CN111141652A - Horizontal drainage performance testing device - Google Patents
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- CN111141652A CN111141652A CN201911354015.7A CN201911354015A CN111141652A CN 111141652 A CN111141652 A CN 111141652A CN 201911354015 A CN201911354015 A CN 201911354015A CN 111141652 A CN111141652 A CN 111141652A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of drainage performance testing devices, and particularly relates to a horizontal drainage performance testing device which is used for testing the anti-clogging drainage capacity of a geosynthetic material under the conditions of different inclination angles and different water head heights, wherein a main structure comprises a water supply tank, a stirrer, a water delivery pipe, a drainage tank, a sewage pump, a high drainage hole, a low drainage hole, a drainage pipe, a water collection tank and a geosynthetic material; the device has the advantages of simple structure, environmental protection, energy conservation, easy realization, low manufacturing and using cost, accurate and reliable test result and very good application prospect.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of drainage performance testing devices, and particularly relates to a horizontal drainage performance testing device which is used for testing the anti-clogging drainage capacity of a geosynthetic material under the conditions of different inclination angles and different water head heights.
Background art:
geosynthetics are manufactured from synthetic polymers as raw materials into various types of products, including nonwoven fabrics, geogrids, geomembranes, composite drainage nets, geonet mats, and the like. The geosynthetic material has excellent functions of filtration, drainage, isolation and the like, is light in weight, high in tensile strength, good in permeability and corrosion-resistant, and is widely applied to construction of water conservancy, traffic, building engineering and the like.
At present, tunnel water leakage diseases occur frequently, the defects existing in the design of a tunnel water-proof and drainage system are important influencing factors, the existing water-proof and drainage system is more perfect, but the construction quality is limited, and the waterproof board is difficult to be dense and waterproof. Once the waterproof board is cracked, no drainage channel exists between the waterproof board and the two linings, groundwater seeps and silts between the waterproof board and the two linings, and finally seeps out from the weak part of the lining to generate seepage water.
In the using process of the geosynthetic drainage material, surrounding rock particles, silt particles and the like mixed in underground water under seepage motion can be intercepted and continuously accumulated on the inner pores or the surfaces of the geosynthetic drainage material, so that the permeability is reduced, therefore, the geosynthetic drainage material needs to have good anti-clogging capability, and the water guide performance under the clogging condition also becomes an important parameter for design and application. In the prior art, only an instrument for silting up geosynthetics in the vertical direction is provided, and a silting up test for draining water from geosynthetics in the vertical direction is also provided in road engineering geosynthetic material test regulation JTGE50-2006 and geosynthetic material test regulation SL235-2012, and the silting up test has no index value for clearly judging the silting up degree.
The drainage performance test device and the test method of the drainage geogrid disclosed in the Chinese patent 201910081800.3 are characterized in that the test device consists of a test box, a vertical load loading system and a test system; the test box consists of a stainless steel frame, a panel, side plates, a bottom plate and a top cover; the vertical load loading system consists of a rigid loading plate, a rubber air bag, an air guide pipe, a pneumatic pump and an automatic pneumatic regulating valve; the test system consists of a micro pore water pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument and a lead; the method can only measure the change of the pore water pressure of the soil body around the drainage geogrid under all levels of consolidation pressure to obtain corresponding design parameters, and provides a basis for the application design of the drainage geogrid; the novel module water storage and drainage performance testing device disclosed in Chinese patent 201920095288.3 comprises a testing component and a rainfall simulation component; the testing assembly comprises a testing module, and the testing module comprises a soil layer, a first geotextile, a ceramsite layer, a second geotextile and a water storage and drainage plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the testing assembly also comprises four module side plates and a module bottom plate which surround to form a testing groove, and the testing module is positioned in the groove of the testing groove; at least one water drainage groove parallel to the module bottom plate is arranged around the outer side wall of the test groove, each water drainage groove is communicated with the test groove, the bottom surface of each water drainage groove is respectively provided with a water drainage pipe communicated with the water drainage groove, and each water drainage pipe is respectively connected with a container with scales; the rainfall simulation assembly comprises a water tank, a water pump, a spray head, a water spraying valve, a flowmeter and the like; the design of a test component and a rainfall simulation component is adopted to simply simulate and test the water storage and drainage performance of the roof; and therefore, the device for testing the drainage capacity of the geosynthetic material in the horizontal direction under the clogging condition is designed and researched, and the drainage capacity, the permeability coefficient and the drainage benefit ratio in unit time are taken as indexes to provide reference for judging the drainage capacity of the geosynthetic material under the clogging-resistant condition.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and seeks to design a horizontal drainage performance testing device to effectively obtain the horizontal drainage performance of the geosynthetic material under the condition of silting.
In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the horizontal drainage performance testing device according to the present invention comprises a water supply tank, a mixer, a water pipe, a drainage tank, a sewage pump, a high drainage hole, a low drainage hole, a drainage pipe, a water collection tank and a geosynthetic material; the water supply tank is internally provided with a stirrer and is connected with the drainage tank through a water delivery pipe, the water delivery pipe is provided with a sewage pump, the upper part of the drainage tank is provided with a high drainage hole and a low drainage hole, the bottom of the drainage tank is provided with a drainage pipe, the water outlet of the drainage pipe extends out of the drainage tank, a water collection tank is arranged below the water outlet of the drainage pipe, the part of the drainage pipe, which is positioned inside the drainage tank, is provided with a groove, and geosynthetic materials connected with the inner wall of the drainage tank are; the length, width and height of the drainage box are respectively 500 mm, 250 mm and 750 mm; the vertical distance between the high drainage hole and the low drainage hole is 200 mm, the vertical distance between the high drainage hole and the top of the drainage box is 50 mm, and the vertical distance between the low drainage hole and the top of the geosynthetic material is 200 mm; the drain pipe is a phi 30 PVC pipe with the thickness of 2.5 mm, the length of the drain pipe outside the drain box is 100 mm, the vertical distance between the center of the drain pipe and the bottom of the drain box is 50 mm, and the slotting length of the drain pipe is 205 mm; the geosynthetic material is embedded in the drain pipe to a height greater than 20 mm.
The invention relates to a horizontal drainage performance testing device, which comprises the following steps:
test cutting: cutting the geosynthetic material into blocks with the width of 200 mm or 100 mm and the height of 250 mm, and measuring and recording the measured initial weight;
(II) test placement: embedding the geosynthetic material into the groove of the drain pipe, wherein the embedding height of the geosynthetic material is more than 20 mm, the back surface and two sides of the geosynthetic material are bonded by hot melt adhesive, and the top end is sealed by silica gel to prevent particles from entering from the top;
(III) laying a sand layer: the drainage pipe is wrapped by a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 50 mm laid on the drainage box, so that the soil body is prevented from being damaged due to seepage deformation or loss, and the water guide effect is improved;
(IV) angle adjustment: the laying angle of the inclined geosynthetic material is adjusted to 0-90 degrees, the laying angle is selected according to the actual laying condition of the geosynthetic material between the primary support and the secondary lining of the tunnel lining, the laying angle of the geosynthetic material at the side wall of the tunnel is 90 degrees, the laying angle at the arch waist is gradually reduced, and the laying angle at the arch top is approximately horizontal;
(V) filling a filter material: paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 250 mm above the coarse sand layer, filling the fine sand layer by 50 mm layer by layer and tamping the fine sand layer;
preparing a muddy water solution: selecting soil particles with the particle size of less than 1 mm to prepare the sand content of 7kg/m3Starting a stirrer to stir the muddy water solution, and starting a sewage pump to pump the muddy water solution to a drainage tank;
(seventh) waterhead regulation: selecting a 200 mm water head or a 400 mm water head according to requirements;
(eighth) drainage test: the muddy water solution enables a filter material layer consisting of the fine sand layer and the geosynthetic material to be gradually saturated with water, after the drainage quantity of the drainage pipe is stable, the drainage is started to be collected, and the water flow and the drainage time are recorded;
(nine) data calculation: calculating according to the recorded water flow and the water discharge time to obtain the water discharge rate, the comprehensive permeability coefficient and the drainage guide benefit ratio:
1. using the formula
Calculating the water displacement per unit time, wherein Q is the water displacement per unit time (cm)3/s)，QnIs total displacement of n times, t'nFor the nth recording end time, tnRecording the starting time for the nth time;
2. using the formula
Calculating a drainage rate, wherein v is the drainage rate (cm/s) and Q is the drainage per unit time (cm)3And/s), A is the seepage area, namely the contact area (cm) of the geosynthetic material with the fine sand layer and the coarse sand layer2)；
3. Using the formula
Calculating the integrated permeability coefficient, wherein kHealdThe method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a comprehensive permeability coefficient (cm/s), v is a drainage rate (cm/s), i is a hydraulic gradient, L is the distance (cm) from the top of a fine sand layer to the center of the geosynthetic material, and delta h is a water head difference, namely the distance (cm) from the water surface (a high drainage hole or a low drainage hole) to the center of the geosynthetic material;
4. using the formula
Calculating the benefit ratio of the guide and drainage, wherein d is the benefit ratio of the guide and drainage, and k isHealdIs the combined permeability coefficient (cm/s), kSandThe permeability coefficient (cm/s) of a single sand layer is measured through a soil test (constant head permeability test).
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that based on the condition that underground water in tunnel engineering is often mixed with surrounding rock fine particles and silt, the water amount is different in rainy seasons and dry seasons, and the laying angle of the geosynthetic material is different from 0-90 degrees, the actual working environment of the tunnel engineering is simulated, the horizontal drainage performance test can be carried out under different drainage conditions, and the anti-clogging drainage capability of the geosynthetic material under different conditions is obtained; the device has the advantages of simple structure, environmental protection, energy conservation, easy realization, low manufacturing and using cost, accurate and reliable test result and very good application prospect.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a main structure of a drain tank according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a main structure of a drain tank according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a main structure of a drain tank according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below by way of an embodiment example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the main structure of the horizontal drainage performance testing device related to the embodiment comprises a water supply tank 1, a stirrer 2, a water delivery pipe 3, a drainage tank 4, a sewage pump 5, a high drainage hole 6, a low drainage hole 7, a drainage pipe 8, a water collection tank 9 and a geosynthetic material 10; be provided with mixer 2 in the feed water tank 1, feed water tank 1 is connected with drainage box 4 through raceway 3, be provided with sewage pump 5 on the raceway 3, high outlet 6 and low outlet 7 have been seted up on drainage box 4's upper portion, drainage box 4's bottom is provided with drain pipe 8, drainage box 4 is stretched out to drain pipe 8's delivery port 80, drainage pipe 8's delivery port 80 below is provided with header tank 9, the part that drain pipe 8 is located drainage box 4 inside is slotted, the geosynthetic material 10 with 4 inner wall connections of drainage box has been set to the embedding in the groove.
The length, width and height of the drain tank 4 according to the present embodiment are 500 mm, 250 mm and 750 mm, respectively; the vertical distance between the high drainage hole 6 and the low drainage hole 7 is 200 mm, the vertical distance between the high drainage hole 6 and the top of the drainage box 4 is 50 mm, and the vertical distance between the low drainage hole 7 and the top of the geosynthetic material 10 is 200 mm; the drain pipe 8 is a phi 30 PVC pipe with the thickness of 2.5 mm, the length of the drain pipe 8 outside the drain tank 4 is 100 mm, the vertical distance between the center of the drain pipe 8 and the bottom of the drain tank 4 is 50 mm, and the groove length of the drain pipe 8 is 205 mm; the geosynthetic material 10 is embedded into the drain pipe 8 to a height greater than 20 mm.
Example 2:
when the horizontal drainage performance testing device related to this embodiment uses the capillary permeable drainage strip as the geosynthetic material 10 for testing, firstly, the capillary permeable drainage strip is cut into a block shape with a width of 200 mm and a height of 250 mm, and then the block shape is inserted into the groove of the drainage pipe 8, and the bottom of the capillary permeable drainage strip is inserted into the grooveThe depth of the part of the embedded drain pipe 8 is 20 mm, the laying angle of the capillary permeable drain belt is 90 degrees, the top of the capillary permeable drain belt is sealed by silica gel, and the drain pipe 8 is prevented from being blocked due to the fact that fine particles enter from the top of the capillary permeable drain belt; then, sequentially paving a coarse sand layer 90 with the thickness of 50 mm and a fine sand layer 100 with the thickness of 250 mm; finally, selecting soil particles with the particle size of less than 1 mm to prepare the soil particles with the sand content of 7kg/m3The method comprises the following steps of starting the stirrer 1 to stir the muddy water solution, starting the sewage pump 5 to pump the muddy water solution to the drainage tank 4, carrying out a drainage test by adopting a 400 mm water head, collecting the muddy water solution to the drainage pipe 8 after the muddy water solution passes through a filter material layer formed by the fine sand layer 100 and the capillary permeable drainage belt, starting drainage, and after the drainage quantity is stable, starting to collect the drainage and recording the water flow and the drainage time.
Example 3:
the horizontal drainage performance testing device related to the embodiment uses the non-woven geotextile as the geosynthetic material 10 to test, and the testing process is the same as that of the embodiment 2, except that the width of the non-woven geotextile is 100 mm, and the height is 250 mm; the non-woven geotextile has no drainage groove, and the top of the non-woven geotextile does not need to be sealed by silica gel; the laying angle of the non-woven geotextile is 0 degree; drainage tests were performed using a 200 mm head.
Claims (3)
1. A horizontal drainage performance testing device is characterized in that a main structure comprises a water supply tank, a stirrer, a water delivery pipe, a drainage tank, a sewage pump, a high drainage hole, a low drainage hole, a drainage pipe, a water collection tank and a geosynthetic material; the water supply tank is internally provided with a stirrer, the water supply tank is connected with the drainage tank through a water delivery pipe, the water delivery pipe is provided with a sewage pump, the upper part of the drainage tank is provided with a high drain hole and a low drain hole, the bottom of the drainage tank is provided with a drain pipe, a water outlet of the drain pipe extends out of the drainage tank, a water collecting tank is arranged below the water outlet of the drain pipe, the drain pipe is positioned in a part of the drainage tank to be grooved, and geosynthetic materials connected with the inner wall of the drainage tank are embedded.
2. The horizontal drainage performance test device of claim 1, wherein the length, width and height of the drainage box are 500 mm, 250 mm and 750 mm, respectively; the vertical distance between the high drainage hole and the low drainage hole is 200 mm, the vertical distance between the high drainage hole and the top of the drainage box is 50 mm, and the vertical distance between the low drainage hole and the top of the geosynthetic material is 200 mm; the drain pipe is a phi 30 PVC pipe with the thickness of 2.5 mm, the length of the drain pipe outside the drain box is 100 mm, the vertical distance between the center of the drain pipe and the bottom of the drain box is 50 mm, and the slotting length of the drain pipe is 205 mm; the geosynthetic material is embedded in the drain pipe to a height greater than 20 mm.
3. A horizontal drainage performance testing device according to claims 1-2, characterized in that when testing, it comprises the following steps:
test cutting: cutting the geosynthetic material into blocks with the width of 200 mm or 100 mm and the height of 250 mm, and measuring and recording the measured initial weight;
(II) test placement: embedding the geosynthetic material into the groove of the drain pipe, wherein the embedding height of the geosynthetic material is more than 20 mm, the back surface and two sides of the geosynthetic material are bonded by hot melt adhesive, and the top end is sealed by silica gel to prevent particles from entering from the top;
(III) laying a sand layer: the drainage pipe is wrapped by a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 50 mm laid on the drainage box, so that the soil body is prevented from being damaged due to seepage deformation or loss, and the water guide effect is improved;
(IV) angle adjustment: the laying angle of the inclined geosynthetic material is adjusted to 0-90 degrees, the laying angle is selected according to the actual laying condition of the geosynthetic material between the primary support and the secondary lining of the tunnel lining, the laying angle of the geosynthetic material at the side wall of the tunnel is 90 degrees, the laying angle at the arch waist is gradually reduced, and the laying angle at the arch top is approximately horizontal;
(V) filling a filter material: paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 250 mm above the coarse sand layer, filling the fine sand layer by 50 mm layer by layer and tamping the fine sand layer;
preparing a muddy water solution: selecting soil with grain size less than 1 mmThe sand content of the prepared particles is 7kg/m3Starting a stirrer to stir the muddy water solution, and starting a sewage pump to pump the muddy water solution to a drainage tank;
(seventh) waterhead regulation: selecting a 200 mm water head or a 400 mm water head according to requirements;
(eighth) drainage test: the muddy water solution enables a filter material layer consisting of the fine sand layer and the geosynthetic material to be gradually saturated with water, after the drainage quantity of the drainage pipe is stable, the drainage is started to be collected, and the water flow and the drainage time are recorded;
(nine) data calculation: calculating according to the recorded water flow and the water discharge time to obtain the water discharge rate, the comprehensive permeability coefficient and the drainage guide benefit ratio:
1. using the formula
Calculating the water displacement per unit time, wherein Q is the water displacement per unit time, QnIs total displacement of n times, t'nFor the nth recording end time, tnRecording the starting time for the nth time;
2. using the formula
Calculating the drainage rate, wherein v is the drainage rate, Q is the drainage quantity per unit time, and A is the seepage area, namely the contact area of the geosynthetic material with the fine sand layer and the coarse sand layer;
3. using the formula
Calculating the integrated permeability coefficient, wherein kHealdThe comprehensive permeability coefficient is adopted, v is the drainage rate, i is the hydraulic gradient, L is the distance from the top of the fine sand layer to the center of the geosynthetic material, and delta h is the water head difference, namely the distance from the water surface to the center of the geosynthetic material;
4. using the formula
Calculating the benefit ratio of the guide and the exhaust, wherein d is the guideExhaust benefit ratio, kHealdTo synthesize permeability coefficient, kSandThe permeability coefficient of a single sand layer is measured through a soil test.
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| CN111912758A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-10 | 太原理工大学 | Test device and method for measuring drainage capacity of ballast track bed in different dirty states |
| CN111912758B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-07-01 | 太原理工大学 | Test device and method for measuring drainage capacity of ballast track bed in different dirty states |
| CN112697673A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe |
| CN112697673B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-09-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe |
| CN114878437A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-09 | 四川大学 | Device and method for testing permeability of soft permeable pipe in tailing pond |
| CN114878437B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-04-14 | 四川大学 | Device and method for testing permeability of soft permeable pipe in tailing pond |
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