CN107764719A - A kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device and method - Google Patents
A kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107764719A CN107764719A CN201711187578.2A CN201711187578A CN107764719A CN 107764719 A CN107764719 A CN 107764719A CN 201711187578 A CN201711187578 A CN 201711187578A CN 107764719 A CN107764719 A CN 107764719A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
Abstract
A kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device and method, including constant pressure pool, permeable area, the collection of infiltration water and data processing area.Constant pressure pool adjustable water pressure difference；Permeable to divide into three sections, bottom is water inlet pipe, and constant pressure water flows to top by the part, and the section is additionally provided with draining valve, and when changing test specimen, superfluous water is discharged, convenient operation.Middle part is water-permeable pipe, water-permeable pipe dimidiation, can be taken apart, convenient to install test specimen.Upper tube is spillwag chute, and spillwag chute of the water penetrated by design, which flows out to, collects part.Connected between three parts with flange connection；Infiltration water is collected and data processing area is mainly by measuring water temperature, permeable amount system from host computer coefficient of permeability.The present invention can effectively avoid the common fault of most of coefficient of permeability measuring instrument, and test data is accurate, and test specimen installation connection is quick.Data record is convenient, when waterflow stabilization, presses testing button, system just tests the coefficient of permeability of test specimen, and store results automatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Material Testing Technology field, tests and fills more particularly to a kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient
Put and method.
Background technology
In recent years, China's level of urbanization development is accelerated, and city size, population are constantly expanded, and town site is drastically
Increase, shopping centre, residential quarters, square and road construction are huge, cause urban surface hardenability height, Permeable stratum area
Ratio be increased dramatically, rainwater infiltration amount is reduced, rainwash increase, aggravate the load of municipal drainage system significantly.Sponge city
City is applied to the road of pavement, square, park path and light load using pervious concrete as pavement material, also may be used from now on
Expand to common road road surface and the relatively large place of other loads.Pervious concrete by specific grading coarse aggregate (less or
Without fine aggregate), cement, water, while can also mix additive and admixture mix forms, have porous material high water-permeability concurrently (thoroughly
Water coefficient 1-20mm/s) and the corresponding mechanical property of concrete material, turn into cavernous body important in sponge city.Research and development
New high water-permeability, the pervious concrete of high intensity turn into concerning one of key factor of sponge urban construction effect.
Pervious concrete can meet the requirement on light-duty road surface as a kind of solidifying soil of temperature of ecological, environmental protective.Permeable cement mixes
Solidifying soil is required to meet the requirement of resistance to compression, anti-folding and water permeability, wherein, water permeability is the important indicator of pervious concrete.
《Water-permeable cement concrete pavement technique code》In, do not refer in full in the case of there is no bearing in test specimen bottom
How test specimen is fixed on precalculated position.There is no pressure-measuring pipe, it is impossible to accurate response test specimen upper and lower surface pressure differential.
In the blue or green gram text of indoor measurement _ Ji of macrovoid material permeability coefficient, using bottom in and top out through water mode.Reduce
Influence of the upper end water inlet initial velocity to hydraulic pressure.It can be good at fixing test specimen, be also convenient for that test specimen is installed.But below test specimen
Grid, reduce water permeable area.Water permeable area in tube wall is less than the cross-sectional area of test specimen.Therefore coefficient of permeability formula is utilized
The coefficient of permeability calculated has error.
In drainage asphalt mixture infiltration coefficient testing research _ Xu Haowen, instrument employs the Marshall not being stripped
Test specimen tests coefficient of permeability.The problem of using the advantages of test specimen being that side wall intercommunicating pore side leakage will not be faced.If test specimen side wall
Seal bad, form big intercommunicating pore between the sidewalls, can make it that experimental data is bigger than normal than True Data.In the Inlet and outlet water of test specimen
Both ends are equipped with pressure-measuring pipe, and the pressure differential of test specimen two ends can be calculated by piezometric level height.But shortcoming is the dress
Head difference can not be adjusted by putting.
In a kind of experimental rig _ Zhang Hewen for determining plastic concrete permeability coefficient, water permeable device is adapted to test permeable
The less test specimen of coefficient ratio, if the big test specimen of test coefficient of permeability, the volume measured through water is larger, no matter surveys volume or surveys
It is all inconvenient to measure weight.There is also the grid above and below test specimen simultaneously can reduce permeable section.Point out to be blocked up with encapsulant in the text
Firmly test specimen side wall, but which kind of material is not specifically mentioned, and be inconvenient to test specimen is installed.
Authorization Notice No. is：The U of CN 202562833 coarse porous concrete test specimen permeameter, the device are particular in that
Test specimen is passed through using current level, dexterously avoiding test specimen and soaring increases the problem of supporting and reducing permeable section.But
In the presence of it is same the shortcomings that, such as test specimen side wall sealing problem, test specimen installation it is inconvenient the problems such as.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the present invention provide a kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device and
Method, the common fault of most of coefficient of permeability measuring instrument can be effectively prevent, such as side wall leak, form intercommunicating pore；Do not change
Permeable cross-sectional area up and down, more accurate measurement coefficient of permeability.Present apparatus test data is accurate, and test specimen installation connection is quick.
Data record is convenient, when waterflow stabilization, presses testing button, system just tests the coefficient of permeability of test specimen automatically, and stores knot
Fruit.For up to this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device, including computing unit, bottom
Pipe, central tube, upper tube, constant pressure water tank and total water tank, one is connected between the lower tube, central tube and upper tube with flange
Individual entirety, the computing unit have touch screen displays, printing outlet and test start button, the bottom bottom of the tube to have water inlet pipe
And drainpipe, the water inlet tube end have into water pipe valve, the draining tube end has draining pipe valve, and the draining bottom of the tube is bottom
There are pressure measurement branch pipe one, pressure measurement branch pipe two and pressure measurement branch pipe three in plate, the central tube outside, and the pressure measurement branch pipe one passes through screw thread side
Formula is connected with pressure-measuring pipe one, and the pressure measurement branch pipe two is threadedly connected with pressure-measuring pipe two, and the pressure measurement branch pipe three passes through
Engagement thread is connected with pressure-measuring pipe three, and the pressure-measuring pipe one, pressure-measuring pipe two and the outer end of pressure-measuring pipe three are bent upwards, the upper tube
On be provided with ring-type flood level, be gathering ground on the ring-type flood level, the gathering ground is connected with collector pipe, the collector pipe
Lower end is placed with computing unit, and to collect water tank, the water inlet pipe connects the areas of permanent pressure branch of constant pressure water tank on the computing unit top
Pipe, the constant pressure water tank are placed on support, have flood level in the constant pressure water tank, the constant pressure water tank opposite side has overflow area
Branch pipe, the overflow area branch pipe take back flow tube, and the drainpipe connects total water tank, has suction pump and TEMP in total water tank
Device, the suction pump connect water pipe, the alignment constant pressure water tank suitable for reading of the upper hose.
Further improvement of the present invention, there is vertical strengthening ribs on the outside of the lower tube, the vertical strengthening ribs angularly around
Lower tube center line one week；
There is central tube ring stiffener in the middle part of the central tube, the central tube passes through vertical flange phase by two semi-circular tubes
Company forms, and the vertical flange of the central tube has the vertical flange otic placode reinforcement of a row；
There are upper tube vertical strengthening ribs, the upper tube vertical strengthening ribs on the outside of the upper tube of the ring-type flood level bottom
Angularly around upper tube center line one week, corresponding reinforcement is provided with order to improve integrated piping intensity.
Further improvement of the present invention, have inside the central tube outside the test specimen inside one layer of flexible compression layer or central tube
Flexible compression layer is cased with, waterproof material is filled between test specimen and central tube side wall, test specimen outside in being surveyed in intervalve with having one layer
Compressible material, ensure that test specimen side wall does not form intercommunicating pore, improve the data precision, and dividing plate can not be set below test specimen, no
Reduce permeable section, improve the data precision, set waterproof material to reach the purpose of water proof, so can with set of system
The test specimen of sizes is tested, it is more efficient.
Further improvement of the present invention, the support are adjustment height tripod, can adjust height tripod and set up constant pressure
Water tank, it can easily change the water tank water surface and upper tube flood level difference in height, it is convenient to test same test specimen under different hydraulic pressure
Coefficient of permeability.
Further improvement of the present invention, described always to have filter screen in water tank, the filter screen is in return duct bottom, the test dress
It is recirculated water to put reclaimed water, and upper tank returns to total water tank by return line flow from the water that overflow area flows out and followed after strainer filtering
Ring is used, and the present invention is designed using recirculated water, and sets up filter screen, impurity screening, after avoiding impurity recycling in return pipe delivery port
Blocking test specimen intercommunicating pore by test specimen influences coefficient of permeability, and water circulation uses, and can save water source, green.
Further improvement of the present invention, the bottom pipe range 300mm., water inlet pipe flow into lower tube after, have one it is long
Buffering area, original turbulent flow can be become stratified flow, so when through central tube, current are more before by test specimen
It is stable, experimental error can be reduced.
Further improvement of the present invention, the specimen size of the test device is Φ 150*300mm, Φ 100*200mm, with
And the circumscribed circle diameter such as 100mm*100mm*100mm is less than or equal to 150mm, test specimen (such as Φ highly less than or equal to 300mm
100mm*200mm、100mm*100mm*100mm).Device is carried out to be suitably modified applicable wider array of size range.
Further improvement of the present invention, coefficient of permeability or change are surveyed using constant head when the test device tests coefficient of permeability
Head tests coefficient of permeability, during the system testing coefficient of permeability, constant head can not only be used to survey coefficient of permeability, additionally it is possible to use
Varying head tests coefficient of permeability, after system water flowing is stable, closes the pumping source that draws water, and simultaneity factor starts timing, solid to producing
The head difference for determining elevation terminates timing.The purpose of a tractor serves several purposes is realized, is economized on resources；Coefficient of permeability in the case where having tested constant head
Afterwards, varying head coefficient of permeability can just be tested by closing the pumping source that draws water, and can reduce the installation process of test specimen, improve test effect
Rate.
Further improvement of the present invention, the water exit position of the collector pipe is equipped with current detector, after system water supply is stable,
By testing the current size of infiltration water, the power of suction pump is adjusted, reduces energy resource consumption, while reduce current size to permeable
The influence of coefficient.
A kind of method of testing of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device constant head of the present invention, specific steps are such as
Under, it is characterised in that：
Step 1：Test specimen is installed；
Test specimen side wrap one is first enclosed into flexible material, ready central tube is kept flat test specimen is put into it on the table
It is interior, central flange otic placode lay waterproof silicone film, then by second half central tube lay and by vertical flange bolt hole align after,
Connected with fishtail bolt, clamp test specimen；
Step 2：Connect instrument；
Middle part pipe flange otic placode and bottom pipe flange otic placode are bolted, top pipe flange otic placode and middle part tube method
Blue otic placode connection, pressure-measuring pipe one are connected through a screw thread with pressure measurement branch pipe three, pressure-measuring pipe two and the pressure measurement of two pressure-measuring pipe of pressure measurement branch pipe three
Connected in the same way between branch pipe one, pressure-measuring pipe is used to survey the hydraulic pressure and flow velocity that the cross-section of river is specified during experiment；
Step 3：Water flowing；
Suction pump is immersed in total water tank, and the water for pumped of drawing water is flowed into upper tank by upper hose；Work as areas of permanent pressure
During full of water, unnecessary water flows out to overflow area by flood level, then the return duct by being connected with overflow area branch pipe is back to
In total water tank.The water of areas of permanent pressure is introduced to lower tube by areas of permanent pressure branch pipe with water inlet pipe UNICOM, and constant pressure water is from the bottom to top in
Portion's pipe, upper tube test specimen, reach ring-type flood level, and collection water is collected into by collector pipe to gathering ground after flood level outflow
Case；
Step 4：Calculate coefficient of permeability；
The length of institute's test block is inputted on a touch-screen display, diameter, tests data needed for the experiment such as head difference, duration,
After the water flowed out reaches the stable state of requirement of experiment, click on computing unit and start, computing unit starts to weigh and timing, together
When temperature sensor by temperature data uploading to computing unit, computing unit timing certain time, and weigh and calculate the section
Through the weight of water in time, coefficient of permeability is calculated by formula；And export output result from printing；
In constant head water permeabillity test, hydraulic gradient i, i.e. test specimen two ends head difference keep constant；
Q/t=K*i*A=K* (Δ h/L) * A； (1)
In formula, Q is to ooze out water, cm3 in second time t；T is time of penetration, s；Δ h is aqueous upper in areas of permanent pressure
Surface and the difference in height of ring-type flood level spilling water, cm；L is piece lengths, cm；A is that current pass through the area of test specimen section, cm2；
Then coefficient of permeability can be obtained by following formula；
K=Q/ (A*t)=Q*L/ (A*t* Δs h)； (2)
If testing the coefficient of permeability of different head height differences, change the height of support, regulation head difference height, repeat to walk
Rapid four operation, measure the coefficient of permeability of different head differences；
The viscosity of water and water temperature are closely related, therefore the coefficient of permeability and water temperature that determine are also closely related, in different water
The coefficient of permeability of the lower measure of temperature is converted into standard coefficient of permeability；
Using 15 DEG C of water temperatures as normal temperature, the coefficient of permeability under normal temperature should be calculated as follows：
KT=K15×ηT/η15 (3)
In formula:
K15The coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during-normal temperature；
ηTThe power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at-T DEG C；
η15The power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at -15 DEG C；
ηT/η15The power coefficient of viscosity ratio of-water；
Step 5：Restore；
After first test specimen is completed, water inlet pipe valve is closed, and draining tube valve is opened, the water row remained in permeable area
Go out to liquid level and drop to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, close draining pipe valve；
According to from top to bottom, the principle first torn open being filled afterwards, test specimen is taken out, instrument is restored so that next time tests；
Experiment terminates；
Repeating the above steps one two three four can test other test specimens, if standard cube test specimen, then first by test specimen
Round outside but spuare inside shape cylinder foam block, subsequent operation are same as above in sidewall sheath.
A kind of method of testing of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device varying head of the present invention, specific steps are such as
Under, it is characterised in that：
Step 1：Test specimen is installed；
Test specimen side wrap one is first enclosed into flexible material, ready central tube is kept flat test specimen is put into it on the table
It is interior, central flange otic placode lay waterproof silicone film, then by second half central tube lay and by vertical flange bolt hole align after,
Connected with fishtail bolt, clamp test specimen；
Step 2：Connect instrument；
Middle part pipe flange otic placode and bottom pipe flange otic placode are bolted, top pipe flange otic placode and middle part tube method
Blue otic placode connection, pressure-measuring pipe one are connected through a screw thread with pressure measurement branch pipe three, pressure-measuring pipe two and the pressure measurement of two pressure-measuring pipe of pressure measurement branch pipe three
Connected in the same way between branch pipe one, pressure-measuring pipe is used to survey the hydraulic pressure and flow velocity that the cross-section of river is specified during experiment；
Step 3：Water flowing；
Suction pump is immersed in total water tank, and the water for pumped of drawing water is flowed into upper tank by upper hose；Work as areas of permanent pressure
During full of water, unnecessary water flows out to overflow area by flood level, then the return duct by being connected with overflow area branch pipe is back to
In total water tank.The water of areas of permanent pressure is introduced to lower tube by areas of permanent pressure branch pipe with water inlet pipe UNICOM, and constant pressure water is from the bottom to top in
Portion's pipe, upper tube test specimen, reach ring-type flood level, and collection water is collected into by collector pipe to gathering ground after flood level outflow
Case；
Step 4：Calculate coefficient of permeability；
Input the length of institute test block on a touch-screen display, diameter, the cross-sectional area of areas of permanent pressure, underwater in areas of permanent pressure
The data needed for experiment such as drop height, after the water flowed out reaches the stable state of requirement of experiment, close suction pump, stop supplying water,
Click on computing unit to start, computing unit starts timing, when increased water weight reaches experiment setting value in due-in header tank stops
Only timing, while temperature data uploading to computing unit, computing unit are calculated coefficient of permeability by temperature sensor by formula；And
Output result is exported from printing；
In varying head permeability test, the head difference change of hydraulic gradient, i.e. test specimen two ends, but seepage flow length does not become
Change, at this moment formula can be write：
dQ=K* (h/L) * Adt (4)
In formula, dQFor the water yield in second time dt, cm3；H be certain moment head, cm；
If transformation period is from t0To t1, the water level of change of water level section areas of permanent pressure is from h0Drop to h1, by converting and integrating.
Infiltration coefficient can be obtained by following formula：
Wherein a is the area of section of lower tube；
The viscosity of water and water temperature are closely related, therefore the coefficient of permeability and water temperature that determine are also closely related, in different water
The coefficient of permeability of the lower measure of temperature is converted into standard coefficient of permeability, for coarse porous concrete, it is specified that normal temperature and being converted into standard
Coefficient of permeability is necessary；
Using 15 DEG C of water temperatures as normal temperature, the coefficient of permeability under normal temperature should be calculated as follows：
KT=K15*ηT/η15； (3)
In formula:
K15The coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during-normal temperature；
ηTThe power coefficient of viscosity (kPa.s) of water at-T DEG C；
η15The power coefficient of viscosity (kPa.s) of water at -15 DEG C；
ηT/η15The power coefficient of viscosity ratio of-water；
Step 5：Restore；
After first test specimen is completed, water inlet pipe valve is closed, and draining tube valve is opened, the water row remained in permeable area
Go out to liquid level and drop to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, close draining pipe valve；
According to from top to bottom, the principle first torn open being filled afterwards, test specimen is taken out, instrument is restored so that next time tests；
Experiment terminates；
Repeating the above steps one two three four can test other test specimens, if standard cube test specimen, then first by test specimen
Round outside but spuare inside shape cylinder foam block, subsequent operation are same as above in sidewall sheath.
A kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device of the present invention and method, it successfully solves side wall leak
Forming intercommunicating pore causes test data inaccurate；Do not reduce the cross-sectional area in water section, and improve the data precision；Adjustable liquid
The face discrepancy in elevation, influence of the different height hydraulic pressure to coefficient of permeability can be tested for same test specimen；Recirculated water uses filter design, effectively
Avoid because test specimen residue blocks the error of intercommunicating pore；Designed using heavy caliber, below D=150mm cylinder examination can be tested
Part, standard cube test specimen.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is lower pipeline of the present invention and block diagram；
Fig. 3 is present invention middle part pipeline and block diagram；
Fig. 4 is pressure-measuring pipe schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is upper pipe of the present invention and block diagram；
Fig. 6 is water tank schematic diagram of the present invention；
Illustrate:
100th, computing unit；101st, water tank is collected；102nd, touch screen displays；103rd, printing outlet；104th, test start by
Button；200th, lower tube；201st, drainpipe；202nd, vertical strengthening ribs；203rd, water inlet pipe valve；204th, draining pipe valve；205th, bottom plate；
206th, bottom pipe flange otic placode；207th, lower tube flange bolt hole；300th, central tube；301st, pressure-measuring pipe one；302nd, pressure-measuring pipe two；
303rd, pressure-measuring pipe three；304th, central tube ring stiffener；305th, vertical flange bolt hole；306th, middle part pipe flange otic placode；307、
Central tube flange bolt；308th, pressure measurement branch pipe one；309th, pressure measurement branch pipe two；310th, vertical flange otic placode reinforcement；311st, pressure measurement
Branch pipe three；400th, upper tube；401st, collector pipe；402nd, ring-type flood level；403rd, gathering ground；404th, upper tube vertical strengthening ribs；
405th, upper tube flange bolt hole；406th, top pipe flange otic placode；500th, constant pressure water tank；501st, water inlet pipe；502nd, overflow area branch
Pipe；503rd, overflow area；504th, areas of permanent pressure branch pipe；505th, areas of permanent pressure；506th, flood level；507th, return duct；600th, total water tank；601、
Suction pump；602nd, temperature sensor；603rd, filter screen；604th, upper hose；700th, adjustment height tripod.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The present invention provides a kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device and method, can effectively prevent big portion
Divide the common fault of instrument, such as side wall leak, form intercommunicating pore；Do not change permeable cross-sectional area up and down, influence the true of coefficient of permeability
Measure.Present apparatus test data is accurate, and test specimen installation is easy to connect.Data record is convenient, when waterflow stabilization, press test by
Button, system just test the coefficient of permeability of test specimen, and store results automatically.
Each several part primary structure refers to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and the embodiment of the present invention includes：It is a kind of new
Permeation coefficient of permeable concrete test device and method, including：It is a kind of new the present invention solves the technical problem of providing
Permeation coefficient of permeable concrete test device and method, the common fault of most of instrument can be effectively prevent, such as side wall leak, shape
Into intercommunicating pore；Do not change permeable cross-sectional area up and down, influence the true measure of coefficient of permeability.Present apparatus test data is accurate, examination
Part installation is easy to connect.Data record is convenient, when waterflow stabilization, presses testing button, system just tests the saturating of test specimen automatically
Water coefficient, and store results.The present invention is made up of altogether three parts, and constant pressure pool, permeable area, infiltration water is collected and data processing
Area.When test specimen is installed, first by the circle flexible material of test specimen side wall parcel one, ready central tube 300 is kept flat and on the table will
Test specimen is put into it, lays waterproof silicone film in central flange otic placode 306, then second half central tube is laid and by vertical flange
After bolt hole 305 aligns, it is connected with fishtail bolt.Middle part pipe flange otic placode 306 and bottom pipe flange otic placode 206 are passed through
Bolt connection, top pipe flange otic placode 406 are connected with middle part pipe flange otic placode 306.Pressure-measuring pipe 1 and pressure measurement branch pipe 3 311
It is connected through a screw thread, pressure-measuring pipe 2 302 and pressure measurement branch pipe 2 309, using same between pressure-measuring pipe 3 303 and pressure measurement branch pipe 1
The mode of sample connects, and pressure-measuring pipe is used to survey the hydraulic pressure and flow velocity that the cross-section of river is specified during experiment.As shown in figure 1, suction pump 601
It is immersed in total water tank 600, the water that suction pump 601 is extracted out is flowed into constant pressure water tank 500 by upper hose 604；When areas of permanent pressure 505
It is that unnecessary water flows out to overflow area 503, then the backflow by being connected with overflow area branch pipe 502 by flood level 506 full of water
Pipe 507 is back in total water tank 600.The water of areas of permanent pressure 505 is introduced to bottom by areas of permanent pressure branch pipe 504 with the UNICOM of water inlet pipe 501
Pipe 200, constant pressure water by central tube 300, the test specimen of upper tube 400, reach ring-type flood level 402, from ring-type spilling water from the bottom to top
Face 402 is collected into by collector pipe 401 to gathering ground 403 after flowing out and collects water tank 101.When hydrostatic head method tests test specimen, touching
The length of institute's test block, diameter, data needed for the experiment experiment such as head difference, duration, water to be flowed out are inputted on panel type display 102
After the stable state for reaching requirement of experiment, click on computing unit 100 and start, computing unit starts to weigh and timing, while temperature
Temperature data uploading to computing unit 100, computing unit timing certain time are weighed and calculate the section by sensor 602
Through the weight of water in time, coefficient of permeability is calculated by formula；And export 103 output results from printing；Remain in permeable area
In water be expelled to liquid level and drop to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, close draining pipe valve 204, three-joint pipe upper tube and central tube taken
Under.When variable water level method tests test specimen, the length of institute's test block, diameter, the horizontal stroke of areas of permanent pressure 505 are inputted in touch screen displays 102
Sectional area, data, water to be flowed out reach the stable state of requirement of experiment needed for the experiment such as water surface falling head in areas of permanent pressure 505
Afterwards, suction pump 601 is closed, stops supplying water, computing unit 100 is clicked on and starts, computing unit starts timing, due-in header tank 101
Interior increased water weight stops timing when reaching experiment setting value, while temperature sensor 602 extremely calculates temperature data uploading
Unit 100, computing unit calculates coefficient of permeability by formula；And export 103 output results from printing；Remain in permeable area
Water is expelled to liquid level and dropped to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, closes draining pipe valve 204, three-joint pipe upper tube and central tube are removed.
Other test specimens can be tested by repeating aforesaid operations., then first will be round outside but spuare inside in test specimen sidewall sheath if standard cube test specimen
Shape cylinder foam block, subsequent operation are same as above.
Coefficient of permeability is calculated using formula
In constant head permeability test, hydraulic gradient i, i.e. test specimen two ends head difference keep constant；
Q/t=K*i*A=K* (Δ h/L) * A； (1)
In formula, Q is to ooze out water, cm3 in second time t；T is time of penetration, s；Δ h is contained in areas of permanent pressure (505)
The upper surface of water and the difference in height of ring-type flood level (402) spilling water, cm；L is piece lengths, cm；A is that current pass through test specimen section
Area, cm2；
Then infiltration coefficient can be obtained by following formula；
K=Q/ (A*t)=Q*L/ (A*t* Δs h)； (2)
If testing the coefficient of permeability of different head height differences, change the height of support, regulation head difference height, repeat to walk
Rapid four operation, measure the coefficient of permeability of different head differences；
In varying head permeability test, the head difference change of hydraulic gradient, i.e. test specimen two ends, but seepage flow length does not become
Change, at this moment formula can be write：
dQ=K* (h/L) * Adt (4)
In formula, dQFor the water yield in second time dt, cm3；H be certain moment head, cm；
If transformation period is from t0To t1, the water level of change of water level section areas of permanent pressure 505 is from h0Drop to h1, by converting and accumulating
Point.Infiltration coefficient can be obtained by following formula：
Wherein a is the area of section of lower tube 200
The viscosity of water and water temperature are closely related, therefore the coefficient of permeability and water temperature that determine are also closely related, in different water
The coefficient of permeability of the lower measure of temperature is converted into standard coefficient of permeability, for coarse porous concrete, it is specified that normal temperature and being converted into standard
Coefficient of permeability is necessary；
Using 15 DEG C of water temperatures as normal temperature, the coefficient of permeability under normal temperature should be calculated as follows：
KT=K15*ηT/η15； (3)
In formula:
K15The coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during-normal temperature；
ηTThe power coefficient of viscosity (kPa.s) of water at-T DEG C；
η15The power coefficient of viscosity (kPa.s) of water at -15 DEG C；
ηT/η15The power coefficient of viscosity ratio of-water；
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not the limit for making any other form to the present invention
System, and any modification made according to technical spirit of the invention or equivalent variations, still fall within present invention model claimed
Enclose.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device, including computing unit (100), lower tube (200), central tube
(300), upper tube (400), constant pressure water tank (500) and total water tank (600), it is characterised in that：The lower tube (200), middle part
An entirety is connected into flange between pipe (300) and upper tube (400), the computing unit (100) there are touch screen displays
(102), printing outlet (103) and test start button (104), water inlet pipe (501) and draining are arranged at lower tube (200) bottom
Manage (201), water inlet pipe (501) end has into water pipe valve (203), drainpipe (201) end and has draining pipe valve
(204), drainpipe (201) bottom is bottom plate (205), has pressure measurement branch pipe one (308) on the outside of the central tube (300), surveys
Press branch pipe two (309) and pressure measurement branch pipe three (311), the pressure measurement branch pipe one (308) threadedly with pressure-measuring pipe one (301)
It is connected, the pressure measurement branch pipe two (309) is threadedly connected with pressure-measuring pipe two (302), and the pressure measurement branch pipe three (311) is logical
Cross engagement thread with pressure-measuring pipe three (303) to be connected, the pressure-measuring pipe one (301), pressure-measuring pipe two (302) and pressure-measuring pipe three (303)
Outer end is bent upwards, and ring-type flood level (402) is provided with the upper tube (400), and ring-type flood level (402) periphery is
Gathering ground (403), the gathering ground (403) are connected with collector pipe (401), and it is single that collector pipe (401) lower end is placed with calculating
First (100), to collect water tank (101), the water inlet pipe (501) connects constant pressure water tank (500) on computing unit (100) top
Areas of permanent pressure branch pipe (504), the constant pressure water tank (500) are placed on support, have flood level in the constant pressure water tank (500)
(506), constant pressure water tank (500) opposite side has overflow area branch pipe (502), and the overflow area branch pipe (502) takes back flow tube
(507), the drainpipe (201) connects total water tank (600), has suction pump (601) and temperature sensor in total water tank (600)
(602), the suction pump (601) connects water pipe (604), the alignment constant pressure water tank (500) suitable for reading of the upper hose (604).
A kind of 2. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Under described
There are vertical strengthening ribs (202) on the outside of portion's pipe (200), the vertical strengthening ribs (202) are angularly around lower tube (200) center line one
Week；
There is central tube ring stiffener (304) in the middle part of the central tube (300), the central tube (300) is led to by two semi-circular tubes
Cross vertical flange be connected form, the vertical flange of the central tube (300) has the vertical flange otic placode reinforcement (310) of a row；Institute
Stating has upper tube vertical strengthening ribs (404) on the outside of the upper tube (400) of ring-type flood level (402) bottom, the upper tube is vertical
Reinforcement (404) is angularly around upper tube (400) center line one week.
A kind of 3. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In described
There are one layer of flexible compression layer or the flexible compression layer of test specimen overcoat of central tube (300) inside inside portion's pipe (300), test specimen is with
Waterproof material is filled between portion's pipe (300) side wall.
A kind of 4. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The branch
Frame is adjustment height tripod (700).
A kind of 5. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described total
There is filter screen (603) in water tank (600), for the filter screen (603) in return duct (507) bottom, the test device reclaimed water is circulation
Water, the water that upper tank (500) flows out from overflow area (503) flow back into total water tank (600) by return duct (507) and pass through filter screen
(603) Posterior circle is filtered to use.
A kind of 6. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The survey
The specimen size that trial assembly is put is applied to Φ 150*300mm and all test specimens less than the size.
A kind of 7. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The survey
Coefficient of permeability or varying head test coefficient of permeability are surveyed using constant head when trying device to test coefficient of permeability.
A kind of 8. novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The collection
The water exit position of water pipe (401) is equipped with current detector.
9. a kind of constant head method of testing of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device, is comprised the following steps that, its feature
It is：
Step 1：Test specimen is installed；
Test specimen side wrap one is first enclosed into flexible material, ready central tube (300) is kept flat and is on the table put into test specimen
In it, waterproof silicone film is laid in central flange otic placode (306), then second half central tube is laid and by vertical flange bolt hole
(305) after aliging, connected with fishtail bolt, clamp test specimen；
Step 2：Connect instrument；
Middle part pipe flange otic placode (306) and bottom pipe flange otic placode (206) are bolted, top pipe flange otic placode
(406) it is connected with middle part pipe flange otic placode (306), pressure-measuring pipe one (301) is connected through a screw thread with pressure measurement branch pipe three (311), is surveyed
Connect in the same way between pressure pipe two (302) and (303) pressure measurement branch pipe one (308) of pressure measurement branch pipe two (309) pressure-measuring pipe three
Connect, pressure-measuring pipe is used to survey the hydraulic pressure and flow velocity that the cross-section of river is specified during experiment；
Step 3：Water flowing；
Suction pump (601) is immersed in total water tank (600), and the water that suction pump (601) is extracted out is flowed into by upper hose (604)
Portion's water tank (500)；When areas of permanent pressure (505) is full of water, unnecessary water flows out to overflow area (503) by flood level (506), then
It is back to by the return duct (507) being connected with overflow area branch pipe (502) in total water tank (600).Areas of permanent pressure branch pipe (504) is with entering
The water of areas of permanent pressure (505) is introduced to lower tube (200) by water pipe (501) UNICOM, and constant pressure water passes through central tube from the bottom to top
(300), upper tube (400) test specimen, ring-type flood level (402) is reached, is passed through after flood level (402) outflow to gathering ground (403)
Cross collector pipe (401) and be collected into collection water tank (101)；
Step 4：Calculate coefficient of permeability；
The length of institute's test block is inputted in touch screen displays (102), diameter or area of section, constant pressure remove branch pipe (504) and ring
Data needed for the experiment such as head difference, duration between shape flood level (402), water to be flowed out reach the stable state of requirement of experiment
Afterwards, click on computing unit (100) to start, computing unit starts to weigh and timing, while temperature sensor (602) is by temperature data
Computing unit (100), computing unit timing certain time are uploaded to, and weighs and calculates in this time through the weight of water
Amount, coefficient of permeability is calculated by formula；And export (103) output result from printing；
In constant head permeability test, hydraulic gradient i, i.e. test specimen two ends head difference keep constant；
Q/t=K*i*A=K* (Δ h/L) * A； (1)
In formula, Q is to ooze out water, cm3 in second time t；T is time of penetration, s；Δ h is aqueous in areas of permanent pressure (505)
Upper surface and the difference in height of ring-type flood level (402) spilling water, cm；L is piece lengths, cm；A is face of the current by test specimen section
Product, cm2；
Then infiltration coefficient can be obtained by following formula；
K=Q/ (A*t)=Q*L/ (A*t* Δs h)； (2)
If testing the coefficient of permeability of different head height differences, change the height of support, regulation head difference height, repeat step four
Operation, measure the coefficient of permeability of different head differences；
The viscosity of water and water temperature are closely related, therefore the coefficient of permeability and water temperature that determine are also closely related, under different water temperatures
The coefficient of permeability of measure is converted into standard coefficient of permeability；
Using 15 DEG C of water temperatures as normal temperature, the coefficient of permeability under normal temperature should be calculated as follows：
KT=K15×ηT/η15 (3)
In formula：
K15The coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during-normal temperature；
ηTThe power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at-T DEG C；
η15The power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at -15 DEG C；
ηT/η15The power coefficient of viscosity ratio of-water；
Step 5：Restore；
After first test specimen is completed, water inlet pipe valve (203) is closed, and drainpipe (201) valve is opened, and is remained in permeable area
Water be expelled to liquid level and drop to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, close draining pipe valve (204)；
According to from top to bottom, the principle first torn open being filled afterwards, test specimen is taken out, instrument is restored so that next time tests；
Experiment terminates；
Repeating the above steps one two three four can test other test specimens, according to specimen size in Φ 150*300mm foam block
The bodily form of sample is cut out, subsequent operation is same as above.
10. a kind of method of testing of novel water permeable concrete permeable coefficient testing device varying head, is comprised the following steps that, its feature
It is：
Step 1：Test specimen is installed；
Test specimen side wrap one is first enclosed into flexible material, ready central tube (300) is kept flat and is on the table put into test specimen
In it, waterproof silicone film is laid in central flange otic placode (306), then second half central tube is laid and by vertical flange bolt hole
(305) after aliging, connected with fishtail bolt, clamp test specimen；
Step 2：Connect instrument；
Middle part pipe flange otic placode (306) and bottom pipe flange otic placode (206) are bolted, top pipe flange otic placode
(406) it is connected with middle part pipe flange otic placode (306), pressure-measuring pipe one (301) is connected through a screw thread with pressure measurement branch pipe three (311), is surveyed
Connect in the same way between pressure pipe two (302) and (303) pressure measurement branch pipe one (308) of pressure measurement branch pipe two (309) pressure-measuring pipe three
Connect, pressure-measuring pipe is used to survey the hydraulic pressure and flow velocity that the cross-section of river is specified during experiment；
Step 3：Water flowing；
Suction pump (601) is immersed in total water tank (600), and the water that suction pump (601) is extracted out is flowed into by upper hose (604)
Portion's water tank (500)；When areas of permanent pressure (505) is full of water, unnecessary water flows out to overflow area (503) by flood level (506), then
It is back to by the return duct (507) being connected with overflow area branch pipe (502) in total water tank (600).Areas of permanent pressure branch pipe (504) is with entering
The water of areas of permanent pressure (505) is introduced to lower tube (200) by water pipe (501) UNICOM, and constant pressure water passes through central tube from the bottom to top
(300), upper tube (400) test specimen, ring-type flood level (402) is reached, is passed through after flood level (402) outflow to gathering ground (403)
Cross collector pipe (401) and be collected into collection water tank (101)；
Step 4：Calculate coefficient of permeability；
The length of institute's test block, diameter, the cross-sectional area of areas of permanent pressure (505), areas of permanent pressure are inputted in touch screen displays (102)
(505) data needed for the experiment such as interior water surface falling head, after the water flowed out reaches the stable state of requirement of experiment, closing is drawn water
Pump (601), stop supplying water, click on computing unit (100) and start, computing unit starts timing, increases in due-in header tank (101)
Water weight stop timing when reaching experiment setting value, while temperature sensor (602) is by temperature data uploading to computing unit
(100), computing unit calculates coefficient of permeability by formula；And export (103) output result from printing；
In varying head permeability test, the head difference change of hydraulic gradient, i.e. test specimen two ends, but seepage flow length does not change, this
Shi Shizi can write：
dQ=K* (h/L) * Adt (4)
In formula, dQFor the water yield in second time dt, cm3；H be certain moment head, cm；
If transformation period is from t0To t1, the water level of change of water level section areas of permanent pressure (505) is from h0Drop to h1, by converting and integrating,
Wherein a is the area of section of lower tube (200).Infiltration coefficient can be obtained by following formula：
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
The viscosity of water and water temperature are closely related, therefore the coefficient of permeability and water temperature that determine are also closely related, under different water temperatures
The coefficient of permeability of measure is converted into standard coefficient of permeability, for coarse porous concrete, it is specified that normal temperature and to be converted into standard permeable
Coefficient is necessary；
Using 15 DEG C of water temperatures as normal temperature, the coefficient of permeability under normal temperature should be calculated as follows：
KT=K15×ηT/η15 (3)
In formula：
K15The coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during-normal temperature；
ηTThe power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at-T DEG C；
η15The power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water at -15 DEG C；
ηT/η15The power coefficient of viscosity ratio of-water；
Step 5：Restore；
After first test specimen is completed, water inlet pipe valve (203) is closed, and drainpipe (201) valve is opened, and is remained in permeable area
Water be expelled to liquid level and drop to below the lower tube mouth of pipe, close draining pipe valve (204)；
According to from top to bottom, the principle first torn open being filled afterwards, test specimen is taken out, instrument is restored so that next time tests；
Experiment terminates；
Repeating the above steps one two three four can test other test specimens, according to specimen size in Φ 150*300mm foam block
The bodily form of sample is cut out, subsequent operation is same as above.
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| CN108613914A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of multidirectional seepage flow test device of the asphalt of constant head |
| CN108776095A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-09 | 上海绿地环境科技股份有限公司 | The measurement device and method of a kind of sponge urban green space construction cavernous body infiltration rate |
| CN109342290A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
| CN109870398A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-11 | 中国有色金属工业第十四冶金建设公司 | Infiltration experiment system |
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| CN108613914A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of multidirectional seepage flow test device of the asphalt of constant head |
| CN109342290A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
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| CN110487699A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of experimental rig and test method of pervious concrete infiltration coefficient |
| CN110514586A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-29 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | A kind of piece water-stop glue water resistant compression testing device and test method |
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| CN111272634A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Permeable pavement permeability coefficient on-site measurement device and method |
| CN112394021B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Indoor testing arrangement of permeable pavement structure osmotic coefficient |
| CN112394021A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-02-23 | 西南交通大学 | Indoor testing arrangement of permeable pavement structure osmotic coefficient |
| CN115096784A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-23 | 湖南大学 | Determination of permeability coefficient of high-permeability concrete at nonlinear low flow rate based on Forchheimer theorem |
| CN115096784B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2024-04-19 | 湖南大学 | Determination of permeability coefficient of hypertonic concrete at nonlinear low flow rate based on Forchheimer theorem |
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