CN111357861A - 一种养心菜的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种养心菜的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提出一种养心菜的加工方法,属于食品加工技术领域。该生产工艺包括筛选养心菜、碱性漂烫、乙酯化、喷淋清洗、胶磨、打浆、一次均质、酶解、灭菌、喷雾造粒。该生产工艺主要用于养心菜加工领域,解决鲜食营养吸收低问题,同时解决高钙养心菜的尾菜问题,提升了产品附加值,降低了环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种高钙养心菜的加工方法。
背景技术
养心菜又名养心草、费菜、土三七等,多年生草本植物,全草药用。养心菜钙质含量(含钙400毫克/100克)明显高于其他蔬菜,粗纤维含量高,且含有生物碱、齐敦果酸、谷甾醇、黄酮类、果糖及维生素等药物成分,这些药物成分可防止血管硬化、降血脂、扩张脑血管,从而达到降血压、防中风、防心脏病等效果。
高钙养心菜生长过程中,其表皮具有致密的蜡质层,其为非细胞结构性物质,是一层疏水性屏障,保护高钙养心菜免受病虫害。
高钙养心菜,现有基本以鲜食为主,但鲜食高钙养心菜,蜡质层会影响营养成分的吸收。部分企业将其制作成蔬菜粉用于食品配料,然而由于高钙养心菜的蜡质层较厚,干燥时水分无法快速蒸发,导致产品发黑,影响营养成分的吸收。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出一种高钙养心菜的加工方法,以解决上述技术问题。
本发明通过对高钙养心菜进行脱蜡、酶解等深加工,提高了食用养心菜后有效成分(以钙为主)的吸收利用率,同时辅以吸收促进剂等加工助剂,制备成压片糖果,便于食用,营养得以充分吸收。
本发明提出一种养心菜的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)筛选养心菜:选择无腐败,无杂质泥土的养心菜,清洗;
(2)碱性漂烫:采用质量浓度为1~2%的碳酸氢钠和质量浓度为0.1~1%的蔗糖脂肪酸酯,在70~90℃的热水中漂烫清洗50~100秒;
(3)乙酯化:采用体积分数为20%的酒精浸泡步骤(2)漂烫后的养心菜30~60秒,反应,脱蜡;
(4)喷淋清洗:采用纯净水高压喷淋步骤(3)乙酯化后的养心菜;
(5)胶磨、打浆:胶磨步骤(4)所得养心菜,然后采用80目打浆机打浆得菜浆;
(6)一次均质:对步骤(5)所得菜浆进行一次均质;其中,一次均质的压力为60~80Mpa;
(7)酶解:对步骤(6)均质后的菜浆进行酶解,酶解的温度为50~60℃,酶解液为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合酶解液,其中,纤维素酶的添加量占体系质量分数0.1~0.3%,果胶酶的添加量占体系质量分数为0.1~0.3%,酶解的时间为1~5h;
(8)灭菌、喷雾造粒:对步骤(7)酶解后的菜浆进行灭菌、喷雾造粒、压片、包装,得产品。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中,采用质量浓度为1.5%碳酸氢钠和质量浓度为0.5%蔗糖脂肪酸酯,85℃热水漂烫清洗60秒。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中,采用体积分数为20~25%的酒精浸泡步骤(2)漂烫后的养心菜30秒,反应,脱蜡。
进一步地,所述步骤(5)中,胶磨、打浆后,还包括调配;所述调配具体为加入质量分数为0.01%的D-异抗坏血酸钠。调配可起到护色,抗氧化作用。所述胶磨采用胶体磨胶磨进行。
进一步地,所述步骤(7)中,酶解温度为55℃,酶解液为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合酶解液,其中,纤维素酶的添加量占体系质量分数为0.1%,果胶酶的添加量占体系质量分数为0.1%,酶解的时间为2h。酶解使得细胞壁松软,有利于破壁。
进一步地,所述步骤(7)中,酶解后还包括二次均质;二次均质的压力为60Mpa。二次均质,可进一步使得细胞破壁,使得营养成分溶出。
进一步地,所述步骤(8)中,灭菌具体包括:135℃杀菌5秒,杀菌后冷却至60℃;
进一步地,所述步骤(8)中,喷雾造粒具体包括:使用上排风压力塔,进风170℃,出风85℃,料温60℃,干燥时间<5秒,细分回流造粒,出粉料精华冷风冷却至室温(15~30℃)
进一步地,所述步骤(8)中,压片、包装具体包括:将喷雾造粒后的养心菜粉粒,低聚果糖,硬脂酸镁按照质量比为60%:39.5%:0.5%充分混合均匀,选取磨具,定量0.5克,80Mpa压片,包装即得产品。其中,低聚果糖作为吸收促进剂,可提高养心菜的吸收效果。
本发明所述的高钙养心菜具有以下优势:
(1)本发明提出的高钙养心菜的加工方法,综合考虑了高钙养心菜的特性,采取特定的碱皂化,乙酯化等工艺对高钙养心菜进行脱蜡,彻底脱除蜡质,解决鲜食营养吸收低问题,同时解决高钙养心菜的尾菜问题,提升了产品附加值,降低了环境污染。
(2)本发明提出的高钙养心菜的加工方法,对高钙养心菜进行纤维素酶、果胶酶酶解破壁以及机械高压均质破壁,使得营养流出,利于营养吸收,同时大量粗纤维细化,避免对肠胃刺激,有利于肠道代谢。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1一种高钙养心菜的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)筛选高钙养心菜:选择无腐败,无杂质泥土的高钙养心菜,清洗;
(2)碱性漂烫:采用质量浓度为1.5%浓度碳酸氢钠和质量浓度为0.5%蔗糖脂肪酸酯,85℃热水漂烫清洗60秒;
(3)乙酯化:质量浓度20%酒精浸泡高钙养心菜30秒;
(4)喷淋清洗:采用纯净水高压喷淋步骤(3)所得养心菜,使得残留碱液清除;
(5)胶磨、打浆:采用胶体磨进行胶磨,然后采用80目打浆机打浆得菜浆;
(6)一次均质:一次均质的压力为60Mpa;
(7)酶解:酶解温度为55℃,酶解液为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合酶解液,其中,内切纤维素酶的添加量占体系质量百分比0.1%,果胶酶的添加量占体系质量百分比0.1%,酶解的时间为2h;
(8)灭菌、喷雾造粒、压片、包装,得产品。
所述步骤(5)中,胶磨、打浆后,还包括调配;所述调配具体为加入质量分数为0.01%的D-异抗坏血酸钠;
所述步骤(8)中,灭菌具体为:135℃杀菌5秒钟,灭菌后冷却至60℃;
所述步骤(8)中,喷雾造粒具体为:所述使用上排风压力塔,细分回流,进风170℃,出风85℃,料温60℃,干燥时间<5秒,细分回流造粒,出粉料精华冷风冷却至室温(25℃)
所述步骤(8)中,压片、包装具体为:将养心高钙菜粉粒,低聚果糖(吸收促进剂,压片助剂),硬脂酸镁按照质量比为60%:39.5%:0.5%充分混合均匀,选取磨具,定量0.5克,80Mpa压片,包装即得产品。
实施例2
同实施例1,不同之处在于,
所述步骤(7)中,酶解后还包括二次均质;所述二次均质具体为60Mpa均质。
对比例1
同实施例1,不同之处在于,
未进行步骤(2)的碱性漂烫。
对比例2
同实施例1,不同之处在于,
未进行步骤(3)的乙酯化。
试验例1
对所得养心菜压片产品吸收效果进行营养成分检测。
筛选可直接食用的养心菜检测其钙含量,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法,测定养心菜中钙的含量,得养心菜中钙含量为5000毫克/100克。
对上述养心菜,通过实施例1~2和对比例1~2所述生产工艺,制得养心菜压片产品。
选择身体状况良好的实验者5人,同日同时间同量食用养心菜粉产品20g,连续实用5天,其他饮食一样,然后测试实验者对养心菜产品吸收效果,进行对比检测。
具体检测方法:采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定实验者粪钙的含量,所得检测结果见表1。
表1
由表1可得,经此工艺制备得到的养心菜压片产品,实验者对其吸收率明显高于直接鲜食养心菜。并且,经碱性漂烫和乙酯化后的养心菜产品,食用吸收效果明显提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种养心菜的加工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)筛选养心菜:选择无腐败,无杂质泥土的养心菜,清洗;
(2)碱性漂烫:采用质量浓度为1~2%的碳酸氢钠和质量浓度为0.1~1%的蔗糖脂肪酸酯,将步骤(1)所得养心菜在70~90℃的热水中漂烫清洗50~100秒;
(3)乙酯化:采用体积分数为20%的酒精浸泡步骤(2)所得养心菜30~60秒,脱蜡;
(4)喷淋清洗:采用纯净水喷淋步骤(3)所得养心菜;
(5)胶磨、打浆:胶磨步骤(4)所得养心菜,然后采用80目打浆机打浆得菜浆;
(6)一次均质:对步骤(5)所得菜浆进行一次均质;其中,一次均质的压力为60~80Mpa;
(7)酶解:对步骤(6)均质后的菜浆进行酶解;酶解的温度为50~60℃,酶解采用的酶解液为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合酶解液,其中,纤维素酶的添加量占体系质量分数0.1~0.3%,果胶酶的添加量占体系质量分数为0.1~0.3%,酶解的时间为1~5h;
(8)灭菌、喷雾造粒:对步骤(7)所得菜浆进行灭菌、喷雾造粒、压片、包装,得产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(5)中,胶磨、打浆后,还包括调配;所述调配具体为加入质量分数为0.01%的D-异抗坏血酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(7)中,酶解后还包括二次均质;二次均质的压力为60Mpa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(8)中,灭菌具体包括:135℃杀菌5秒,杀菌后冷却至60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(8)中,喷雾造粒具体包括:使用上排风压力塔,进风170℃,出风85℃,料温60℃,干燥时间<5秒,细分回流造粒,出粉料精华冷风冷却至室温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(8)中,压片、包装具体包括:将喷雾造粒后的养心菜粉粒,低聚果糖,硬脂酸镁按照质量比为60%:39.5%:0.5%充分混合均匀,选取磨具,定量0.5克,80Mpa压片,包装即得产品。
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