CN111356457A - 通过刺激il-12产生治疗癌症 - Google Patents
通过刺激il-12产生治疗癌症 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111356457A CN111356457A CN201880056159.1A CN201880056159A CN111356457A CN 111356457 A CN111356457 A CN 111356457A CN 201880056159 A CN201880056159 A CN 201880056159A CN 111356457 A CN111356457 A CN 111356457A
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于刺激IL‑12产生和IFN‑γ产生的化合物和组合物,该化合物选自:N‑[2‑{4‑[6‑氨基‑5‑(2,4‑二氟苯甲酰基)‑2‑氧代吡啶‑1(2H)‑基]‑3,5‑二氟苯基}乙基)‑L‑丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物;以及N‑[2‑{4‑[6‑氨基‑5‑(2,4‑二氟苯甲酰基)‑2‑氧代吡啶‑1(2H)‑基]‑3,5‑二氟苯基}乙基)‑L‑丙氨酸。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的化合物。
发明背景
白细胞介素12(IL-12)是一种多效性细胞因子,其作用在先天免疫和适应性免疫之间建立了联系。由于桥接先天性和适应性免疫,并有效刺激IFN-γ(一种协调抗癌防御自然机制的细胞因子)的产生,IL-12是肿瘤微环境中的重要细胞因子。人类中IL-12的主要来源是活化的抗原呈递细胞,例如树突细胞和造血吞噬细胞(单核细胞,巨噬细胞,还有嗜中性粒细胞)。生物活性的异二聚体IL-12p70作用于NK和T细胞增加IFN-γ的产生,IFN-γ是IL-12作用的最有效介体。IL-12作用的其他重要要素如下:刺激活化的NK细胞、CD8+和CD4+T细胞的生长和细胞毒性,将CD4+Th0细胞的分化转移到Th1表型;增强针对肿瘤细胞的抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC);以及诱导IgG并抑制B细胞产生IgE。但是,其他几种机制也对IL-12的抗肿瘤活性有大贡献。这些是通过诱导抗血管生成细胞因子和趋化因子产生、重塑肿瘤周围胞外基质和肿瘤基质、重编程髓样来源的抑制细胞以及MHC I类分子的加工改变和表达增加的有效抗血管生成作用。所有上述机制在针对肿瘤的应答过程中都趋于一致,并推定为IL-12高效抗肿瘤作用的原因。
如下所述,已知IL-12在几种癌症的治疗中是有益的。
头颈癌:在一项对30例先前未经治疗的HNSCC患者的研究中,将重组IL-12注射到原发性肿瘤中显示增加了天然杀伤细胞的数量并改变了10位经治疗的患者淋巴结中B细胞的分布。这些效应包括淋巴细胞从外周血到颈部淋巴结的重新分布;天然杀伤细胞显著增加和淋巴结和原发肿瘤中的细胞百分比降低;以及淋巴结IFNγ-mRNA增加128-倍。最终,在接受IL-12治疗的患者的淋巴结中,Th2分布转换为Th1分布。(C.M.Van Herpen,M.Looman,M.Zonneveld等人,“Intratumoral administration of recombinant human interleukin12in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients elicits a T-Helper1profile in the locoregional lymph nodes,”Clinical Cancer Research,10(8)2626-2635,2004.)
黑素瘤:由IL-12引发的效应T细胞显著降低了小鼠中充分建立的s.c.B16-F10黑素瘤肿瘤生长,并显著增加了对高度免疫抵抗的已建立的颅内肿瘤的存活率。CD8+T细胞对肿瘤生长的控制取决于IL-12-介导的高亲和力IL-2R(CD25)的上调,以及随后对IL-2刺激的敏感性增加。最终,由IL-12-引发的人PBMC生成了在表型和功能上均与IL-12-引发的小鼠肿瘤特异性T细胞类似的特异性T细胞。(D.N.Lisiero,H.Soto,L.M.Liau and R.M.PrinsEnhanced“Sensitivity to IL-2 Signaling Regulates the Clinical Responsivenessof IL-12-Primed CD8+T Cells in a Melanoma Model”JImmunol 2011,186(9)5068-5077.)
肾:与脉冲IL-2联合施用的IL-12诱导原发性和转移性Renca肿瘤快速和完全消退(J.M.Wigginton,K.L.,Komschlies,T.C.Back,J.L.Franco,M.J.,Brunda,R.H.Wiltrout“Administration of Interleukin,12With Pulse Interleukin 2,and the Rapid andComplete,Eradication of Murine,Renal Carcinoma”Journal of the National CancerInstitute,1996,88(1),38-43.)
前列腺:也显示人IL-12融合蛋白特异性靶向转移性前列腺癌异种移植物在移植有人淋巴细胞激活的杀伤细胞的SCID小鼠中有效。(S.D.Gillies,Y.Lan,J.S.Wesolowski,X.Qian,R.A.Reisfeld,S.Holden,M.Super and K-M.Lo“Antibody-IL-12Fusion ProteinsAre Effective in SCID Mouse Models of Prostate and Colon CarcinomaMetastases”J Immunol.1998,160(12),6195-6203.)
乳腺:白细胞介素-12(IL-12)基因疗法在包括4T1乳腺腺癌在内的几种同系鼠肿瘤模型中诱导了强大的抗肿瘤作用。(Rakhmilevich AL,Janssen K,Hao Z,Sondel PM,Yang N-S.“Interleukin 12gene therapy of a weakly immunogenic mouse mammarycarcinoma results in reduction of spontaneous lung metastases via a T cellindependent mechanism”Cancer Gene Ther 2000,7(6),826-38.)
膀胱:在抗肿瘤研究中,用壳聚糖/IL-12四次膀胱内治疗后,88%-100%的患有原位膀胱肿瘤的小鼠被治愈。38%-60%的小鼠单独用IL-12治疗。(D.A.Zaharoff,B.S.Hoffman,H.B.Hooper,C.J.Benjamin Jr.,K.K.Khurana,K.W.Hance,C.J.Rogers,P.A.Pinto,J.Schlom and J.W.Greiner“Intravesical Immunotherapy of SuperficialBladder Cancer with Chitosan/Interleukin-12”Cancer Res 2009,69(15),6192-9.)
卵巢:小鼠IL-12治疗导致移植有人类卵巢癌的SCID小鼠出现明显的肿瘤生长延迟和肿瘤消退。(D.F.Silver,R.E.Hempling,M.S.Piver,E.A.Repasky“Effects of IL-12on Human Ovarian Tumors Engrafted into SCID Mice”Gynecologic Oncology,1999,72(2),154-160.)
胰腺:在导管性胰腺癌的鼠模型中,单次肿瘤内注射AdIL-12/B7.1导致延长的免疫应答并介导80%受治疗的动物完全消退。(Pützer B.M.,F.,Hitt M.M.,Stiewe T.,Esche H.Improved treatment of pancreatic cancer by IL-12andB7.1costimulation:antitumor efficacy and immunoregulation in a nonimmunogenictumor model.Mol.Ther.2002,5(4),405-12.)
急性髓性白血病:使用SCID-NOD小鼠进行腹膜内(i.p.)注射人U937 AML细胞系,且然后用人重组IL-12或PBS i.p.进行体内实验。对外植的肿瘤的组织学、免疫组化和流式细胞仪分析揭示,IL-12减少了新血管的形成、诱导了细胞凋亡并抑制了肿瘤细胞的增殖。(Ferretti E,Di Carlo E,Cocco C,Ribatti D,Sorrentino C,Ognio E,Montagna D,Pistoia V,Airoldi I.“Direct inhibition of human acute myeloid leukemia cellgrowth by IL-12”Immunol Lett.2010,133(2),99-105.)
宫颈:IL-21和IL-12明显提高了PBMC对宫颈癌SiHa细胞的细胞毒性。此外,与单独的IL-21和单独的IL-12相比,IL-21+IL-12显著提高了PBMC的细胞毒性。我们还发现,与对照组相比,IL-21+IL-12显著降低了Treg和TH17细胞的比例。注意到,与单独的IL-21相比,IL-21+IL-12显著降低了TH17细胞比例。(TianY,Yuan C,Ma D,Zhang Y,Liu Y,Zhang W,Hou F,Cui B“IL-21and IL-12inhibit differentiation of Treg and TH17 cells andenhance cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients withcervical cancer”Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011 21(9),1672-8.)
神经胶质瘤:神经胶质瘤排斥在CNS中在表达IL-12的小鼠中显著增强,并且通过同系小鼠神经胶质瘤模型中GL261细胞的排斥反应测定,它主要依赖于CD8+ T细胞的存在。(Vetter M,Hofer MJ,Roth E,Pircher HP,Pagenstecher A“Intracerebral interleukin12induces glioma rejection in the brain predominantly by CD8+ T cells andindependently of interferon-gamma”J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.2009May;68(5):525-34.)
肺:在与IL-12一起体外温育4天后来自肺癌患者的外周血单个核细胞表现出细胞杀伤活性。即使在晚期肺癌患者和具有小细胞肺癌的患者的单核细胞中也观察到了IL-12的有效杀伤诱导作用。IL-12和次优剂量的IL-2在诱导来自肺癌患者和对照组受试者的单核细胞杀伤活性方面具有累加作用。添加单独的IL-12或IL-12与IL-2组合会导致来自肺癌患者以及对照组受试者中MNC产生干扰素(IFN)-γ。这些观察结果表明IL-12可用于人类肺癌的免疫疗法。(Haku T,Yanagawa H,Nabioullin R,Takeuchi E,Sone S.“Interleukin-12-mediated killer activity in lung cancer patients”Haku T.,Yanagawa H.,Nabioullin R.,Takeuchi E.,Sone S.Cytokine 1997,9(11),846-52.)
胃癌:转染了携带4-1BBL基因的胃癌细胞总核糖核酸(RNA)的DC疫苗通过促进T细胞增殖和增强细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的杀伤能力,具有很强的杀伤胃癌细胞的能力,以杀伤胃癌细胞并分泌IL-12和IFN-γ。(Z.Song,C.Guo,Y.Li,B.Tan,L.Fan and J.Xiao,“Enhanced antitumor effects of a dendritic cell vaccine transfected withgastric cancer cell total RNA carrying the 4-1BBL gene in vitro”Experimentaland Therapeutic Medicine 2012,3,319-323.)
肝细胞癌:在接种MH134细胞的小鼠中,mIL-12的瘤内基因转移升高了瘤内mIL-12、IFN-γ和IFN-γ诱导型蛋白-10,显著减少了微血管的数量并抑制了HCC的生长。(N.Harada,M Shimada,S Okano,T Suehiro,Y Soejima,Y Tomita and YoshihikoMaehara“IL-12Gene Therapy Is an Effective Therapeutic Strategy forHepatocellular Carcinoma in Immunosuppressed Mice”J Immunol 2004,173,6635-6644.)
结肠:通过向接种了结肠癌CT26细胞的小鼠瘤内注射Ad26VIL-12的结肠癌结节的体内基因疗法诱导IL-12和干扰素-γ水平局部升高和34只小鼠中的26只中肿瘤完全消退(76%)。施用载体后第7天和第10天之间肿瘤消失。抗肿瘤作用由CD8+T细胞介导,并且与针对结肠癌细胞的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的产生有关。(G.Mazzolini,C.Qian,X.Xie,Y.Sun,J.Lasarte,M.Drozdzik and J.Prieto“Regression of colon cancer and induction ofantitumor immunity by intratumoral injection of adenovirus expressinginterleukin-12”Cancer Gene Therapy,1999,6(6),514-522.)
间皮瘤:研究了体内使用非免疫原性鼠MM肿瘤细胞系(AB1),rIL-12对鼠抗肿瘤免疫应答的影响。在肿瘤接种时全身性施用rIL-12阻止了至多70%的经治疗小鼠的AB1肿瘤生长,其中50%的小鼠在再次攻击后仍对AB1耐受,表明已建立了长期的免疫抗肿瘤作用。这种rIL-12诱导的作用取决于CD4(+)和CD8(+)二者的参与,但不依赖于天然杀伤(NK)细胞。(Caminschi I,Venetsanakos E,Leong CC,Garlepp MJ,Scott B,Robinson BW“Interleukin-12induces an effective antitumor response in malignantmesothelioma”Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol Biol.1998,19(5):738-46.)
多发性骨髓瘤:产生表达载体pcDNA-IL-12并将其转染到J558骨髓瘤细胞中,然后将骨髓来源的DC与改造的J558/IL-12细胞融合。在体外和体内评价了源自融合杂交DC/J558/IL-12疫苗接种的抗肿瘤免疫性。DC/J558/IL-12细胞分泌重组IL-12(1.6ng/mL),并且用DC/J558/IL-12杂种接种BALB/c小鼠诱导了Th1显性免疫应答并导致肿瘤消退。与分别用DC和J558、J558/IL-12和J558的混合物进行免疫接种相比,使用改造的DC/J558/IL-12杂种对小鼠进行的免疫接种在体外引起更强的J558肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)应答,并且在体内对J558肿瘤攻击的保护性免疫更有效。此外,由体内DC/J558/IL-12肿瘤细胞疫苗接种介导的抗肿瘤免疫性显然依赖于CD8+ CTL。(Shi M,Su L,Hao S,Guo X,XiangJ“Fusion hybrid of dendritic cells and engineered tumor cells expressinginterleukin-12induces type 1immune responses against tumor”Tumori 2005,91(6),531-8.)
淋巴瘤:与靶向IL2或单独IL12相比,靶向肿瘤的IL12-IL2融合蛋白在激活静息T细胞以扩增和分泌促炎性细胞因子方面更为出色。NK细胞也被双重细胞因子蛋白激活,以分泌IFN-γ并裂解靶细胞。当通过i.v.注射至已建立抗原阳性淋巴瘤肿瘤的免疫感受态小鼠进行应用时,靶向肿瘤的IL12-IL2在肿瘤部位蓄积并诱导肿瘤消退。(T.Jahn.,M.Zuther.,B.Friedrichs,C.Heuser,S.Guhlke,H.Abken,A.Hombach An IL12-IL2-Antibody Fusion Protein Targeting Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells PotentiatesActivation of NK and T cellsfor an Anti-Tumor Attack PLoS ONE 7(9):e44482.)
食道癌:与曲妥珠单抗和紫杉醇联用的IL-12表现出可接受的毒性,并且在患有HER2过表达的癌症(包括食道癌)患者中具有活性。(Bekaii-Saab TS,Roda JM,Guenterberg KD,Ramaswamy B,Young DC,Ferketich AK,Lamb TA,Grever MR,ShapiroCL,Carson WE 3rd.“A phase I trial of paclitaxel and trastuzumab incombination with interleukin-12in patients with HER2/neu-expressingmaiignancies”Mol Cancer Ther.2009,8(11),2983-91.)
甲状腺癌:与曲妥珠单抗和紫杉醇联用的IL-12表现出可接受的毒性,并且在患有HER2过表达的癌症(包括甲状腺癌)患者中具有活性。(Bekaii-Saab TS,Roda JM,Guenterberg KD,Ramaswamy B,Young DC,Ferketich AK,Lamb TA,Grever MR,ShapiroCL,Carson WE 3rd.“A phase I trial of paclitaxel and trastuzumab incombination with interleukin-12 in patients with HER2/neu-expressingmalignancies”Mol Cancer Ther.2009,8(11),2983-91.)
WO 2007/129040、WO 2009/060160和WO 2014/060742公开了作为p38MAP激酶抑制剂的α氨基酸酯。据报道,所公开的化合物是p38MAPK(p38α、β、γ和δ)及其同工型和剪接变体特别是p38α、p38β和p38β2的有效和选择性抑制剂。
WO 2007/129040还公开了所关注的化合物包括选择性地在巨噬细胞中积累的那些。WO 2009/060160公开了一组特定的化合物,它们属于WO 2007/129040的一般公开范围,但未在其中具体鉴定或示例。这些化合物展示出上面讨论的巨噬细胞选择性特性。
WO 2014/060742公开了化合物N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯和相应的酸化合物N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸。发现这些化合物在抑制p38MAP激酶活性方面特别良好。
发明概述
已知IL-12在几种癌症的治疗中是有益的,并且IL-12产生的刺激是癌症治疗中有希望的发展。尽管对p38MAPK抑制剂的免疫调节仍知之甚少,但已知对p38的抑制会导致对TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-10的抑制作用。p38抑制剂在IL-12产生中的作用是正在进行的研究领域。
认为p38MAPK抑制剂对通过单核细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞产生IL-12的作用取决于IFN-γ的存在。已经使用已知的p38抑制剂SB203580进行了对p38在T细胞功能中的作用的研究(S Zhang等人,The Journal of Immunology,2000,165,1374-1380)。这些研究表明,IL-12激活p38MAPK,并暗示IL-12诱导的IFN-γ表达需要IL-12活化的p38MAPK。
Marriott等人的报告(Marriot等人,Clin Exp Immunol 2001;125:64-70)发现,选择性抑制p38MAPK的p38MAPK抑制剂上调了IL-12的产生。但是,IFN-γ触发是必不可少的,并且在分离的巨噬细胞和单核细胞中在不存在外源性IFN-γ的情况下,没有观察到IL-12的增加。在全血和PBMC测定法中,淋巴细胞群体提供了足够的IFN-γ触发,但尽管IL-12产生得到了增强,IFN-γ的产生受到了抑制。
IL-12的主要抗肿瘤作用之一在于增加T细胞产生IFN-γ。如果不能将IL-12翻译为升高水平的IFN-γ以及由该增加产生的免疫后果,则升高IL-12几乎没有益处。本领域清楚地教导了p38抑制作用抑制IL-12诱导的IFN-γ表达。因此,预计p38MAPK抑制剂不会提供有益的抗肿瘤免疫作用,因为在这方面降低的IFN-γ产生可能是有害的。因此,p38MAPK抑制剂未被鉴定为通过免疫调节治疗癌症,尤其在受IL-12产生影响的癌症中进一步研究的适合候选物。
然而,已发现本发明中使用的化合物(p38抑制剂)提供了既增加IL-12产生又增加IFN-γ产生的组合优势,因此预期它在增加的IL-12产生是有益的癌症的治疗中在药理学上是有效的。考虑到该化合物作为p38抑制剂的已知用途,这一发现是完全意料不到的。此外,已发现IL-12产生的量级显著高于对常规p38抑制剂所观察到的量级。值得注意的是,该化合物增加了IL-12p70的产生,IL-12p70是在实现免疫应答中最有益的生物活性异二聚体:许多较早的关于常规化合物的报道仅显示在IL-12p40中的作用。该发现提供了所述化合物的此前没有被认识到的用于治疗IL-12水平升高为关键的癌症中的用途,开辟了新的治疗途径和该化合物可发现治疗应用的新临床情况。
具体地,本发明人发现已知的p38MAPK抑制剂N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯导致刺激IL-12产生(例如IL-12p70产生),特别是该化合物在细胞中提供令人意外地高水平的IL-12。优选地,该化合物在细胞中提供令人意外地高水平的IL-12p70。
这被理解为通过IL-12驱动的INF-γ产生得以实现。IL-12和INF-γ的水平升高在癌症,特别是肿瘤相关细胞是IL-12低表型细胞的癌症的治疗中提供了显著的益处。
先前已鉴定该化合物可用于治疗细胞增殖性疾病,例如其中关键是控制细胞因子IL10的癌症。无法预料到相同的化合物控制细胞因子IL10的产生并通过完全单独的过程(通过该过程发生IL-12诱导的IFN-γ表达)实现IL-12的增加。
所述化合物提供额外的、令人意外的免疫效果的事实意味着该化合物可用于为现有患者提供更有效的治疗和/或用于治疗新的患者群体。例如,该化合物可用于治疗其中单独控制细胞因子IL10产生被视为无效或在某种程度上不足够的患者。实例包括该化合物在治疗特别侵袭性癌症或治疗替代药物失败的患者中的用途,例如,因为为了提供有效的治疗,需要既要控制细胞因子IL10的产生又要增加IL-12的产生。
因此,本发明提供了用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的化合物,该化合物选自:N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物;以及N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸。
本发明还提供了用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的组合物,其中该组合物包含本申请中所定义的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
本发明还提供了通过刺激IL-12产生用于预防或治疗细胞增殖性疾病的化合物,该化合物选自:N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物;以及N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸。优选地,该化合物用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生。
本发明还提供了刺激受试者中IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的方法,该方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的本申请中所定义的化合物或本申请中所定义的组合物。还提供了通过刺激IL-12产生预防或治疗细胞增殖性疾病的方法,该方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的本申请中所定义的化合物或本申请中所定义的组合物。
本发明进一步提供本申请中所定义的化合物或本申请中所定义的组合物在制备用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的药物中的用途。还提供了本申请中所定义的化合物或本申请中所定义的组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物通过刺激IL-12产生用于预防或治疗细胞增殖性疾病。
因为此前所知,该化合物可用于治疗其中关键是控制IL-10水平的癌症,本发明不但为该化合物提供了新的用途,而且提供了具有通过使用单一活性剂有利地控制IL-10和IL-12二者的水平的能力来治疗新癌症谱的潜能的化合物。
发明详述
本发明涉及化合物的用途,该化合物为:(i)N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物(本申请中称作酯化合物);或(ii)N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸(本申请中称作酸化合物)。
优选地,该化合物为酯化合物,即N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物。
所述酯化合物可以以盐、水合物或溶剂化物的形式制备。典型地,该盐是药学上可接受的盐。
如本申请中所用,药学上可接受的盐是与药学上可接受的酸或碱形成的盐。药学上可接受的酸包括无机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、二磷酸、氢溴酸或硝酸以及有机酸,例如柠檬酸、水杨酸、谷氨酸、乳酸、富马酸、马来酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、乙酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸。药学上可接受的酸可以特别地为二羧酸,例如酒石酸、柠檬酸、谷氨酸、马来酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、草酸或己二酸。药学上可接受的碱包括碱金属(例如钠或钾)和碱土金属(例如钙,钡或镁)的氢氧化物和有机碱,例如烷基胺、芳烷基胺和杂环胺。适合的有机碱的实例包括但不限于N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、胆碱三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、N-乙基哌啶、二苄基胺。有关适合的盐的综述,见Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use by Stahl andWermuth(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany,2002)。
优选地,所述药学上可接受的盐为甲磺酸盐或乙磺酸盐。更优选地,药学上可接受的盐为乙磺酸盐。
本申请中使用术语“溶剂化物”描述包含化合物和化学计算量的一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子,例如乙醇的分子复合物。当所述溶剂是水时,使用术语“水合物”。
为避免疑问,所述的化合物可以任何互变异构形式使用。
所述酸化合物为所述酯的代谢物。因此,将酯施用于受试者时,所述酯被水解以在细胞内提供酸。
所述化合物包括一个手性中心。该化合物典型地为L-丙氨酸或L-丙氨酸酯衍生物的形式(即如实施例1所示)。然而,该化合物可以作为D-丙氨酸或D-丙氨酸酯衍生物或作为D形式和L形式的混合物存在。如果存在混合物,优选至少90%、95%或99%作为L形式存在。
下面讨论参照以下实施例部分生产所述化合物的适合方案和方法。
原料典型地为3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代硫代丙亚氨酸4-氯苯酯盐酸盐和2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇。可以使用以下方案制备2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇,该方案类似于实施例部分的方案1:
二氟硝基苯可商购获得。步骤1需要在苯环上在硝基对位上添加乙酸叔丁酯基。步骤2需要酯基水解以形成相应的酸。该酸在步骤3中被还原为伯醇。在步骤4中硝基被还原为胺。
可以使用WO 2003076405中描述的实验方法制备3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代硫代丙亚氨酸4-氯苯酯盐酸盐。
然后可以使用以下方案合成所述酯化合物,该方案类似于实施例部分的方案2。
在步骤1中,使2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇和3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代硫代丙亚氨酸4-氯苯酯盐酸盐一起反应,形成乙酸2-(4-{[3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代丙亚氨酰基]氨基}-3,5-二氟苯基)乙酯。在步骤2中,加入丙炔酸,形成乙酸2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙酯。在步骤3中,使乙酸酯基水解,得到醇,并且在步骤4中,将得到的醇基氧化成醛。然后在步骤5中通过添加L-丙氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐形成本发明的化合物。L-丙氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐可商购获得。
可以通过水解所述的酯化合物制备所述的酸化合物。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含所述的化合物,典型地为所述的酯化合物,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。所述药物组合物典型地包含至多85wt%的本发明化合物。更典型地,其包含至多50wt%的本发明化合物。优选的药物组合物是无菌的和无热原的。
可以以多种不同的剂型施用所述的化合物。因此,它们可以经经口施用,例如以片剂,锭剂,胶囊剂,糖锭,水性或油性悬浮剂,可分散粉末或颗粒剂的形式。所述的化合物也可以经肠胃外途径施用,通过皮下,静脉内,肌肉内,胸骨内,透皮或通过输注技术。可替代地,施用可以是腹膜内或颊粘膜施用。根据所用的介质和浓度,可以将药物悬浮或溶解在介质中。有利地,可以将助剂例如局部麻醉剂、防腐剂和缓冲剂溶解在介质中。所述的化合物也可以作为栓剂施用。可以通过吸入器或喷雾器以气雾剂形式吸入来施用所述的化合物。
典型地将所述的化合物配制成与药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂一起施用。例如,固体口服剂型可以包含与活性化合物一起的增溶剂,例如环糊精或改性的环糊精;稀释剂,例如乳糖,葡萄糖,蔗糖,纤维素,玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉;润滑剂,例如二氧化硅,滑石粉,硬脂酸,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙和/或聚乙二醇;粘合剂;例如淀粉,阿拉伯树胶,黄蓍胶,明胶,糖浆,阿拉伯胶,山梨醇,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;崩解剂,例如淀粉,藻酸,藻酸盐或淀粉羟乙酸钠;泡腾混合物;染料;甜味剂;湿润剂,例如卵磷脂,聚山梨酯,月桂基硫酸盐;以及通常,用于药物制剂中的无毒且药理学上无活性的物质。可以用已知的方式,例如,通过混合、制粒、压片、包糖衣或薄膜包衣工艺,生产这样的药物制剂。
用于经口施用的液体分散剂可以是溶液,糖浆,乳剂和混悬剂。液体制剂可含有常规添加剂,例如助悬剂,例如山梨醇,糖浆,甲基纤维素,葡萄糖浆,明胶氢化食用脂肪;乳化剂,例如卵磷脂,脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯或阿拉伯胶;非水介质(其可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油,分级分离的椰子油,油酯,如甘油,丙二醇或乙醇;防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸;以及(如果需要)常规矫味剂或着色剂。溶液可以包含增溶剂,例如环糊精或改性的环糊精。糖浆可以包含例如蔗糖或蔗糖与甘油和/或甘露糖醇和/或山梨醇作为载体。
例如,混悬剂和乳剂可含有作为载体的天然树胶,琼脂,海藻酸钠,果胶,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯醇。用于肌内注射的悬浮液或溶液可以包含与活性化合物一起的药学上可接受的载体,例如无菌水,橄榄油,油酸乙酯,二醇,例如丙二醇;增溶剂,例如环糊精或改性的环糊精,以及(如果需要)适量的盐酸利多卡因。
用于静脉内或输注的溶液可包含作为载体的例如无菌水,醇和增溶剂,例如环糊精或改性的环糊精,或优选它们可以是无菌的等渗盐水溶液的形式。例如,溶液可以包含作为载体的无菌水和增溶剂,例如环糊精或改性的环糊精。
用于IV施用的优选溶剂是乙醇、丙二醇和环糊精。在施用前,可以将包括所述溶剂的一种或多种的制剂与盐水或葡萄糖水溶液(例如5%葡萄糖溶液)混合。或者,它可以不经进一步稀释施用。
可以通过添加改变pH值的试剂增加水溶液中的溶解度。特别地,碱性化合物可以通过添加有机或无机酸而转化为盐。这将增加在水溶液中的溶解度并降低pH。适合的盐是本申请中举出的那些盐,特别是盐酸盐,硫酸盐和二羧酸盐(例如酒石酸盐,柠檬酸盐,谷氨酸盐,马来酸盐,苹果酸盐,琥珀酸盐,富马酸盐,草酸盐或己二酸盐)。这些盐可以通过加入相应的酸形成,即盐酸,硫酸或二羧酸,例如酒石酸,柠檬酸,谷氨酸,马来酸,苹果酸,琥珀酸,富马酸,草酸或己二酸。
所述化合物可以控释或缓释制剂的形式提供。例如,在这种制剂中可以使用聚合物,例如乙交酯,丙交酯(DL-丙交酯),己内酯和聚乙二醇,以及这些的任意共聚物。实例包括聚DL-丙交酯,聚DL-丙交酯-乙交酯,聚己内酯和聚己内酯与聚乙二醇的嵌段共聚物或共混物。
为了局部施用于皮肤,可以将药物制成霜剂、洗剂或软膏剂。可以用于药物的霜剂或软膏剂制剂是本领域公知的常规制剂,例如在药物学的标准教科书例如英国药典中所述。
对于通过吸入的局部施用,可以将药物配制成用于气雾剂递送的制剂,例如通过压力驱动的喷射雾化器或超声雾化器,或优选通过推进剂驱动的计量气雾剂或无推进剂的微粉施用,例如吸入胶囊或其他“干粉”递送系统。赋形剂可以存在于这类制剂中,例如推进剂(如在计量气雾剂的情况中为Frigen),表面活性物质,乳化剂,稳定剂,防腐剂,矫味剂和填充剂(如粉末吸入器的情况下为乳糖)。为了吸入的目的,可利用大量设备,使用适合于患者的吸入技术,利用这些设备可以生成和施用最佳粒径的气雾剂。除了使用适配器(垫片,膨胀器)和梨形容器(例如 )以及发射烟雾喷射的自动装置以外,对于计量气雾剂,尤其是在粉末吸入器的情况中,有许多可利用的技术解决方案(例如,或吸入器,例如欧洲专利申请EP 0 505 321中所述)。
为了局部施用于眼,可以将药物制成在适合的无菌水性或非水性介质中的溶液或混悬剂。还可以包括添加剂,例如缓冲剂,如偏亚硫酸氢钠或乙二胺四乙酸二钠;防腐剂,包括杀菌剂和杀真菌剂,例如醋酸苯汞或硝酸苯汞,苯扎氯铵或氯己定,以及增稠剂,例如羟丙甲纤维素。
将治疗有效量的化合物施用于受试者。应当理解,任何特定受试者的具体剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性,年龄,体重,总体健康状况,性别,饮食,施用时间,施用途径,排泄率,药物组合以及接受治疗的特定疾病的严重程度。最佳剂量水平和给药频率通常将通过临床试验确定。
根据具体化合物的活性,所治疗受试者的年龄、体重和状况,疾病的类型和严重程度以及施用频率和途径的不同,典型的每日剂量至多为50毫克/千克体重,例如为0.001-50毫克/千克体重。优选地,每日剂量水平为0.05毫克至2克,优选0.1毫克至10毫克。该化合物典型地以无毒量施用于患者。
该化合物可以作为基于脂质的制剂提供。如本领域技术人员将理解的,基于脂质的制剂可以根据例如施用途径和药物毒性的不同而变化。优选地,基于脂质的制剂将用于经口施用。将化合物配制成基于脂质的药物的优点包括增强化合物的生物利用度和/或增加化合物的溶解性的潜能(参见,例如,Drug Discovery,2007,6:231-248)。
基于脂质的制剂可以例如包含化合物和亲脂相,任选地包含至少一种药学上可接受的表面活性剂和/或药学上可接受的水混溶性溶剂。优选地,基于脂质的制剂包含治疗有效量的化合物。
在一些实施方案中,可以将所述的化合物提供在软明胶胶囊或软胶囊中,用于经口施用。软凝胶技术的实例包括OptiGelTM和OptiShellTM。典型地,软明胶胶囊将包含含有该化合物的液体制剂。液体制剂可以例如包含该化合物作为基于脂质的药物。软明胶胶囊可以例如包含明胶、水、遮光剂和增塑剂(例如甘油或山梨醇)。可以任选地给明胶胶囊包衣,例如以辅助靶向递送,提供改进的释放特性,改善化合物的稳定性和/或减少副作用。
如上所述,所述的化合物在细胞中提供了令人意外得高水平的IL-12,即该化合物增加了细胞中IL-12的水平。优选地,该化合物提供令人意外的高水平的IL-12p70。为细胞增殖性疾病的治疗提供特别有益的作用的正是IL-12的上调,特别是IL-12p70的上调。
特别地,观察到了在外周血单个核细胞(人PBMC)样品中来自人单核细胞的IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的刺激。因此,本发明的化合物能够增加PBMC或全血中IL-12(IL-12p70)和IFN-γ的产生。与其他已知的p38MAPK抑制剂相比,使用本发明的化合物时观察到的IL-12水平升高导致EC50值更低得多。在低于300nM的浓度,观察到PBMC或全血中IL-12(IL-12p70)和IFN-γ均升高,例如在用LPS刺激的PBMC中观察到IL-12p70 EC50水平≤1nM,且IFN-γ EC50为1nM。对于p38抑制剂例如PF-797804(3-溴-4-[(2,4-二氟苄基)氧基]-1-[5-[(甲基氨基)羰基]-2-甲基苯基]-6-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮、3-[3-溴-4-[(2,4-二氟苯基)甲氧基]-6-甲基-2-氧代-1(2H)-吡啶基]-N,4-二甲基-苯甲酰胺)和6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮,在低于300nM的抑制剂浓度未观察到IL12升高。
已知本发明的化合物具有作为p38MAPK抑制剂的活性。P38 MAPK抑制剂可用于治疗某些其中牵涉p38MAPK的癌症。然而,本发明人的发现,即所述的化合物提供有益的免疫调节导,致该化合物的潜在新应用。特别地,所述的化合物可用于治疗某些细胞增殖性疾病,特别是其中免疫应答有益的癌症。因此,这些化合物可通过调节免疫系统,特别是通过与增加IFN-γ产生结合增加IL-12的刺激作用来治疗癌症。
因此,本发明中使用的化合物或组合物可通过刺激IL-12的产生,特别是通过刺激IL-12的产生和IFN-γ的产生而用于治疗癌症。
可以用所述化合物治疗的癌症特别是其中肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞和树突细胞表现出IL-12低表型的癌症。如本领域技术人员将意识到的,树突细胞、淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫细胞群可以使用免疫组织化学(IHC)进行表征,且Th1细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ及其上游诱导物白细胞介素(IL)-12的组织信使RNA(mRNA)水平可通过实时PCR进行量化(Cui等人,Cancer Immunol Immunother.2007,56(12),1993-2001)。
可以通过增加IL-12水平治疗的癌症实例包括头颈癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、急性髓细胞样癌、宫颈癌、神经胶质瘤、肺癌、胃癌、肝细胞癌、结肠癌、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、食道癌和甲状腺癌。在一个实施方案中,所述癌症是卵巢癌、乳腺癌和肺癌。
优选地,可以通过增加IL-12水平治疗的癌症包括头颈癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、急性髓细胞样癌、宫颈癌、神经胶质瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、食道癌或甲状腺癌。更优选地,可以通过增加IL-12水平治疗的癌症是宫颈癌。
在一个实施方案中,将所述的化合物施用于哺乳动物受试者,特别是人受试者。
在以下实施例中进一步举例说明本发明。
实施例
可以根据以下实施例制备本发明中使用的酯化合物。
缩写
CDI=羰基二咪唑
DCM=二氯甲烷
DMF=二甲基甲酰胺
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
HCl=盐酸
LCMS=高效液相色谱法/质谱法
MeOH=甲醇
MgSO4=硫酸镁
Na2CO3=碳酸钠
NaHCO3=碳酸氢钠
NMR=核磁共振
STAB=三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠
THF=四氢呋喃
g=克
mg=毫克
mL=毫升
mmol=毫摩尔
使用了可商购的试剂和溶剂(HPLC级),没有进一步纯化。使用Buchi旋转蒸发器除去溶剂。使用Biotage InitiatorTM Eight微波合成仪进行微波辐射。使用得自Fluorochem的粒径为40-63μm(230-400目)的硅胶通过急骤色谱柱进行化合物纯化。
在氘代溶剂中用Bruker 300MHz AV光谱仪记录1H NMR谱。化学位移(d)以百万之份数计。用Kieselgel 60F254(Merck)板进行薄层色谱(TLC)分析,并使用UV光显现。
使用反相Luna C18柱(3mm,50x4.6mm),2.25min内梯度5-95%B(A=水/0.1%甲酸,B=乙腈/0.1%甲酸),流速=2.25mL/min,在Agilent HP1100 LC系统上进行分析型HPLC/MS。使用G1315B DAD检测器在220和254nm处记录了UV光谱。在LC/MSD SL G1956B检测器上,在m/z 150-800范围内获得了质谱。使用ChemStation和ChemStation数据浏览器软件对数据进行了集成和报告。
中间体
中间体1:3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代硫代丙亚氨酸4-氯苯酯盐酸盐
可以使用WO 2003076405中所述的实验方法制备中间体1。
中间体2:2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇
使用如下方案1中所示的路线合成了中间体2。
方案1
步骤1-(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙酸叔丁酯
在氮气气氛中在1小时内将二氟硝基苯(24.96g,157mmol)和氯乙酸叔丁酯(38.0mL,267mmol)在无水DMF(200mL)中的溶液滴加到叔丁醇钾(61.61g,549mmol)在无水DMF(200mL)中的冷(-35℃)混悬液中。将反应混合物在-35℃下搅拌1.5小时,用2N HCl(240mL)淬灭,用庚烷(4×200mL)萃取。用水(3x200mL)、盐水(200mL)洗涤合并的有机萃取物,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,减压浓缩,得到了黄色油状物。通过柱色谱法纯化(在庚烷中的10%EtOAc)得到了黄色油状物(37.64g)。另外两批(10.00g和23.54g二氟硝基苯)分别得到了14.30g和31.39g产物。所有三个批次的1H NMR均显示期望的化合物与少量未鉴定杂质的混合物。将3批合并,且没有进一步纯化即用于下一步。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)7.05(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),3.56(2H,s),1.46(9H,s)。
步骤2-(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙酸
在20分钟内将三氟乙酸(150mL)滴加到冷的(0℃)(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙酸叔丁酯(83.33g,305mmol)在DCM(300mL)中的溶液中。添加完成后,使反应混合物温热至室温,搅拌3小时。将该反应混合物减压浓缩,得到粘性棕色固体。与庚烷一起研磨得到了标题化合物,为黄色固体(53.29g,两步收率67%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)7.08(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),3.74(2H,s),-CO2 H不可见。
步骤3-2-(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙醇
在氮气气氛中在20分钟内将硼烷-二甲硫复合物(35mL,368mmol)滴加到(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙酸(53.29g,245mmol)在无水THF(500mL)中的冷(0℃)溶液中。添加完成后,将该反应混合物温热至室温,搅拌16小时,冷却至0℃,用MeOH(300mL)谨慎淬灭,减压浓缩,得到了棕色油状物。通过干急骤色谱法纯化(庚烷中的60-80%EtOAc),得到了标题化合物,为橙色油状物(38.90g,78%收率)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)7.01(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),3.93(2H,t,J=6.2Hz),2.92(2H,t,J=6.2Hz),2.34(1H,br s)。
步骤4-2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇
将2-(3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯基)乙醇(38.90g,191mmol)溶于EtOAc(250mL)中。将反应容器抽真空,用氮气填充3次。加入披钯碳(10wt%,4.00g),将容器抽真空,用氮气填充3次。最终,将容器抽真空,充满氢气,装配包含氢气的气囊。在室温下在氢气气氛中搅拌15小时后,重新填充氢气囊,将该混合物再搅拌25小时。通过过滤该反应混合物,减压浓缩滤液,得到了棕色油状物。通过干急骤色谱法纯化(庚烷中的50%EtOAc)得到了标题化合物,为浅褐色固体(20.70g,62%收率)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)6.73-6.70(2H,m),3.81(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),2.75(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),-OH和-NH 2不可见。
实施例1:N-(2-{4-[6-氨5-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯
使用如下方案2中所示的路线合成了实施例1。
方案2
步骤1-乙酸2-(4-{[3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代丙酰亚氨基]氨基}-3,5-二氟苯基)乙酯
将2-(4-氨基-3,5-二氟苯基)乙醇(20.71g,120mmol)添加到3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代硫代丙亚氨酸4-氯苯酯盐酸盐(41.26g,114mmol)在冰醋酸(400mL)中的溶液中。将该反应混合物在80℃下搅拌2.5小时,并加入乙酐(21mL,228mmol)。在80℃再经过45分钟后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,减压浓缩,得到了棕色油状物。与EtOAc一起研磨,得到了浅褐色固体,将其用乙醚洗涤。将固体溶于NaHCO3饱和水溶液中,剧烈搅拌30分钟。通过过滤收集固体,用水洗涤,减压干燥,得到了标题化合物,为浅褐色固体(23.36g,52%收率)。
LCMS:m/z 397[M+H]+。
步骤2-乙酸2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙酯
在氮气气氛中在5分钟内将丙炔酸(5.4mL,88mmol)滴加到CDI(14.27g,88mmol)在无水THF(400mL)中的冷(0℃)溶液中。添加完成后,将该反应混合物温热至室温,搅拌1小时。加入乙酸2-(4-{[3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-氧代丙亚氨酰基]氨基}-3,5-二氟-苯基)乙酯(23.26g,59mmol)在无水THF(200mL)中的溶液,将该反应混合物回流搅拌6.5小时。使反应混合物冷却至室温,静置16.5小时。如上所述处理丙炔酸(5.4mL,88mL)、CDI(14.27g,88mmol)和THF(200mL),将其添加至反应混合物中,随后再回流搅拌6小时。然后将该反应混合物冷却至室温,减压浓缩,得到了棕色油状物。通过干急骤色谱法纯化(5%在DCM中的MeOH),得到了深棕色固体,通过与EtOAc一起研磨将其进一步纯化,得到了标题化合物,为黄色固体(7.45g,28%收率)。
LCMS:m/z 449[M+H]+和471[M+Na]+。
步骤3-6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-(2-羟基乙基)苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮
将乙酸2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙酯(7.45g,17mmol)混悬于6N HCl(80mL)中,将该反应混合物回流21.5小时。通过过滤收集固体,将其溶于饱和NaHCO3水溶液(200mL),剧烈搅拌30分钟。通过过滤收集固体,用水洗涤,在真空烘箱(40℃)中干燥,得到了标题化合物,为浅褐色固体。
LCMS:m/z 407[M+H]+和429[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)7.57(1H,td,J=6.6,8.3Hz),7.41(1H,td,J=2.4,9.7Hz),7.37-7.29(3H,m),7.23(1H,td,J=2.3,8.5Hz),5.74(1H,d,J=9.8Hz),4.78(1H,t,J=5.1Hz),3.76-3.70(2H,m),2.86(2H,t,J=6.7Hz),-NH 2不可见
步骤4-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}-乙醛
将戴斯-马丁试剂(Dess-Martin periodinane)(1.03g,2.4mmol)添加到6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟-4-(2-羟乙基)苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮(823mg,2.0mmol)在DCM(20mL)中的混悬液中。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时,用NaHCO3饱和水溶液(10mL)和硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10mL)淬灭,剧烈搅拌30分钟。分离水层,进一步用DCM(2x20mL)萃取。将合并的有机萃取液干燥(MgSO4),过滤,减压浓缩,得到了标题化合物,为浅棕色固体(819mg)。其没有进一步纯化即用于下一步。
步骤5-N-(2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯
将L-丙氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(552mg,3.0mmol)和STAB(1.29g,6.1mmol)添加到{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}-乙醛(819mg,2.0mmol)溶液中。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌3.5小时,用Na2CO3饱和水溶液(20mL)淬灭,剧烈搅拌20分钟。分离水层,进一步用EtOAc(2x20mL)萃取。用盐水(20mL)洗涤合并的有机萃取物,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,减压浓缩,得到了黄色油状物。通过柱色谱法纯化(DCM中的5%MeOH)得到了标题化合物,为淡黄色固体(492mg,两步收率78%)。
LCMS:纯度98%,m/z 534[M+H]+。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)7.58(1H,td,J=6.8,8.3Hz),7.41(1H,td,J=2.3,9.8Hz),7.37-7.30(3H,m),7.23(1H,td,J=2.3,8.5Hz),5.74(1H,d,J=9.8Hz),3.20(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),2.89-2.70(4H,m),1.42(9H,s),1.16(3H,d,J=7.0Hz),-NH 2和-NH-不可见
生物活性测定
实施例2
从全血中分离来自6位健康供体的人PBMC。将PBMC以1x106/mL的浓度重悬于RPMI-10中,并以每孔2x105(200μL)的密度在96孔圆底培养板中铺板。根据客户/供应商的用法说明,用DMSO制备不同浓度的处理剂或参比对照,并以每孔0.2μL(1:1000)的最终体积直接添加到孔中。2小时后,将LPS加入培养物(最终1μg/mL,每孔10μL)。在37℃和5%CO2下将细胞培养72小时。培养期结束时采集无细胞上清液,转移至新的96孔板中,在-80℃冷冻,然后通过ELISA和多重免疫测定法评价IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12p70和TNF-α。
研究设计
包括的组:
未刺激的PBMC
刺激的PBMCs+介质(DMSO)
刺激的PBMC+测试浓度1000nM、100nM、10nM、1nM、0.1nM、0.01nM的6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮
刺激的PBMC+测试浓度1000nM、100nM、10nM、1nM、0.1nM、0.01nM的N-(2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯
刺激的PBMC+测试浓度1000nM、100nM、10nM、1nM、0.1nM、0.01nM的PH797804
一式三份进行培养以提供技术复制品,并且包括来自六位健康供体的PBMC以提供生物学复制。
研究制剂
测试和参比物质储存
对于冻干品将测试物质在室温保存,且一旦重构,保存在-20℃。按照供应商提供的用法说明,对于冻干品,将参比物质保存在-20℃,且一旦重构,保存在-80℃。
测试和参比物质配制物
将所有测试物质和参比物质以10mM储备溶液浓度配制在无水DMSO中,过滤并等分试样冷冻。在添加至测定法之前即刻将储备溶液用DMSO稀释以制备最终所需浓度1000倍的溶液。所有最终配制物均新鲜制备,并在添加到培养物中之前保持无菌和避光。
数据处理与统计分析
使用Infinite F50(Tecan)吸光度读数器和MagellanTM读数器对照和数据分析软件在450nm处读取ELISA板。使用Luminex MAGPIX多重分析系统和ProcartaPlex Analyst1.0软件读取多重免疫分析。使用Graphpad Prism(v6.0)制作图形。对每个生物学重复样本中相应介质对照组的平均值(100%)将数据归一化以说明供体变异。
使用两因素ANOVA,随后使用Dunnett多重比较检验,在N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯和6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮之间进行统计学分析。当P<0.05时,推定为统计学显著。
表2中的数据证明,N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯显示在外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)样品中刺激人单核细胞中的IL-12产生,EC50值<1nM。
表2
表3中的数据证明了来源于N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯的酸在PBMC中存在的单核细胞中hCE-1介导的蓄积在抑制剂浓度在IFN-γ产生增加中的另一个令人意外的结果,EC50值为1nM。
表3
这些数据证明,N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯既刺激IL-12产生又刺激IFN-γ产生,在肿瘤的免疫排斥中提供了令人意外的益处,优于其他已知的p38MAPK抑制剂。
表4
这些数据证明,N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯以比常规p38MAPK抑制剂(例如6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮和PH797804)低至少10倍的浓度抑制了IL10产生,所述的常规p38MAPK抑制剂不引起p38MAPK抑制剂的胞内蓄积。N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯提供的IL10抑制活性的增加提供了肿瘤免疫排斥中令人意外的有益性,优于其他已知的p38MAPK抑制剂,因为它显示对p38MAPK的抑制活性强度比6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-[2,6-二氟苯基]吡啶-2(1H)-酮和PH797804低10倍。
Claims (15)
1.用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的化合物,该化合物选自:
N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物;以及
N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸。
2.根据权利要求1应用的化合物,其中该化合物为N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2应用的化合物,其中该化合物为N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯的乙磺酸盐。
4.用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的组合物,其中该组合物包含权利要求1-3任一项中所定义的化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
5.用于通过刺激IL-12产生来预防或治疗细胞增殖性疾病的化合物,该化合物选自:
N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸叔丁酯或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物;以及
N-[2-{4-[6-氨基-5-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基]-3,5-二氟苯基}乙基)-L-丙氨酸。
6.根据权利要求5应用的化合物,其中该化合物如权利要求2或权利要求3中所定义。
7.用于通过刺激IL-12产生来预防或治疗细胞增殖性疾病的组合物,其中该组合物包含权利要求1-3任一项中所定义的化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
8.根据权利要求1-3、5和6任一项应用的化合物或根据权利要求4或权利要求7应用的组合物,该化合物或组合物通过刺激IL-12产生用于治疗癌症。
9.根据权利要求1-3、5和6任一项应用的化合物或根据权利要求4或权利要求7应用的组合物,其中该化合物或组合物用于治疗头颈癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、急性髓细胞样癌、宫颈癌、神经胶质瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、食道癌或甲状腺癌。
10.刺激受试者中IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的方法,该方法包括对所述受试者施用有效量的权利要求1-3、5和6的任一项中所定义的化合物或权利要求4或权利要求7中所定义的组合物。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中该方法为通过刺激IL-12产生治疗癌症的方法。
12.根据权利要求10或权利要求11的方法,其中该方法为治疗癌症的方法,并且其中所述的癌症选自头颈癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、急性髓细胞样癌、宫颈癌、神经胶质瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、食道癌和甲状腺癌。
13.权利要求1-3、5和6任一项中所定义的化合物或权利要求4或权利要求7中所定义的组合物在制备用于刺激IL-12产生和IFN-γ产生的药剂中的用途。
14.根据权利要求13的用途,其中所述的化合物或组合物通过刺激IL-12产生用于治疗癌症。
15.根据权利要求13或权利要求14的用途,其中所述的化合物或组合物用于治疗头颈癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、急性髓细胞样癌、宫颈癌、神经胶质瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、食道癌或甲状腺癌。
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GBGB1713975.9A GB201713975D0 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Medical use |
PCT/GB2018/052448 WO2019043389A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-30 | TREATMENT OF CANCER BY STIMULATING IL-12 PRODUCTION |
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CN201880056159.1A Pending CN111356457A (zh) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-30 | 通过刺激il-12产生治疗癌症 |
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EP (1) | EP3675851A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2020536848A (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN111356457A (zh) |
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EP3675851A1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
BR112020003033A2 (pt) | 2020-08-04 |
AU2018326668A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
WO2019043389A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
JP2020536848A (ja) | 2020-12-17 |
RU2020111355A3 (zh) | 2021-12-16 |
CA3071550A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
MA50030A (fr) | 2020-07-08 |
IL272769A (en) | 2020-04-30 |
KR20200129086A (ko) | 2020-11-17 |
GB201713975D0 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
US11382902B2 (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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