CN111337403A - Experimental device for measuring slope water permeability and water-stone/sand separation characteristics of water permeable material - Google Patents
Experimental device for measuring slope water permeability and water-stone/sand separation characteristics of water permeable material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111337403A CN111337403A CN202010008649.3A CN202010008649A CN111337403A CN 111337403 A CN111337403 A CN 111337403A CN 202010008649 A CN202010008649 A CN 202010008649A CN 111337403 A CN111337403 A CN 111337403A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for measuring slope water permeability and water-stone/sand separation characteristics of a permeable material, which comprises a water injection tank, a discharge groove connected with a water outlet of the water injection tank, a water stabilizing tank connected with a water inlet of the water injection tank, a bracket for supporting the water stabilizing tank, the water injection tank and the discharge groove, a first water measuring tank and a second water measuring tank, wherein an opening for embedding a permeable material test block is formed in a bottom plate of the discharge groove, the permeable material test block is arranged at the opening to replace the bottom plate, the first water tank is arranged below the opening of the bottom plate, and the second water measuring tank is arranged below an outlet of the discharge groove. The invention provides a convenient and effective practical tool for testing the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristics of the water permeable material, is favorable for rapidly evaluating the engineering value of the material and is applied to specific practical engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an experimental device for measuring the water permeability and the water-stone/sand separation characteristic of a permeable material on an inclined plane.
Background
Water permeability is a very important physical property of water permeable materials, which refers to the property of water permeable materials that allow water to pass through. The strength of the water-permeable material depends on the size and connectivity of pores and cracks in the water-permeable material, and is often expressed by a permeability coefficient. The larger the pores and cracks, the better the connectivity, and the easier the water to permeate, such as permeable bricks, permeable concrete, permeable asphalt concrete, etc. Otherwise, it is not permeable, such as cement. The water-stone (sand) separation characteristic means that most of stones (sand) and most of water are separated by a certain water permeable material, and the better the separation effect is, the better the water-stone (sand) separation characteristic of the water permeable material is. The existing technology for measuring the water permeability and the water-stone (sand) separation characteristics of the water permeable material mainly performs measurement indoors and on site. Common indoor measuring methods are a constant head test method and a variable head test method; the field measurement method adopts a water permeability instrument method. At present, the measuring methods can only measure the water permeability of vertical infiltration and horizontal infiltration, the water permeability of a water permeable material on a slope and the separation characteristic of water and stone (sand) are not considered, and the measurement of the water permeability on the slope and the separation characteristic of the water and stone (sand) has certain errors by using the existing method.
At present, the domestic engineering means applied to debris flow prevention and control can be mainly divided into slope protection and bottom fixing engineering of a debris flow originating region, blocking engineering of a flow region and drainage and guide engineering of a stacking region, a large number of loose sources are formed in a channel of a flow field after an earthquake and a shock, the existing debris flow prevention and control engineering is difficult to block and fix the loose sources in the channel, so that the debris flow disaster is caused, the existing prevention and control engineering is explained, and the prevention and control requirements for increasing the loose sources in the channel after the earthquake cannot be met. Under the condition that loose sources cannot be blocked and fixed in the channel, how to separate the debris flow by the water permeable function of the prevention and treatment project and reduce the impact force, flow speed and scale of the debris flow is the development trend of the debris flow prevention and treatment after the earthquake in the future. The permeable brick, the permeable concrete and the permeable asphalt concrete have good water permeability, convenient material acquisition, low cost and low construction difficulty, and have considerable application prospect in the field of debris flow prevention and control.
The water-stone separation characteristic is commonly used for researching the fields of debris flow prevention and control engineering, sponge city construction and the like. The water-stone separation refers to that most of sand and most of water are separated by a certain method so as to facilitate subsequent research or practical application. The material that can let most grit and separation of water or whole separation is the better material of water stone separation effect, and the engineering structure or the material that have this kind of characteristic can effectively reduce the calamity destruction degree, reduce calamity destruction scope, pollution abatement, and the environmental protection is ecological, and hydroenergy is recycled. It is important and essential to consider the water-stone separation characteristics of the debris flow that occurs without the ability to contain loose sources within the trench. The water-stone separation structure is designed according to the control condition of the water source, and the water-stone separation characteristic of the structure is not considered. In the prior art, although the disaster prevention and control effect is achieved through a series of engineering structure designs, research on the water permeable material is less, and the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristic of the material are only aimed at. No special test device specially used for researching the water-stone separation characteristic of the permeable material exists in the prior art.
On the other hand, the permeable material is applied to paving roads in sponge cities, and when the cities are influenced by continuous strong rainfall, the sponge cities can store water and utilize the water in the future. This is a sustainable use of rain resources. Under the background, the water-permeable material is used for water-stone separation to achieve the purposes of water absorption and water storage, so that the method becomes a new idea for building sponge cities. At present, pervious concrete is applied to sponge city construction in domestic existing cities, so that the measurement of the water-stone separation characteristic is particularly important for guiding practical engineering application.
Therefore, the test device capable of simultaneously measuring the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristics of the water permeable material on the inclined plane, particularly on different slopes, is provided, so that the engineering value and the practical application of the test device can be quickly evaluated, and the test device has important practical significance.
Therefore, the test device capable of simultaneously measuring the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristic of the permeable material is provided, and is used for the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristic of the permeable materials such as the permeable bricks, the permeable concrete and the permeable asphalt concrete, so that the engineering value of the permeable material can be quickly evaluated and the permeable material can be applied to concrete actual debris flow prevention and control engineering, and the device has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device for measuring the water-permeable material water-stone/sand separation characteristic aiming at the defects of the prior art, provides a convenient and effective experimental tool for testing the water permeability and the water-stone separation characteristic of the water-permeable material, is favorable for quickly evaluating the engineering value of the material and is applied to debris flow prevention or sponge city.
In the present specification, "/" in "water permeable material pumice/sand" means "or".
The experimental device for measuring the water-stone separation characteristic of the permeable material comprises a water injection tank, a discharge groove connected with a water outlet of the water injection tank, a water stabilizing tank connected with a water inlet of the water injection tank, a bracket for supporting the water stabilizing tank, the water injection tank and the discharge groove, a first measuring water tank and a second measuring water tank; the water injection tank and the water stabilizing tank are arranged in parallel, the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank is larger than that of the bottom plate of the water stabilizing tank, and the water stabilizing tank is communicated with the water injection tank above the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank, so that the water level of the water stabilizing tank reaches the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank and overflows into the water injection tank; the outlet of water injection tank is provided with the weir that is used for measuring the inflow flow that gets into the earial drainage groove, offer the opening that is used for imbedding the material test block that permeates water on the bottom plate of earial drainage groove, the material test block that permeates water is installed to the opening part and is replaced the bottom plate, or the installation is used for sealing the open-ended apron with the same material of bottom plate, first graduated flask sets up in bottom plate opening below, and second graduated flask sets up in earial drainage groove export below.
Furthermore, an opening outer edge extending to the opening inner space is arranged around the opening on the bottom plate of the drainage groove, an installation outer edge matched with the opening outer edge on the bottom plate is arranged at the edge of the permeable material test block or the cover plate, the permeable material test block or the cover plate is embedded into the opening of the bottom plate of the drainage groove by overlapping the installation outer edge on the opening outer edge.
Furthermore, the outer edge of the opening is flush with the lower surface of the bottom plate, the outer edges of the permeable material test blocks and the cover plate are flush with the upper surface of the permeable material test blocks or the cover plate, and the sum of the thicknesses of the outer edges of the mounting and the opening is equal to the thickness of the bottom plate, so that the outer edges of the mounting are coincided on the outer edge of the opening to enable the permeable material test blocks and the cover plate to be embedded into the opening of the bottom plate, and the surface of the bottom plate is kept flat.
If the area of the opening is 40cm × 90cm, the area of the test block to be tested is 40cm × 60cm, and the rest area of 40cm × 30cm is directly sealed by a water-tight plate or a sealing plate made of the same material as the bottom plate of the drainage groove.
Furthermore, a water collecting tank is arranged below the opening on the bottom plate of the drainage groove and used for collecting water penetrating through the permeable material test block, a water outlet of the water collecting tank is positioned right above the first measuring water tank below the opening of the bottom plate, and the collected water is injected into the first measuring water tank.
Furthermore, the bottom plate of the water collecting tank is parallel to the bottom plate of the drainage tank, and the upper edge of the water collecting tank is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the drainage tank.
Further, opening low reaches end on the chute bottom plate is provided with the drainage plate, and the drainage plate upper end is fixed on the chute bottom plate, and the lower extreme stretches into in the first water gaging tank, and just to the export setting of water catch bowl, accepts the water that the water catch bowl flows and drainage to the water gaging tank in.
Further, a first gate is arranged at the joint of the water injection tank and the drainage groove, and the gate is closed before the experiment begins so as to store water in the water injection tank; a second gate is arranged at the upper stream in the drainage groove and is used for closing before the experiment begins, and a water-stone/sand mixture can be prepared in the drainage groove between the first gate and the second gate. Wherein, first gate setting is in weir upstream, and after the experiment began, open first gate and second gate water from the weir overflow of measuring and down, calculate the flow through the overflow weir.
Further, the water injection tank is connected with the drainage groove through a hinge, so that the gradient of the drainage groove can be adjusted, the connection part is sealed in a crossed mode through sealing, and water leakage is avoided.
Further, the water measuring weir is a right-angle weir or a triangular weir.
Further, the support is a support body formed by connecting a plurality of vertical rods and horizontal cross rods in a detachable mode according to the height of each water tank. The construction is carried out according to the gradient of the required drainage groove after adjustment. In order to keep the stability of the inclined drainage groove, the fixing plate vertical to the bottom plate is arranged on the back surface (outer wall surface) of the bottom plate of the drainage groove, and the fixing plate is clamped on the cross rod of the support, so that the stability of the drainage groove is improved.
Further, the surge tank is provided with a water injection pipe communicated with an external water source, a flow control valve for controlling the flow is arranged on the water injection pipe, the water level of the surge tank overflows into the water injection tank after reaching the height of a bottom plate of the water injection tank, a water level scale is arranged in the water injection tank and used for reading the height of a weir top water head of the measuring weir, and the water inflow flow in the discharge groove can be calculated according to the height of the water level.
Furthermore, the first water measuring tank and the second water measuring tank are provided with water volume scale marks, and a first camera and a second camera are arranged to shoot water level changes of the first water measuring tank and the second water measuring tank respectively. The water volume in each water tank at different moments is read by shooting, the water volume is preferably read once at the same time interval, and the flow sizes of the first water measuring tank (permeation flow) and the second water measuring tank (outflow flow) are obtained by calculation according to the volume change and the time.
The device can be used for measuring the water permeability of the water permeable material and can also be used for measuring the water-stone/sand separation characteristic of the water permeable material. When the water-stone/sand separation characteristic is measured, water and sand are mixed in advance according to an experiment set proportion, and a horizontal plate is arranged at the outlet of the drainage groove to serve as a stacking platform after the debris flow is drained.
The test device can carry out different experiments according to the requirements. And if the water permeability of the permeable material is measured, discharging clear water into the drainage groove for testing. When water flows through the water permeable material in the water tank, part of water enters the first water measuring tank through the water permeable material, and the other part of water flows out of the drainage groove as tail water and enters the second water measuring tank. And recording and comparing the flow passing through the permeable material with the effluent flow under different flows, and calculating the maximum average seepage as the water permeability of the permeable material on different slopes. If the water-stone/sand separation characteristic of the water-permeable material needs to be measured, when the water-stone/sand mixture flows through the water-permeable material, corresponding data are observed and recorded, and then the water-stone (sand) separation characteristic of the water-permeable material can be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the device, the permeable material test block to be tested is placed in the opening on the bottom plate, the required gradient is set, and the water permeability and water-stone (sand) separation characteristics of the permeable material test block can be tested through the device, so that the engineering value and the practical application of the permeable material test block can be rapidly evaluated.
2. In the device of the invention, the mode of water-stone separation is considered for intercepting and conveying water which is one of the factors of solid-liquid two-phase fluid cause. In the prevention of such debris flows that occur without the ability to contain loose sources within the trench, it is important and necessary to consider the water-stone separation characteristics. The device of the invention provides a convenient and applicable tool for evaluating the water-stone separation characteristics of permeable materials with important application value in the field of debris flow prevention, particularly permeable materials such as asphalt concrete and the like.
2. The device can adjust parameters in a test, wherein the parameters comprise the gradient of the water tank, the upstream initial water flow, the area of the permeable material test block, the type of the permeable material, the number of the permeable material test blocks, the water-stone (sand) mixture (which can be pure water or the water-stone (sand) mixture) and the like, so that the experimental data more conform to the real natural working condition, and the same working condition can be repeatedly operated.
3. The device of the invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, convenient operation, lower construction cost and universal applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the experimental set-up according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the experimental set-up according to the present invention (drainage channel slope 0).
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the flow direction of water in the experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-water injection tank, 2-water collecting tank, 3-first water measuring tank, 4-permeable material test block, 5-water stabilizing tank, 6-second water measuring tank, 7-first gate, 8-second gate, 9-drainage tank and 10-drainage plate.
Detailed Description
The apparatus according to the invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above disclosure and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the experimental device for measuring the water-stone separation characteristic of the permeable material in this embodiment comprises a water injection tank 1, a drainage groove 9 connected with a water outlet of the water injection tank, a water stabilizing tank 5 connected with a water inlet of the water injection tank, a bracket for supporting the water stabilizing tank, the water injection tank and the drainage groove, and a first water measuring tank 3 and a second water measuring tank 6;
the water injection tank and the water stabilizing tank are arranged in parallel, the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank is larger than that of the bottom plate of the water stabilizing tank, and the water stabilizing tank is communicated with the water injection tank above the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank, so that the water level of the water stabilizing tank reaches the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank and overflows into the water injection tank; a right-angle triangular weir for measuring the inflow flow of the drainage groove is arranged at the outlet of the water injection tank, and a first gate 7 is arranged at the downstream of the right-angle triangular weir and at the joint of the water injection tank and the drainage groove and used for closing the gate before the experiment begins so as to store water in the water injection tank; a second gate 8 is arranged upstream in the launder and is used to close before the start of the experiment to prepare a rock-water (sand) mix in the launder between the first gate and the second gate. The water injection tank passes through the hinge with the chute and links up for the slope of chute is adjustable, and adjustable range is 0 ~ 90. The support is built below each basin through buckle detachably by many vertical poles and horizontal poles, builds according to the slope of required earial drainage groove after adjusting earial drainage groove slope.
An opening used for embedding the permeable material test block is formed in the bottom plate of the drainage groove, the permeable material test block is arranged at the opening to replace the bottom plate 4, or a cover plate which is made of the same material as the bottom plate and used for sealing the opening is arranged at the opening. The permeable material test blocks are formed by installing a plurality of permeable material test blocks with the same size on the opening of the flow-off groove bottom plate according to the same mode, different quantities of permeable material test blocks are installed in the opening of the flow-off groove bottom plate according to test requirements, and the opening part without the test blocks is used for replacing the filling blocks made of the same material of the flow-off groove bottom plate, so that the area of the permeable material test blocks is adjusted. The installation mode is as follows: the opening on the base plate of the drainage groove is provided with an opening outer edge extending to the opening inner space, the periphery of the permeable material test block or the cover plate is provided with an installation outer edge matched with the opening on the base plate along the outer edge (when the permeable material test block is formed by multiple splicing, the two ends of each test block are provided with installation outer edges), the outer edges are overlapped on the opening outer edges through installation, and the permeable material test block or the cover plate is embedded into the opening of the base plate of the drainage groove. The outer edge of the opening is flush with the lower surface of the bottom plate, the outer edges of the permeable material test blocks and the cover plate are flush with the upper surface of the permeable material test blocks or the upper surface of the cover plate, and the sum of the thickness of the outer edges of the mounting and the opening is equal to the thickness of the bottom plate, so that the outer edges of the mounting are coincided on the outer edges of the opening, the permeable material test blocks and the cover plate are embedded into the opening of the bottom plate, and the surface of the bottom plate is kept. The first water measuring tank is arranged below the opening of the bottom plate, and the second water measuring tank is arranged below the outlet of the drainage groove.
A water collecting tank 2 is arranged below the opening on the bottom plate of the drainage tank and used for collecting water penetrating through the permeable material test block. The bottom plate of water catch bowl 2 is on a parallel with the bottom plate of chute, and water catch bowl upper portion edge fixed connection is on the chute bottom plate, and the delivery port of water catch bowl is located directly over first water gaging tank 3 of bottom plate opening below, pours the water of collecting into first water gaging tank. The opening low reaches end on the chute bottom plate is provided with drainage plate 10, and the drainage plate upper end is fixed on the chute bottom plate, and the lower extreme stretches into in the first water gaging tank, and just sets up to the export of water catch bowl, accepts the water that the water catch bowl flows and drainage to the water gaging tank in.
Application example 1
In the test process, the initial water flow can be calculated by using right-angle triangular weir control. The right-angle triangular weir has the flow formula of Q ═ C0H5/2. In the formula: q is the flow rate in m3A/s meter; c0And the flow coefficient of the right-angle triangular thin-wall weir is related to the size of the triangular weir, H is the height of a weir top water head in m, and assuming that the height H of the weir top water head is 15cm, the flow coefficient C0 of the right-angle triangular thin-wall weir is 0.014, and the initial water flow Q is 0.014 × 15 (5/2) and 12.2L/s according to the formula.
The application example adopts the same device as the embodiment 1 in the embodiment 1, and the device has the following dimensions:
the length of the drainage groove is 670cm, the width is 40cm, the height is 60cm, the gradient of the water groove is 30 degrees, an opening is arranged at the position 50cm away from the outlet at the lower part of the bottom plate of the drainage groove, the opening area is 30cm × 40cm, the thickness is 10cm (the thickness of the bottom plate), and a permeable material test block (the permeable asphalt concrete test block is adopted in the application example) is arranged in the opening.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) the first camera and the second camera are installed at positions where inflow conditions and inflow volumes of the first and second water measuring tanks can be completely photographed. And opening a flow control valve on a water inlet pipe of the water stabilizing tank to inject water into the water stabilizing tank, enabling the water level of the water stabilizing tank to overflow into the water injection tank after reaching the height of a bottom plate of the water injection tank, and calculating to obtain the inflow flow of water in the drainage groove according to the height of the water level of the water injection tank.
(2) When the first valve is opened, water flows into the drainage groove, one part of the water flows into the first measuring tank through the permeable material test block (the permeable asphalt concrete test block is adopted in the application example), and the other part of the water flows out of the drainage groove and enters the second measuring tank. And when the water flow volumes in the first measuring water tank and the second measuring water tank reach proper positions (the permeation flow and the outflow flow values can be calculated through the video in the cameras to be proper positions, the general volume is about 60L, and the time duration is about 30 seconds), closing the first camera and the second camera, and pouring out the water in the two measuring water tanks. And (3) watching the video for reading, reading the volume in the water tank at intervals of a certain time, calculating the flow in a time period according to the volume difference of the time period, and finally taking the average water permeability flow of each time period as an index representing the water permeability of the water permeable asphalt concrete test block. At 10 seconds, volume 10L; at 20 seconds, volume 30L; at 30 seconds, volume 50L. The flow rate is 2L/s at 10-20 s (30-10)/(20-10). The flow rate is (50-30)/(30-20) 2L/s at 20-30 s. And by analogy of 40s and 50s … …, taking the average value as the initial flow and the average permeation flow of the water flow under the slope to change the inflow flow of the water tank, repeating the steps to obtain multiple groups of data, and taking the maximum average permeation flow as the data representing the water permeability of the water permeable material under the slope
When the initial upstream water flow rate is respectively 0.5L/s, 2L/s, 5L/s, 8L/s and 10L/s. The water flow permeation flow rates of the first measuring water tank which are obtained through the permeable material test block (the permeable asphalt concrete test block is adopted in the application example) are respectively 0.5L/s, 1.1L/s, 1.8L/s and 1.8L/s. The water outflow flow rate of the water flowing out of the overflow groove obtained by the second measuring water tank is respectively 0L/s, 0.9L/s, 3.2L/s, 6.2L/s and 8.2L/s. When the initial water flow rate of the same test block exceeds a range, the permeation flow rate presents a fixed value (limit value), namely the maximum water permeability of the permeable material test block (the permeable asphalt concrete test block is adopted in the application example).
After obtaining the limit value for the permeate flow, i.e. the maximum average permeate flow at the grade, it is defined as the maximum water permeability at the grade.
Application example 2
The application uses the same experimental device as the application 1. Preparing three mud-rock flow samples, wherein the first mud-rock flow is prepared from uniform sand; the second debris flow is prepared by non-uniform sand with good gradation; the third stream was prepared from heterogeneous sand with poor grading, 4.9kg of water and 13kg of sand.
The evaluation index of the water-stone separation benefit can be expressed as follows:
in the formula, LEIThe value is 0-1 for the evaluation index of the water-stone separation benefit; l isdfThe stacking distance of the debris flow which does not pass through the pervious asphalt concrete test block is used; l isdf' is the distance of the flow of debris through the pervious asphalt concrete. When the debris flow flows through the pervious asphalt concrete, the water body can be discharged downwards, so that the density of the debris flow is changed, the stacking distance is further reduced, and therefore, the larger the ratio is, the better the water-stone separation effect is.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) and the first camera and the second camera are arranged at positions where the movement condition of the debris flow and the accumulation condition of the debris flow of the drainage groove and the accumulation platform can be completely shot. The water and the gravel with the weighed weight are placed into a debris flow material preparation groove (located at the initial end of the drainage groove and between the first valve and the second valve), the second valve is opened after sufficient mixing, table tennis balls are simultaneously thrown down on the surface of a debris flow test body, the debris flow test body slides down along the drainage groove under the action of the gravity, and a stacking fan is formed on a stacking platform after the debris flow test body slides out of the drainage groove. The moving speed of the table tennis ball in the first camera, namely the flow velocity of the debris flow test body, is calculated by reading the moving time of the table tennis ball in the first camera within a fixed distance. The stacking fan distance of the debris flow specimen can be read by reading the second camera.
And changing the debris flow sample, and repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of groups of data.
The stacking fan distances of the three debris flow specimens are respectively 165cm, 195cm and 205cm when no permeable asphalt concrete specimen exists (no permeable material specimen is arranged on the bottom plate, and the openings on the cover plate sealing bottom plate made of the same material as the bottom plate), and the stacking fan distances of the three debris flow specimens are respectively 75cm, 142cm and 143cm when the permeable asphalt concrete specimen exists. The evaluation indexes of the water-stone separation benefit of the three debris flow samples are 0.55, 0.27 and 0.30 respectively, which shows that the permeable asphalt concrete test block has a good water-stone separation effect on the first debris flow sample.
According to the same principle, in the experiment, the same debris flow test body can be fixed, different permeable material test blocks can be replaced, and the water-stone separation effect of different permeable materials can be evaluated.
According to the same principle, in an experiment, different water-stone (sand) mixed fluids can be changed, and the water-stone separation effect of different water permeable material test blocks (the water permeable asphalt concrete test blocks are adopted in the application example) can be evaluated.
Application example 3
According to the test device of the adopted embodiment, the size of the water tank is as follows, the length of the drainage tank is 470cm, the width is 40cm, the height is 40cm, the gradient of the water tank is set to be 20 degrees, the water measuring weir is a right-angled triangular thin-wall weir, the flow rate of the upstream initial water flow is 2L/s, an opening with the area of 60cm × 40cm and the height of 5cm is formed in the position 60cm away from the downstream of the bottom of the water tank, and a pervious concrete test block is installed.
The experimental procedure was as in application example 1.
When the initial upstream water flow rate is respectively 0.5L/s, 2L/s, 5L/s, 8L/s and 10L/s. The water flow permeation flow rates of the first measuring water tank through the pervious asphalt concrete test block are respectively 0.4L/s, 0.9L/s, 1.5L/s and 1.5L/s. The water outflow flow rate of the water flowing out of the overflow groove obtained by the second measuring water tank is respectively 0.1L/s, 1.1L/s, 3.5L/s, 6.5L/s and 8.5L/s. When the initial water flow of the same test block exceeds a range, the permeation flow shows a fixed value, namely the maximum water permeability of the pervious asphalt concrete.
Application example 4
According to the experimental device of the adopted embodiment, the size of the water tank is that the length of the drainage tank is 270cm, the width is 24cm, the height is 20cm, the gradient of the water tank is set to be 10 degrees, the water measuring weir is a triangular weir, the upstream initial water flow is 0.5L/s, an opening with the area of 90cm × 40cm and the height of 5.3cm is arranged at the position, 70cm away from the downstream, of the bottom of the water tank, and the water permeable bricks are placed.
The experimental procedure was as in application example 1.
When the initial upstream water flow rate is respectively 0.5L/s, 2L/s, 5L/s, 8L/s and 10L/s. The water flow permeation flow rates of the first measuring water tank through the pervious asphalt concrete test block are respectively 0.3L/s, 0.6L/s, 0.9L/s and 0.9L/s. The water outflow flow rate of the water flowing out of the overflow groove obtained by the second measuring water tank is respectively 0.2L/s, 1.4L/s, 4.1L/s, 7.1L/s and 9.1L/s. When the initial water flow of the same test block exceeds a range, the permeation flow shows a fixed value, namely the maximum water permeability of the pervious asphalt concrete.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for measuring the slope water permeability and the water-stone/sand separation characteristics of a water permeable material is characterized by comprising a water injection tank (1), a drainage groove (9) connected with a water outlet of the water injection tank, a water stabilizing tank (5) connected with a water inlet of the water injection tank, a bracket for supporting the water stabilizing tank, the water injection tank and the drainage groove, a first water measuring tank (3) and a second water measuring tank (6); the water injection tank and the water stabilizing tank are arranged in parallel, the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank is larger than that of the bottom plate of the water stabilizing tank, and the water stabilizing tank is communicated with the water injection tank above the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank, so that the water level of the water stabilizing tank reaches the elevation of the bottom plate of the water injection tank and overflows into the water injection tank; the exit of water injection tank is provided with the weir that is used for measuring the inflow flow that gets into the earial drainage groove, offer the opening that is used for imbedding the material test block that permeates water on the bottom plate of earial drainage groove, the material test block that permeates water is installed to the opening part and is replaced bottom plate (4), or the installation is used for sealing open-ended apron with the same material of bottom plate, first graduated flask sets up in bottom plate opening below, and second graduated flask sets up in earial drainage groove export below.
2. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ring of open outer edges extending toward the open inner space is provided around the opening of the bottom plate of the drainage groove, the edge of the test block or cover plate made of the water-permeable material is provided with a mounting outer edge matching with the open outer edge of the bottom plate, and the test block or cover plate made of the water-permeable material is inserted into the opening of the bottom plate of the drainage groove by overlapping the mounting outer edge with the open outer edge.
3. The experimental device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer edge of the opening is flush with the lower surface of the bottom plate, the outer edges of the permeable material test block and the cover plate are flush with the upper surface of the permeable material test block or the cover plate, and the sum of the thickness of the outer edges of the mounting and the opening is equal to the thickness of the bottom plate, so that the outer edges of the mounting are coincided with the outer edges of the opening to embed the permeable material test block and the cover plate into the opening of the bottom plate, and the surface of the bottom plate is kept flat.
4. The experimental facility as claimed in claim 3, wherein the test blocks made of permeable material are formed by installing a plurality of test blocks made of permeable material with the same size at the openings of the bottom plate of the chute in the same manner, different numbers of test blocks made of permeable material are installed in the openings of the bottom plate of the chute according to the experimental requirement, and the opening parts without test blocks are replaced by filling blocks made of the same material of the bottom plate of the chute, so as to adjust the area of the test blocks made of permeable material.
5. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water collecting tank (2) is arranged below the opening on the bottom plate of the drainage tank for collecting water penetrating through the test block made of the water-permeable material, and a water outlet of the water collecting tank is positioned right above the first measuring water tank (3) below the opening on the bottom plate, and the collected water is injected into the first measuring water tank.
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the floor of the water collection sump (2) is parallel to the floor of the run-off sump, and that the upper edge of the water collection sump is fixedly connected to the run-off sump floor.
7. The experimental device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the open downstream end of the drainage groove bottom plate is provided with a drainage plate (10), the upper end of the drainage plate is fixed on the drainage groove bottom plate, the lower end of the drainage plate extends into the first water measuring tank and is opposite to the outlet of the water collecting tank, and the drainage plate receives water flowing out of the water collecting tank and conducts the water into the water measuring tank.
8. The experimental device according to the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a first gate (7) is arranged at the joint of the water injection tank and the drainage groove, and the gate is closed to store water in the water injection tank before the experiment is started; a second gate (8) is arranged upstream in the launder and is intended to be closed before the start of the experiment in order to prepare a rock/sand mixture in the launder between the first gate and the second gate.
9. The experimental device of claim 1 to 7, wherein the water injection tank is hinged to the drainage groove, so that the gradient of the drainage groove is adjustable.
10. The experimental device as claimed in claims 1 to 7, wherein the support is a frame body formed by connecting a plurality of vertical rods and horizontal cross rods in a detachable mode according to the height of each water tank.
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