CN111361238B - 一种汽车内饰复合材料 - Google Patents

一种汽车内饰复合材料 Download PDF

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CN111361238B
CN111361238B CN202010212716.3A CN202010212716A CN111361238B CN 111361238 B CN111361238 B CN 111361238B CN 202010212716 A CN202010212716 A CN 202010212716A CN 111361238 B CN111361238 B CN 111361238B
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automotive interior
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CN111361238A (zh
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李畅
朱谦
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Hubei Nanze Automobile Composite Material Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/413Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing granules other than absorbent substances
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
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    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107Ceramic
    • B32B2264/108Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
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    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种汽车内饰复合材料,包括基材层以及防护层,其中基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为6‑8:1;所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:聚丙烯纤维30‑50份;玻璃纤维50‑70份;膨胀石墨4‑8份;碳酸镁1‑3份;所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:牛皮纸2‑5份;酚醛树脂3‑6份;碳酸氢钾5‑6份;碳酸铝4‑5份。本发明提供的一种汽车内饰复合材料能够提高材料的综合性。

Description

一种汽车内饰复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于汽车内饰技术领域,涉及一种汽车内饰复合材料。
背景技术
汽车内饰(Automotive Interior)主要是指汽车内部改装所用到的汽车产品,涉及到汽车内部的方方面面,比如汽车方向盘套、汽车坐垫,汽车脚垫、汽车香水、汽车挂件、内部摆件、收纳箱等等都是汽车内饰产品,同时车顶的复合材料也属于其中之一。
车顶的复合材料板材不光只有装饰作用,他们所涉及到的功能性、安全性、以及工程属性是非常丰富的。其中目前最为常见的三种汽车车身的内饰板材包括有抗倍特板(高端车)、冲孔铝塑板(中高端)和高密度板(低端车);其中抗倍特板虽然美观、高档,但存在密度大、成本奇高的问题;而冲孔铝塑板在中端车型上普遍使用,但存在密度大、环保性能差、使用过程中与周围型材摩擦产生异响等影响乘客直观感受的问题;高密度板同样存在密度大、环保性能差的问题,同时吸潮会发生霉变、腐烂,严重影响乘客体验,综合性都较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种汽车内饰复合材料,旨在解决综合性差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种汽车内饰复合材料,包括基材层以及防护层,其中基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为6-8:1;
所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000011
Figure BDA0002423357580000021
所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000022
本发明进一步设置为,按质量份计,所述基材层中还添加有2-4份十溴二苯醚。
本发明进一步设置为,所述基材层的制作方法包括有:
S11,按质量份取聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维;
S12,对S11进行梳理;
S13,向梳理完成的聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维上撒膨胀石墨和碳酸镁;
S14,对聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维进行铺网和针刺;
S15,加压烘烤,形成基材层。
本发明进一步设置为,按质量份向所述S13中撒入十溴二苯醚。
本发明进一步设置为,所述S13中先将膨胀石墨碳酸镁和十溴二苯醚混合均匀后进行撒入。
本发明进一步设置为,所述碳酸氢钾和所述碳酸铝均位于所述牛皮纸与所述基材层之间。
本发明进一步设置为,所述防护层的制作方法包括有:
S21,按质量份取各原料;
S22,将酚醛树脂溶于醇溶液中;
S23,将碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝撒于平铺的牛皮纸上;
S24,将酚醛树脂和醇溶液浇于S23上;
S25,待醇溶液挥发完成后将基材层和防护层粘贴为一体。
本发明进一步设置为,所述醇溶液为甲醇或乙醇。
本发明进一步设置为,所述S25是在干燥的气氛中进行的。
本发明进一步设置为,所述碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝的摩尔比大于2。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种汽车内饰复合材料,当该复合材料使用在汽车内饰中时,该复合材料是连接在汽车外壳的内壁上的,同时通常在复合材料的内壁上还会粘贴一层起到装饰作用的层,比如色纸,从而起到美观、缓冲等效果。
其中首先由于复合材料作为主要部分的基材层的材料主要是由聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维混纺后,热压而成的,因此其总体的密度较小,符合目前提倡的轻质以及减排的要求;同时通过针刺热压成型等方式加工使得基材层的整体性更强;而且在遭遇火灾的时候,膨胀石墨能够受热后可迅速发生体积膨胀,从而起到隔绝氧气的作用;在基材层中的十溴二苯醚受热产生的溴化氢气体也可以起到吸热以及向外流出,从而起到阻隔氧气的作用;
不仅如此,当火灾发生的时候,防护层也受到了高温的作用,在这个过程中首先碳酸氢钾吸热发生分解,并产生了二氧化碳气体和水汽,其中由于复合材料整体外部是汽车的铁皮外壳,因此这部分气体就都会停留在汽车外壳内,此时碳酸铝与水汽之间发生反应,也生成二氧化碳,其中二氧化碳具有隔绝氧气的作用,从而能够防止火灾进一步的发生;同时水汽在较高温度的条件下也与碳酸镁之间发生反应,并也生成二氧化碳,也就是说在整个过程中,复合材料都会释放出二氧化碳以及一定的水汽,因此能够起到隔绝氧气,并且二氧化碳以及水汽和溴化氢气体流动的方向也是热源的方向,因此可以很好且持久地阻隔氧气,并阻止火灾继续发生的情况,而且由于这些反应都是吸热反应,也可以在一定程度上阻止火灾的继续发生或发展的速度。
其中,碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝的摩尔比大于2,所以碳酸氢钾受热分解后产生的水汽能够满足碳酸铝进行反应,同时多余的水汽还可以与碳酸镁之间进行反应。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明提出的一种汽车内饰复合材料作进一步详细说明。根据下面说明和权利要求书,本发明的优点和特征将更清楚。
实施例1
一种汽车内饰复合材料,包括基材层以及防护层,基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为6:1,其中防护层的厚度为1.7mm,其中基材层中的份数与防护层中的分数并不等同,二者仅在复合时选用厚度之间的关系进行粘接(即复合),即基材层中各个物料之间的份为同一个质量单位,防护层中各个物料之间的份为另一个相同的质量单位,比如基材层中的一份取用1kg,而防护层中的一份取用100g;
所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000041
所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000042
按质量份计,所述基材层中还添加有4份十溴二苯醚。
所述基材层的制作方法包括有:
S11,按质量份取聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维;
S12,对S11进行梳理;
S13,向梳理完成的聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维上撒膨胀石墨和碳酸镁;
S14,对聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维进行铺网和针刺,其中此时一层的质量大概为40-50g/米2,层数为20层;
S15,在280摄氏度,1min,8MPa,1min条件下加压烘烤,形成基材层。
按质量份向所述S13中撒入十溴二苯醚。
所述S13中先将膨胀石墨碳酸镁和十溴二苯醚混合均匀后进行撒入。
所述碳酸氢钾和所述碳酸铝均位于所述牛皮纸与所述基材层之间。
所述防护层的制作方法包括有:
S21,按质量份取各原料;
S22,将酚醛树脂溶于醇溶液中;
S23,将碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝撒于平铺的牛皮纸上;
S24,将酚醛树脂和醇溶液浇于S23上;
S25,待醇溶液挥发完成后将基材层和防护层通过胶水粘贴为一体。
所述醇溶液为甲醇。
所述S25是在干燥的气氛中进行的,防止碳酸铝与空气中的水汽之间发生反应。
实施例2
一种汽车内饰复合材料,包括基材层以及防护层,基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为8:1,其中防护层的厚度为1.5mm,其中基材层中的份数与防护层中的分数并不等同,二者仅在复合时选用厚度之间的关系进行粘接(即复合),即基材层中各个物料之间的份为同一个质量单位,防护层中各个物料之间的份为另一个相同的质量单位,比如基材层中的一份取用1kg,而防护层中的一份取用100g;
所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000051
所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000052
按质量份计,所述基材层中还添加有2份十溴二苯醚。
所述基材层的制作方法包括有:
S11,按质量份取聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维;
S12,对S11进行梳理;
S13,向梳理完成的聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维上撒膨胀石墨和碳酸镁;
S14,对聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维进行铺网和针刺,其中此时一层的质量大概为40-50g/m2,层数为30层;
S15,在150摄氏度,3min,5MPa,5min条件下加压烘烤,形成基材层。
按质量份向所述S13中撒入十溴二苯醚。
所述S13中先将膨胀石墨碳酸镁和十溴二苯醚混合均匀后进行撒入。
所述碳酸氢钾和所述碳酸铝均位于所述牛皮纸与所述基材层之间。
所述防护层的制作方法包括有:
S21,按质量份取各原料;
S22,将酚醛树脂溶于醇溶液中;
S23,将碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝撒于平铺的牛皮纸上;
S24,将酚醛树脂和醇溶液浇于S23上;
S25,待醇溶液挥发完成后将基材层和防护层通过胶水粘贴为一体。
所述醇溶液为乙醇。
所述S25是在干燥的气氛中进行的,防止碳酸铝与空气中的水汽之间发生反应。
实施例3
一种汽车内饰复合材料,包括基材层以及防护层,基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为7:1,其中防护层的厚度为1.6mm,其中基材层中的份数与防护层中的分数并不等同,二者仅在复合时选用厚度之间的关系进行粘接(即复合),即基材层中各个物料之间的份为同一个质量单位,防护层中各个物料之间的份为另一个相同的质量单位,比如基材层中的一份取用1kg,而防护层中的一份取用100g;
所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000061
所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure BDA0002423357580000062
按质量份计,所述基材层中还添加有3份十溴二苯醚。
所述基材层的制作方法包括有:
S11,按质量份取聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维;
S12,对S11进行梳理;
S13,向梳理完成的聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维上撒膨胀石墨和碳酸镁;
S14,对聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维进行铺网和针刺,其中此时一层的质量大概为40-50g/米2,层数为25层;
S15,在220摄氏度,2min,6MPa,3min条件下加压烘烤,形成基材层。
按质量份向所述S13中撒入十溴二苯醚。
所述S13中先将膨胀石墨碳酸镁和十溴二苯醚混合均匀后进行撒入。
所述碳酸氢钾和所述碳酸铝均位于所述牛皮纸与所述基材层之间。
所述防护层的制作方法包括有:
S21,按质量份取各原料;
S22,将酚醛树脂溶于醇溶液中;
S23,将碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝撒于平铺的牛皮纸上;
S24,将酚醛树脂和醇溶液浇于S23上;
S25,待醇溶液挥发完成后将基材层和防护层通过胶水粘贴为一体。
所述醇溶液为乙醇。
所述S25是在干燥的气氛中进行的,防止碳酸铝与空气中的水汽之间发生反应。
实施例一至实施例三随机抽取十例,计算每组里十个例子的面密度s的平均值,其中s=质量/面积(g/m2);然后以GB/T9341-2008测试每个样品的弯曲强度(MPa),其中产品跨距100mm,宽度50mm,压缩速度为100mm/min,计算每个实施例中十个例子的平均弯曲强度,记录结论如下:
实施例 平均面密度(g/m<sup>2</sup>) 弯曲强度(MPa)
实施例1 1175 40.6
实施例2 1168 41.7
实施例3 1153 41.2
同时,也抽取了市场上的几款抗倍特板、高密度板和冲孔铝塑板,然后计算三款产品的平均面密度(抽检产品的厚度均在5-10mm之间)和弯曲强度(在同等的条件下进行测试),其中抽检的抗倍特板的平均面密度为1428g/m2,高密度板的平均面密度为1267g/m2,弯曲强度为37.1MPa,冲孔铝塑板的平均面密度为1250g/m2,弯曲强度为33.7MPa。通过上面的数据可以看出,本申请的复合材料相较于常规的材料首先达到的足够的轻量化的效果,同时也使得弯曲强度也得到了很大的提高,使用的综合性更佳。
需要说明的是,本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
上述描述仅是对本发明较佳实施例的描述,并非对本发明范围的任何限定,本发明领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示内容做的任何变更、修饰,均属于权利要求书的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,包括基材层以及防护层,其中基材层与防护层之间的厚度比为6-8:1;
所述基材层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure FDA0003840980300000011
所述防护层按质量份计,包括有以下组分:
Figure FDA0003840980300000012
按质量份计,所述基材层中还添加有2-4份十溴二苯醚;
所述碳酸氢钾和所述碳酸铝均位于所述牛皮纸与所述基材层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述基材层的制作方法包括有:
S11,按质量份取聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维;
S12,对S11进行梳理;
S13,向梳理完成的聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维上撒膨胀石墨和碳酸镁;
S14,对聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维进行铺网和针刺;
S15,加压烘烤,形成基材层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,按质量份向所述S13中撒入十溴二苯醚。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述S13中先将膨胀石墨碳酸镁和十溴二苯醚混合均匀后进行撒入。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述防护层的制作方法包括有:
S21,按质量份取各原料;
S22,将酚醛树脂溶于醇溶液中;
S23,将碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝撒于平铺的牛皮纸上;
S24,将酚醛树脂和醇溶液浇于S23上;
S25,待醇溶液挥发完成后将基材层和防护层粘贴为一体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述醇溶液为甲醇或乙醇。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述S25是在干燥的气氛中进行的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车内饰复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳酸氢钾和碳酸铝的摩尔比大于2。
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