨水和乙醇混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,其中十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷质量浓度为5%,氨水质量浓度为2%;随后将磁粉芯在60℃,真空度为-0.05Mpa条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,30min后取出烘干,实现表面疏水;
3)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空度为-0.05Mpa条件下浸入矿物润滑油,浸泡30min后取出,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。
实施例2:一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)磁粉芯浸没于45wt%氢氧化钠与25wt%硝酸钠混合溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后浸没于5wt%磷酸与5wt%硝酸混合溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,最后用水清洗残留酸液,并干燥,去除磁粉芯表面油渍并实现钝化;
2)将辛基三甲氧基硅烷、乙酸和水混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,其中辛基三甲氧基硅烷质量浓度为1.5%,乙酸质量浓度为3%;随后将磁粉芯在60℃,真空度为-0.09Mpa条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,30min后取出烘干,实现表面疏水;
3)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空度为-0.09Mpa条件下浸入液体石蜡,浸泡30min后取出,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。
实施例3:一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)磁粉芯浸没于10wt%磷酸三钠溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后浸没于0.3wt%的盐酸溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,最后用水清洗残留酸液,并干燥,去除磁粉芯表面油渍并实现钝化;
2)将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、甲酸和甲醇混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,其中十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷质量浓度为0.1%,甲酸质量浓度为0.3%;随后将磁粉芯在60℃,真空度为-0.07Mpa条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,30min后取出烘干,实现表面疏水;
4)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空度为-0.07Mpa条件下浸入硅油,浸泡30min后取出,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。
对比例1:一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将磁粉芯浸没于50wt%氢氧化钠溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后浸没于5wt%的磷酸溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,最后用水清洗残留酸液,并干燥,去除磁粉芯表面油渍并实现钝化;
2)将磁粉芯浸入矿物润滑油,浸泡30min后取出。
对比例2:一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将磁粉芯浸没于50wt%氢氧化钠溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后浸没于5wt%的磷酸溶液中,在70℃下浸泡30min,最后用水清洗残留酸液,并干燥,去除磁粉芯表面油渍并实现钝化;
2)将2份十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷与100份矿物润滑油混合,制备得到含硅烷偶联剂的矿物润滑油;
3)将磁粉芯浸入含硅烷偶联剂的矿物润滑油,浸泡30min后取出。
对比例3:对实施例1的区别在于,磁粉芯在常压条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液和矿物润滑油。
将实施例和对比例进行防锈工艺处理后的磁粉芯置于85℃、85%水蒸气下氧化100h后观察表面生锈情况,结果如图所示。
图中可知,实施例1防锈工艺处理之后的磁粉芯(图1.A)在氧化之后表面未见明显斑点;对比例1中,未使用烷基硅烷偶联剂,得到的磁粉芯(图1.B)在氧化之后表面锈迹斑点明显;对比例2中,使用混有烷基硅烷偶联剂的防锈油对磁粉芯进行浸油,得到的磁粉芯(图1.C)在氧化之后表面锈迹斑点明显,说明在防锈油中混入烷基硅烷偶联剂再对磁粉芯进行浸油防锈效果不明显;对比例3中,与对实施例1的区别在于,步骤3)磁粉芯在常压条件下浸入矿物润滑油,此时防锈油未完全进入并覆盖磁粉芯内部,磁粉芯氧化之后如图1.D所示,也出现了锈斑。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)磁粉芯经过表面钝化工艺去除油渍并实现表面钝化;
2)将烷基硅烷偶联剂、催化剂和溶剂混合得到烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液,随后将磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,实现表面疏水;
3)将表面疏水的磁粉芯在真空条件下浸入防锈油,实现磁粉芯长期防锈。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤1)所述钝化工艺为首先经过碱洗,再用水清洗残留碱液,随后再进行酸洗,最后用水清洗残留酸液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,所述碱洗所用碱液为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硝酸钠、磷酸三钠中的一种或多种混合水溶液,质量浓度为10-70%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,所述酸洗所用酸液为盐酸、磷酸、铬酸、硫酸、硝酸中的一种或多种混合水溶液,质量浓度为0.3-10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述烷基硅烷偶联剂为辛基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲乙基硅烷中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述催化剂为甲酸、乙酸、磷酸、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,所述烷基硅烷偶联剂溶液中,烷基硅烷偶联剂质量浓度为0.1-5%,催化剂质量浓度为0.3-3%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤2)和3)中所述真空条件的真空度为-0.05~-0.09Mpa。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁粉芯防锈工艺,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述防锈油为硅油、矿物油或酯类油中的一种或多种,其中所述矿物油为由石蜡基原油或环烷基原油生产的石蜡、矿物润滑油中的一种或多种,酯类油为合成酯、动植物油、热聚不饱和植物油和蓖麻油环氧乙烷缩合物中的一种或多种。
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