CN112697673A - Visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe - Google Patents
Visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697673A CN112697673A CN202011472047.XA CN202011472047A CN112697673A CN 112697673 A CN112697673 A CN 112697673A CN 202011472047 A CN202011472047 A CN 202011472047A CN 112697673 A CN112697673 A CN 112697673A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
Abstract
The application relates to a visual test device and a method for contact seepage damage of a through-dike non-pressure culvert pipe, which belong to the technical field of dike seepage damage simulation and comprise a test box, an upstream water head adjusting module, a downstream flow collecting module and a downstream sand output collecting module, wherein the test box is provided with a water inlet, the water inlet of the test box is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the upstream water head adjusting module; a percolation assembly is arranged in the test box at a position close to the water inlet; a culvert pipe closely attached to the side wall of the test box is fixed in the test box, one end of the culvert pipe, which is far away from the percolation component, penetrates through the side wall of the test box and extends out of the test box, and the culvert pipe is provided with a percolation hole; the side plate, the upper cover plate and the culvert pipe of the test box are transparent. This application can be to the seepage flow destruction development process of dykes and dams after the non-pressure culvert pipe damage of wearing the dyke, and can survey dyke soil body deformation condition and the inside rivers sand transportation motion condition of culvert pipe in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of simulation of dyke seepage damage, in particular to a visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of a through-dyke pressureless culvert pipe.
Background
In dam construction, culvert pipes for drainage are usually buried under the dam body. The inlet of the through-dike culvert is usually deep underwater, and belongs to a deep drainage or water discharge building. The through-dike culvert pipe has simple structure, convenient construction, short construction period and low cost, thereby being used in medium and small-sized projects more. The through-dike culvert pipe is generally divided into two types of a pressure culvert pipe and a non-pressure culvert pipe, and the through-dike culvert pipe is mostly a non-pressure culvert pipe in view of preventing the pipe body from leaking water so as not to influence the safety of a dam body.
Due to the fact that the culvert pipe is subjected to the pressure of the upper backfill soil body, uneven settlement of the surrounding fill soil, ageing of the culvert pipe and the like for a long time, cracks and holes are easy to generate on the pipe wall of the culvert pipe, and seepage is generated between the soil body and the culvert pipe. Seepage water in the soil body flows into the culvert pipe along the cracks and the holes, and water flow carries soil particles to enter the culvert pipe and is discharged from an outlet of the culvert pipe, so that cavities are generated in the soil body around the culvert pipe, the safety of a dam is threatened, and the dam break accident can be seriously caused.
The damage process of the dam is mostly simulated through a water tank test, but the current water tank test simulation device is less and not mature enough for the research of the contact seepage damage of the non-pressure culvert pipe, and cannot meet the requirements of scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to simulate the seepage failure development process of the dam after the non-pressure culvert pipe penetrating through the dam is damaged, the application provides a visual test device and method for the seepage failure caused by the non-pressure culvert pipe penetrating through the dam.
On the one hand, the visual test device that non-pressure culvert pipe contact seepage destroyed that this application provided adopts following technical scheme:
a visual test device for contact seepage damage of a through-embankment non-pressure culvert pipe comprises a test box, an upstream water head adjusting module, a downstream flow collecting module and a downstream sand discharge collecting module, wherein a water inlet is formed in a side plate of the test box in the horizontal direction, the top of the test box is opened and is sealed by a detachable upper cover plate, the water inlet of the test box is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the upstream water head adjusting module; a water permeable infiltration assembly for dividing the inner space of the test box is arranged at a position close to the water inlet in the test box; a culvert pipe which is horizontally arranged and vertical to the percolation assembly is fixed in the test box, the culvert pipe is tightly attached to the side wall of the test box, one end of the culvert pipe, which is far away from the percolation assembly, penetrates through the side wall of the test box and extends out of the test box, an opening is formed at one end of the culvert pipe, which extends out of the test box, to form a seepage outlet, and the seepage outlet of the culvert pipe is connected with a downstream flow acquisition module; seepage holes for simulating the damage of the culvert pipes are formed in the parts, located between the seepage assemblies and the side walls of the test box, close to the seepage outlets of the culvert pipes; the side plate, the upper cover plate and the culvert pipe of the test box are transparent and visual.
By adopting the technical scheme, the infiltration assembly divides the test box into two parts, the part close to the water inlet is an upstream water body area, the other part is a soil sample filling area, and the change of the soil sample in the test box and the change in the culvert pipe can be observed outside; utilize the continuous head that improves of water head regulation module that swims, the soil sample that is close to culvert pipe seepage hole in the proof box gets into inside the culvert pipe and carried out the culvert pipe along with the lapse of time under the drive of seepage to produce the hole and sink even in filling the soil sample, can carry out visual simulation to the development process of cross-embankment non-pressure culvert pipe contact seepage destruction, help the research to cross embankment non-pressure culvert pipe contact seepage destruction mechanism.
Preferably, the side wall of the test box, which is far away from the water inlet, is opened and is closed by a detachable side cover plate; the side cover plate is provided with a preformed hole, the culvert pipe is matched with the preformed hole and penetrates out of the preformed hole, and the wall of the preformed hole is sealed by sealant.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the side shroud, conveniently carry out filling of soil sample under the vertical state of proof box, make the soil sample can closely laminate with the upper cover plate at the in-process of compaction, avoid producing the space between soil sample and upper cover plate.
Preferably, the upper cover plate and the side cover plate are fixed on the test box by using a buckle assembly.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can be quick with upper cover plate and side apron install on the proof box or take off from the proof box.
Preferably, the culvert pipe is a semi-circular pipe, the plane of the semi-circular pipe is tightly attached to the inner wall of the test box, and the seepage hole is formed in the arc-shaped surface of the culvert pipe.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for the area of contact of the culvert pipe with the lateral wall of proof box increases, helps fixing the culvert pipe to the lateral wall of proof box on, also makes simultaneously have a bigger observation field of vision when observing the inside condition of culvert pipe.
Preferably, the side wall of the test box and the upper cover plate are respectively provided with a plurality of pressure measuring pipes, and the pressure measuring pipes are connected with a water pressure test module.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water pressure at different positions in the test box and the water pressure at different water head heights in the test process are detected, and data support is provided for subsequent analysis.
Preferably, the infiltration assembly comprises two opposing perforated filter plates and an infiltration layer sandwiched between the filter plates, the filter plates being connected by fasteners.
By adopting the technical scheme, the filter layer allows water flow to pass through and blocks soil body particles, so that the soil body particles are prevented from entering an upstream water body area, and the filter plate plays a role in supporting and protecting the percolation layer.
Preferably, camera modules are arranged above and on the side of the test chamber.
By adopting the technical scheme, the camera module is utilized to record the soil deformation and the inner condition of the culvert pipe in real time in the test process.
On the other hand, the test method of the visual test device for the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe adopts the following technical scheme:
a sample method of a visual test device for contact seepage failure of a through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing culvert pipes, and installing the culvert pipes in the test box;
s2, filling a soil sample, filling the soil sample into the test box layer by layer, and compacting and saturating the soil sample;
s3, increasing the water head step by step, and observing the deformation condition of the soil body in the test box, the seepage in the culvert pipe and the starting loss condition of the sand sample;
s4, replacing culvert pipes under different working conditions, and repeating the steps S2-S3;
and S5, analyzing the development condition and the formation mechanism of the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to the obtained data and images.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, simulate the development process of wearing dyke non-pressure culvert pipe seepage flow destruction, can observe clearly under the condition that the flood peak constantly improves the deformation condition of soil sample in the proof box and the development of the interior sand sample of culvert pipe and the mobile condition of rivers.
Preferably, in S2, the soil sample is horizontally filled, and when the soil sample is filled, the test box is horizontally placed, the upper cover plate is removed, and then the soil samples are filled in layers; and after the filling is finished, the upper cover plate is tightly covered.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, carry out level dress appearance to the proof box, can be fit for multiple type soil.
Preferably, in S2, the soil sample is vertically filled, when the soil sample is filled, the test box is vertically placed, the side cover plate is taken off, and then the sample is filled in a layered underwater throwing and filling mode; after filling, tightly covering the side cover plate, and sealing a gap between the wall of the preformed hole and the wall of the culvert pipe by using sealant; and then the test box is restored to the horizontal position, and the soil body is in close contact with the upper cover plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the mode of vertical underwater throwing filling to some great soil of granule to carry out soil sample and fill, guarantee can closely laminate between soil sample and the upper cover plate.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the visual simulation can be carried out on the contact seepage damage of the through-dike pressureless culvert pipe, so that the development process of the seepage damage is observed;
2. can adopt the culvert pipe of multiple different operating modes of being fit for, simulate the hole and take place in the condition of culvert pipe upper reaches, midstream, low reaches grade position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external overall structural schematic diagram of a visual testing device for contact seepage damage of a through-levee pressureless culvert pipe according to the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic external overall structure view in another direction of the visual testing device for contact seepage damage of the through-levee pressureless culvert pipe of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the visual testing device for contact seepage damage of the through-levee pressureless culvert pipe;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the internal structure of the visual testing device for contact seepage failure of the embankment non-pressure culvert pipe;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a side cover of the visual testing device for contact seepage failure of the embankment pressureless culvert pipe;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the culvert of the present application in a visual testing apparatus for contact seepage failure of a bulkhead pressureless culvert;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a testing method of the visual testing device for contact seepage damage of the through-levee pressureless culvert pipe of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a soil sample filling manner according to a first example of a test method of the visual test device for contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a soil sample filling method according to a second example of the test method of the visual test apparatus for contact seepage failure in a through-embankment pressureless culvert according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a test chamber; 11. an upper cover plate; 111. a reinforcing plate; 12. a side cover plate; 121. reserving a hole; 13. a water inlet; 14. supporting the frame edge; 15. a limiting block; 16. a sealing strip; 2. a diafiltration module; 21. filtering the plate; 22. a percolation layer; 3. a culvert pipe; 31. a seepage outlet; 32. a seepage hole; 33. inserting a column; 4. a water inlet pipe; 5. a support assembly; 51. a reinforcing plate; 52. a traveling wheel; 53. a support leg; 6. a piezometric tube; 7. a buckle assembly.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-9.
The embodiment of the application discloses visual test device that bank-crossing pressureless culvert pipe contact seepage destroyed. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the visual test device for the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe comprises a test box 1, an upstream water head adjusting module, a downstream flow collecting module, a downstream sand output collecting module and a camera module.
The test chamber 1 in this example was a rectangular parallelepiped and had dimensions of 50X 30X 20 cm. A water inlet 13 is formed in the middle of one side plate in the length direction of the test box 1, and a water inlet pipe 4 is connected to the position of the water inlet 13. The water inlet pipe 4 is connected with an upstream water head adjusting module. One side of the water inlet pipe 4 simulates the upstream of the water body. The upstream water head adjusting module adopts water head adjusting equipment commonly used in a water tank test, and the details are not repeated.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the top surface and the side surface of the test chamber 1 away from the water inlet 13 are open. The top end and the end far away from the water inlet 13 of the test box 1 are respectively provided with an upper cover plate 11 and a side cover plate 12 for plugging the opening. The box and the upper cover plate 11 and the side cover plate 12 of test box 1 in this embodiment all adopt colorless transparent organic glass to make to can observe the inside condition of test box 1, reach visual purpose.
And a plurality of pressure measuring pipes 6 communicated with the inside of the test box 1 are arranged on the two side walls of the upper cover plate 11 and the test box 1 in the width direction. The pressure measuring pipes 6 are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the test chamber 1. The pressure measuring tubes 6 may be arranged in a plurality of rows. The pressure measuring pipe 6 is connected with a water pressure detection module, and the water pressure detection module can be a water pressure sensor, a water pressure test meter or other instruments capable of detecting the pressure of the water body in the test box 1 in real time.
The outer surface of the side wall of the test box 1, which is provided with the water inlet 13, is fixedly provided with a supporting leg 53. The legs 53 serve to protect the water inlet 13 and the water inlet tube 4 when the test chamber 1 is erected.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the outer wall edges of the upper cover plate 11 and the side cover plate 12 are respectively provided with a reinforcing plate 111 fixed by screws, and the reinforcing plate 111 is a stainless steel plate. Outer surfaces of both side walls in the width direction of the test chamber 1 are provided with reinforcing plates 111 fixed by screws, respectively, near the edges of the upper cover plate 11 and the side cover plate 12.
The upper cover plate 11 and the side wall of the test chamber 1 and the side cover plate 12 and the side wall of the test chamber 1 are connected by a plurality of snap assemblies 7, respectively. The snap assembly 7 comprises a fastener fixed on the reinforcing plates 111 of the upper cover plate 11 and the side cover plate 12 and a fastener fixed on the reinforcing plate 111 of the side wall of the test chamber 1. Since the snap assembly 7 is a connecting member commonly used in the prior art for connecting two adjacent components, the detailed structure of the snap assembly 7 is not described in detail in this embodiment and should be well known to those skilled in the art.
And a supporting frame edge 14 with two ends in the length direction fixedly connected with two horizontally opposite side walls is arranged above one end, far away from the water inlet 13, of the test box 1. The end face of the supporting frame edge 14 facing the upper cover plate 11 and the top face of the side wall of the test box 1 are flush and are all fixedly provided with sealing strips 16, and the end face of the supporting frame edge 14 facing the side cover plate 12 and the end face of the side wall of the test box 1 facing the side cover plate 12 are flush and are all fixedly provided with sealing strips 16.
Fix upper cover plate 11 and side cover plate 12 on proof box 1 with buckle subassembly 7 respectively for the inside inclosed space that forms of proof box 1, sealing strip 16 prevents to appear the seepage under the inside circumstances that has water of proof box 1.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a percolation module 2 is arranged inside the test chamber 1 near the water inlet 13, and the percolation module 2 allows the water to pass through and create a barrier to soil particles. Limiting blocks 15 are fixedly arranged on the inner surfaces of the side walls of the test box 1 opposite to each other in the width direction. Stop blocks 15 are positioned on either side of percolating assembly 2 so as to clamp percolating assembly 2 in position.
The percolation assembly 2 comprises perforated filter plates 21 opposite along the length of the test chamber 1 and a percolation layer 22 sandwiched between the filter plates 21. The percolated layer 22 is geotextile or nonwoven. The opposite filter plates 21 are bolted to each other to clamp the filter layers 22. The space between the percolation assembly 2 and the inlet 13 forms an upstream water body zone. A soil-like fill area is formed between the infiltration module 2 and the side cover plate 12.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, a culvert 3 is fixed to an inner surface of one of the side walls of the test chamber 1 in the width direction along the longitudinal direction of the test chamber 1. The culvert pipe 3 is semicircular, and the horizontal end face of the culvert pipe is tightly attached to the side wall of the test box 1 and firmly attached by glass cement. The culvert pipe 3 is made of colorless transparent organic glass. The culvert pipe 3 is once closed in the length direction and is opened at one end. The closed end of the culvert 3 is closely attached to the filter plate 21, and the other end of the culvert passes through a reserved hole 121 formed in the side cover plate 12 and extends out of the test chamber 1. The shape of the preformed holes 121 matches the shape of the stent 3. The gap between the wall of the preformed hole 121 and the wall of the culvert pipe 3 is sealed by sealant.
The open end of the culvert pipe 3 is provided with a seepage outlet 31. The portion of the culvert pipe 3 positioned in the test box 1 is provided with seepage holes 32, and the seepage holes 32 are used for simulating holes formed after the culvert pipe 3 is damaged. In this embodiment, the effusion holes 32 open at the upper part of the stent 3. During the test, the water carrying the sand sample is discharged from the seepage outlet 31.
The connecting position of the pressure measuring pipe 6 and the side wall of the test box 1 is positioned above the culvert 3.
Referring to fig. 3 and 6, an insert post 33 is fixed to the end surface of the closed end of the culvert 3, and the diameter of the insert post 33 matches the diameter of the hole in the filter sheet 21 so as to be inserted into the filter sheet 21. The posts 33 may be able to act as a support for the stent 3, thereby enhancing the stability of the stent 3.
The seepage outlet 31 of the culvert pipe 3 is connected with a downstream flow detection module. In this embodiment, a flow rate measuring instrument commonly used in a water tank test is used.
The downstream sand output collecting module is also arranged at the seepage outlet 31 of the culvert pipe 3 and monitors the sand output of the culvert pipe 3.
The camera module is positioned above the upper cover plate 11 outside the test chamber 1 and on the side of the side wall to which the culvert pipe 3 is fixed. The camera module can adopt a high-definition camera, and the seepage damage development condition of the soil body is recorded in real time in the test process.
The upstream water head adjusting module, the downstream flow collecting module, the downstream sand output collecting module, the camera module and the water pressure detecting module are all conventional technical means, so that the technical means are not shown in the attached drawings.
The implementation principle of the visual test device for the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe in the embodiment of the application is as follows: install filtration subassembly 2 in proof box 1 and press from both sides between stopper 15, later utilize glass cement to paste culvert pipe 3 on the lateral wall of proof box 1 and set up seepage hole 32, take off upper cover plate 11 or side cover plate 12, pack soil sample simulation dyke and dam into proof box 1, connect inlet tube 4 and upstream water head regulation module at last and can test.
The embodiment of the application discloses a testing method of a visual testing device for contact seepage damage of a through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe.
Example one
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the testing method of the visual testing device for the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing culvert pipes: according to the simulation operating mode, carry out the trompil of seepage hole 32 according to upper reaches, midstream, low reaches and full pipe in the part that different culvert pipes 3 are located test box 1, the aperture size of seepage hole 32 is seted up according to the designing requirement, if 5mm, 2mm, the position of seepage hole 32 can be located upper portion, the lower part of culvert pipe 3 to can simulate the different destruction circumstances of culvert pipe 3 through changing culvert pipe 3.
The fabricated culvert 3 is installed in the test chamber 1.
S2, filling a soil sample: the test box 1 is horizontally placed, the upper cover plate 11 is taken off, soil is filled into the test box 1 in a layered filling mode, and saturation, compaction and exhaust treatment are carried out to ensure that a space is not reserved and a soil sample is filled between the side cover plate 12 and the filter plate 21 of the whole test box 1. After the soil sample is filled, the upper cover plate 11 is covered and locked by the buckle assembly 7.
Since the soil sample may not be closely attached to the upper cover plate 11 by horizontally loading the soil sample, a transparent bubble film is spread on the uppermost layer of the soil sample to fill the gap between the soil sample and the upper cover plate 11.
S3, gradually increasing the water head: the water inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the upstream water head adjusting module, water is added into the test box 1, the water level of the water in the upstream water body area is quickly raised to the height which is the same as that of the culvert pipe 3, the height of the water head is increased according to the speed of every 5min/cm, the time for the water to flow out and the time for soil particles to enter the culvert pipe 3 in the culvert pipe 3 are recorded, the deformation condition of the soil body along with the increase of the water head is observed, and when the soil body is greatly damaged, the water head is stopped being improved.
And recording the soil deformation process and the sand conveying movement condition of the water flow in the culvert pipe 3 by means of the camera module.
And the water pressure detection module and the downstream flow detection module are used for detecting the water pressure of the soil body and the seepage flow passing through the culvert pipe 3.
S4, replacing the culvert pipes 3 under different working conditions, and repeating the steps S2-S3.
And S5, analyzing the development condition and the formation mechanism of the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to the obtained data and images.
The soil sample filling mode in the embodiment is suitable for various types of soil, such as loam, sandy soil and the like.
Example two
Referring to fig. 7 and 9, the testing method of the visual testing device for the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing culvert pipes: according to the simulation operating mode, carry out the trompil of seepage hole 32 according to upper reaches, midstream, low reaches and full pipe in the part that different culvert pipes 3 are located test box 1, the aperture size of seepage hole 32 is seted up according to the designing requirement, if 5mm, 2mm, the position of seepage hole 32 can be located upper portion, the lower part of culvert pipe 3 to can simulate the different destruction circumstances of culvert pipe 3 through changing culvert pipe 3.
The fabricated culvert 3 is installed in the test chamber 1.
S2, filling a soil sample: the test box 1 is vertically placed, the side cover plate 12 is taken off, a soil sample is filled into the test box 1 in a layered underwater throwing filling mode, and compaction treatment is carried out.
The mode of adopting vertical loading soil sample can guarantee that soil sample and upper cover plate 11 closely laminate. After the soil sample is assembled and adjusted, the side cover plate 12 is fixed on the test box 1 by the buckle assembly 7, and the sealant is used for plugging the gap between the wall of the reserved hole 121 and the wall of the culvert pipe 3.
S3, gradually increasing the water head: the water inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the upstream water head adjusting module, water is added into the test box 1, the water level of the water in the upstream water body area is quickly raised to the height which is the same as that of the culvert pipe 3, the height of the water head is increased according to the speed of every 5min/cm, the time for the water to flow out and the time for soil particles to enter the culvert pipe 3 in the culvert pipe 3 are recorded, the deformation condition of the soil body along with the increase of the water head is observed, and when the soil body is greatly damaged, the water head is stopped being improved.
And recording the soil deformation process and the sand conveying movement condition of the water flow in the culvert pipe 3 by means of the camera module.
And the water pressure in the soil sample and the seepage flow passing through the culvert pipe 3 are detected by using the water pressure detection module and the downstream flow detection module.
S4, replacing the culvert pipes 3 under different working conditions, and repeating the steps S2-S3.
And S5, analyzing the development condition and the formation mechanism of the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to the obtained data and images.
The soil sample filling mode in this embodiment is suitable for large granule soil such as sand.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a visual test device that cross bank non-pressure culvert pipe contact seepage destroyed which characterized in that: the sand-discharging test device comprises a test box (1), an upstream water head adjusting module, a downstream flow collecting module and a downstream sand-discharging quantity collecting module, wherein a water inlet (13) is formed in a side plate of the test box (1) in the horizontal direction, the top of the test box (1) is opened and is sealed by a detachable upper cover plate (11), the water inlet (13) of the test box (1) is connected with a water inlet pipe (4), and the other end of the water inlet pipe (4) is connected with the upstream water head adjusting module; a permeable infiltration assembly (2) for dividing the inner space of the test box (1) is arranged in the test box (1) close to the water inlet (13); a culvert pipe (3) which is horizontally arranged and vertical to the percolation component (2) is fixed in the test box (1), the culvert pipe (3) is tightly attached to the side wall of the test box (1), one end, far away from the percolation component (2), of the culvert pipe (3) penetrates through the side wall of the test box (1) and extends out of the test box (1), an opening at one end, extending out of the test box (1), of the culvert pipe (3) forms a seepage outlet (31), and the seepage outlet (31) of the culvert pipe (3) is connected with a downstream flow acquisition module; the part of the culvert pipe (3) between the percolation component (2) and the side wall of the test box (1) close to the percolation outlet (31) of the culvert pipe (3) is provided with a percolation hole (32) for simulating the damage of the culvert pipe (3); the side plate, the upper cover plate (11) and the culvert pipe (3) of the test box (1) are transparent and visual.
2. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the test box (1) far away from the water inlet (13) is opened and is closed by a detachable side cover plate (12); the culvert pipe is characterized in that a preformed hole (121) is formed in the side cover plate (12), the culvert pipe (3) is matched with the preformed hole (121) and penetrates out of the preformed hole (121), and the wall of the preformed hole (121) and the wall of the culvert pipe (3) are sealed by using a sealant.
3. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 2, wherein: the upper cover plate (11) and the side cover plate (12) are fixed on the test box (1) through the buckle assembly (7).
4. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the culvert pipe (3) is a semi-circular pipe, the plane of the semi-circular pipe is tightly attached to the inner wall of the test box (1), and the seepage hole (32) is formed in the arc-shaped surface of the culvert pipe (3).
5. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the test box (1) and the upper cover plate (11) are respectively provided with a plurality of pressure measuring pipes (6), and the pressure measuring pipes (6) are connected with a water pressure test module.
6. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the percolation assembly (2) comprises two opposite perforated filter plates (21) and a percolation layer (22) clamped between the filter plates (21), the filter plates (21) being connected by means of fasteners.
7. The visual testing device for the contact seepage failure of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper side and the side of the test box (1) are provided with camera modules.
8. A method for testing a visual testing device for contact seepage failure of a piercingly pressureless culvert pipe according to any one of claims 2-7, wherein the method comprises:
s1, manufacturing culvert pipes, and installing the culvert pipes (3) in the test box (1);
s2, filling a soil sample, filling the soil sample into the test box (1) in a layered manner, and compacting and saturating the soil sample;
s3, increasing the water head step by step, and observing the deformation condition of the soil sample in the test box (1), the seepage in the culvert pipe (3) and the starting loss condition of the sand sample;
s4, replacing culvert pipes under different working conditions, and repeating the steps S2-S3;
and S5, analyzing the development condition and the formation mechanism of the contact seepage damage of the through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to the obtained data and images.
9. The testing method of the visual testing device for contact seepage failure of the embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 8, characterized in that: s2, horizontally filling a soil sample, horizontally placing the test box (1) when filling the soil sample, removing the upper cover plate (11), and then filling the soil sample in layers; after the filling is finished, the upper cover plate (11) is tightly covered.
10. The testing method of the visual testing device for contact seepage failure of the embankment pressureless culvert pipe according to claim 8, characterized in that: s2, vertically filling a soil sample, vertically placing the test box (1) when filling the soil sample, taking off the side cover plate (12), and then filling the sample in a layered underwater throwing and filling mode; after filling, tightly covering the side cover plate (12), and sealing a gap between the wall of the preformed hole (121) and the wall of the culvert pipe (3) by using a sealant; then the test box (1) is restored to the horizontal position, and the soil body is tightly contacted with the upper cover plate (11).
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