CN111335988A - 内燃机 - Google Patents
内燃机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111335988A CN111335988A CN201911099745.7A CN201911099745A CN111335988A CN 111335988 A CN111335988 A CN 111335988A CN 201911099745 A CN201911099745 A CN 201911099745A CN 111335988 A CN111335988 A CN 111335988A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- reducing
- reducing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100001143 noxa Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001321 HNCO Methods 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010759 marine diesel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
- F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有至少一个气缸的内燃机(20),优选为具有内径为至少200mm的至少一个气缸的大型船舶发动机,并且涉及一种用于减少内燃机的NOx排放的方法。气缸(21)适于以慢速发动机转速运行,最大发动机转速小于600rpm,优选小于200rpm,更优选小于150rpm,和/或最小循环时间大于0.1s。所述内燃机包括用于将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到气缸(21)中的至少一个配给单元(24),优选地,每个气缸(21)有至少一个配给单元。
Description
本发明涉及一种具有至少一个气缸的内燃机,优选为具有内径为至少200mm的至少一个气缸的大型船舶发动机,并且涉及一种用于减少内燃机的NOx排放的方法。
本发明涉及内燃机及减少其排放的技术领域。
本发明优选涉及如气缸的内径为至少200mm的大型舰艇或船舶发动机或固定式发动机这样的内燃机。发动机优选是二冲程发动机或二冲程十字头发动机。发动机可以是柴油发动机或汽油发动机、双燃料或多燃料发动机。在这种发动机中液体和/或气体燃料的燃烧以及自点火或强制点火都是可能的。
内燃机可以是纵向冲程的二冲程发动机。
术语内燃机还指不仅可以以燃料自点火为特征的柴油模式运行,而且还可以以燃料的主动点火为特征的奥托模式或者两者的混合模式运行的大型发动机。此外,术语内燃机尤其包括双燃料发动机和燃料的自点火用于另一种燃料的主动点火的大型发动机。
发动机转速优选低于800RPM,对于四冲程发动机尤其如此,并且更优选低于200RPM,对于二冲程发动机尤其如此,这表示低速发动机的指代。
燃料可以是柴油或船用柴油,也可以是重质燃油、乳液或浆液或甲醇或乙醇,以及气体,如液化天然气(LNG)、液化石油气(LPG)等。
可根据要求加入的其他可能的燃料有:LBG(液化沼气)、生物燃料(例如,由藻类制成的油)、氢气、来自CO2的合成燃料(例如由电转气或电转液制造的)。
大型船舶,特别是用于货物运输的船,通常由内燃机、特别是柴油和/或汽油发动机(主要是二冲程十字头发动机)来驱动。在发动机燃烧液体燃料(例如重质燃油、船用柴油、柴油或其他液体)以及气体燃料(例如LNG、LPG或其他)的情况下,燃烧过程的废气需要进行清洁以符合如IMO Tier III等现有规定。
通常称为Tier I至III标准等的IMO排放标准定义了现有和新型船用发动机的NOx排放标准。
对于大型船舶,排放要求一直在提高,特别是在氮氧化物排放方面。因此,需要减少由这些船的内燃机排放的废气中的氮氧化物的量。
SCR(选择性催化还原)技术用于减少内燃机废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)水平。SCR通常用于陆基发动机,例如重型车辆、工业厂房和其他应用。SCR技术也已与两冲程柴油发动机组合用于海洋环境。由于对于所述船用柴油发动机和陆基发动机的法规要求,对有效SCR系统的需求增加。
SCR可以基于用氨(NH3)还原废气中的氮氧化物。通常,通过将氨前体物质(如尿素溶液)注入内燃机的废气中来产生氨。例如,尿素溶液通过喷嘴喷入热废气中,在此液态尿素溶液与氨、二氧化碳和水蒸气反应。然后,氨在SCR反应器中的催化剂的影响下将氮氧化物还原为氮气(N2)和水(H2O)。由液态尿素产生氨是吸热的。因此,如果废气足够热,则尿素溶液的分解就是完全的,并且氮氧化物(NOx)就被还原为氮气(N2)。
因此,SCR催化剂通常只能在较高的温度下使用。只要尚未达到合适的温度,SCR催化剂就不能有效工作,必须绕开SCR催化剂,或者需要所谓的“燃料损失”来加热。典型地,需要大容量的SCR反应器,其中废气具有足够的停留时间。大容量SCR反应器需要大量空间,并且成本很高。
通常用于SCR技术的催化剂包括钒、由TiO2担载的钨或者是金属取代的沸石,例如Cu/沸石或Fe/沸石。钒促进NOx的氧化。但是,钒含量必须保持较低,因为否则在高发动机负荷和相应的高温下,SO2会被氧化成SO3,当超过一定浓度时SO3会在烟囱中和烟囱的下游产生硫酸蓝烟,必须不惜一切代价加以防止。较高的钒含量也可能导致在高于350℃的温度下将NH3氧化为NOx。因此,必须注入更多的还原剂。此外,较高的钒含量,尤其是钒和钨的组合,可以促进在高于350℃的温度下增加N2O产生。
WO2015/030660公开了一种用于控制燃烧机的方法,其中,将添加剂直接注入到燃烧机的燃烧室中。由于气缸内的温度通常较高,因此无需催化剂即可达到所需的反应速率。但是,如果温度不够高,不足以使添加剂蒸发,则添加剂可能会附着在壁表面上,并且可能会逐渐累积沉积物。WO2015/030660提出估算燃烧过程中产生的氮氧化物和燃烧室的温度,以便可以注入适量的添加剂。
直到下一个冲程发生前的时间窗口可能会引起另一个问题。当时间窗口不够长时,可能不会使用注入的所有添加剂。因此,无法完全实现所需的反应。未还原的氮氧化物和过量的还原剂会离开气缸。
混合不充分会导致进一步的复杂化。通常,由于壁比中心温度低,因此在中心位置会形成更多的氮氧化物,而在壁的附近较少。因此,更多的氨必须到达中心,而壁附近较少,否则中心的氮氧化物会遇到不足以进行还原的氨,壁附近的过量氨会泄露。
因此,本发明的目的是防止现有技术的缺点,特别是创造一种用于减少内燃机的NOx排放的内燃机以及方法,以确保降低的运行成本,减小的后处理系统的尺寸,使副反应产物(如N2O和SO3)的排放最小化和/或还原剂(例如氨或氨前体物质)的配给减少。
该目的通过下述内燃机实现,该内燃机具有内径为至少200mm的至少一个气缸,其中,该气缸适于以慢速发动机转速运行,其中,该内燃机包括至少一个用于将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到气缸中的配给单元。
该气缸适于以小于600rpm、优选小于200rpm、更优选小于150rpm的最大发动机转速运转。
附加地或另选地,该气缸适于以大于0.1s的最小循环时间运行。
还原剂可以是氨前体物质,如尿素溶液。优选地,还原剂是氨。
在气缸中,可能发生所谓的选择性非催化还原(SNCR)。
可以将氨或尿素注入气缸中,在此废气通常在760℃至1090℃之间,与燃烧过程中形成的氮氧化物反应。化学氧化还原反应的所得产物是分子氮(N2)、二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)。
尿素(NH2CONH2)通常比更危险的氨(NH3)更易于搬运和储存。在此过程中,它可以像氨一样反应:NH2CONH2+H2O->2NH3+CO2。
按照(简化的)4NO+4NH3+O2->4N2+6H2O发生还原。反应机理本身涉及NH2自由基,该NH2自由基与NO结合然后分解。
优选地,该发动机对于每个气缸包含至少一个配给单元。于是,还原可以在所有气缸中发生。
慢速发动机转速确保有足够的时间进行还原反应。还原剂有足够的时间在气缸内扩散,接触所有废气并充分混合。还原剂还与位于气缸中心的部分废气相遇,在此形成了大量的NOx。于是,一产生NOx就可以发生还原,并且在新的循环开始之前,不会将废气从气缸中喷出。在废气离开气缸时,在气缸内可能有未用于还原的残留还原剂。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,内燃机包括布置在气缸下游的用于减少NH3泄漏的装置。
如果不是所有注入的还原剂都用于气缸内的还原反应,则剩余的还原剂将与废气一起离开气缸,然后对于下一个循环,将注入新的原料和新的还原剂。
未反应的氨被视为污染物,因此应在废气离开烟囱之前将其除去。
用于减少NH3泄漏的装置可以包括SCR催化剂。
在SCR催化剂中,通常将还原剂、如无水氨、氨水或尿素用于将氮氧化物在催化剂的辅助下转化为双原子氮N2和水H2O。当使用尿素作为还原剂时,二氧化碳CO2是反应产物。
因此,SCR催化剂可以增强已经在气缸中开始的还原反应。由于大多数氮氧化物都已在气缸中被还原,因此全部废气中只有一小部分必须在SCR催化剂中进行处理。于是,仅需要小SCR催化剂。
SCR催化剂可以是SCR反应器的一部分,该SCR反应器包括用于添加剂、如尿素或铵的配给单元。因此,即使没有NH3泄漏并且不会有过量的还原剂从气缸排出的情况下,废气中的任何残留氮氧化物也可以被还原。
用于减少NH3泄漏的装置可以包含水解催化剂。
水解催化剂通常有助于将HNCO水解为NH3并将尿素分子分解为HNCO和NH3。此外,在高负荷下存在的废气温度下,不仅在水解催化剂中发生水解,而且还发生类似于SCR反应的副反应,其中,借助于从气缸中排出的过量NH3,NOx被显著还原。
用于减少NH3泄漏的装置可以包括NH3泄漏催化装置,例如氨氧化催化剂(AOC)。还原剂被吸附到催化剂上。
由于大部分的氮氧化物在气缸中被还原,所以用于减少NH3泄漏的装置仅用于除去残余物。因此,优选地,用于减少NH3泄漏的装置的总体积小于400l/MW。
在本发明中,催化剂的体积应理解为催化剂的包封体积。
在内燃机的优选实施方式中,用于减少NH3泄漏的装置包含钒,其中,优选地,相对于催化剂涂层的总重量,钒的百分比小于0.7%,优选小于0.5%。
钒促进NOx的氧化。但是,由于大部分的氮氧化物在气缸中被还原,所以用于减少NH3泄漏的装置仅用于除去残余物。因此,仅需要很小的钒含量。
钒含量保持在较低水平,使得仅有很低的SO3和N2O排放。
可以节省要注入的额外还原剂。
在本发明的有利实施方式中,内燃机包括用于向气缸供应新鲜空气的涡轮增压器。
废气被送至涡轮增压器的涡轮机,并用于使涡轮旋转。涡轮增压器的压缩机利用由涡轮机产生的旋转动力来对吸入气体、即新鲜空气加压。
典型地,还原催化剂布置在涡轮机的下游并且由烟囱排出,使得没有由于废气在SRC催化剂中的停留时间所致的压力降低。
在优选的实施方式中,用于减少NH3泄漏的装置,优选SCR反应器,布置在涡轮增压器的上游。
高压布置可提供更好的性能,因为在进入用于减少NH3泄漏的装置之前,废气并未显著冷却下来。此外,没有显著的压力下降,因为仅需要很小的用于减少NH3泄漏的装置,因此,在到达涡轮增压器之前,废气的行进时间很短。在使用含硫燃料的情况下,当废气温度过低时,可能生成硫酸氢铵。在涡轮增压器的下游,温度通常太低,因此必须人为地提高废气温度,以避免形成硫酸氢铵。这导致更高的消耗/成本。在涡轮增压器的上游,温度仍然足够高,使得没有硫酸氢铵形成。
在内燃机的优选的实施方式中,用于将还原剂配给到气缸中的配给单元包括用于产生气态NH3的预蒸发器。因此,一旦气态NH3进入气缸,还原反应就可以开始。不需要时间将尿素分子分解为NH3。
优选地,配给单元包括用于控制配给量的控制单元。
有利地,配给单元适于在每个循环中将一定量的还原剂配给到气缸内,该还原剂至少在化学计量上对应于在一个循环期间产生的废气。
因此,优选地,配给单元包括适于处理气缸数据(如关于负载、气缸中使用的燃料量、气缸中的温度和/或发动机转速的数据)的控制单元。配给单元可适于基于气缸数据确定要配给的还原剂的量。
所述控制单元可以适于设置进行配给的至少一个时间点和/或时间段。配给在时间上可以适应于活塞的运动。例如,当活塞向下移动时,可启动配给。如果将还原剂太晚(即在循环结束并且气体从气缸中排出前不久)配给到气缸中,则还原剂可能没有时间进行还原反应。
所述控制单元可以适于还原剂的连续配给。
在本发明的有利的实施方式中,内燃机包含NOx传感器。
NOx传感器指的是用于测量数据以实现指示NOx含量的装置。优选地,NOx传感器测量NOx值。
NOx传感器优选布置在气缸的下游。于是,NOx传感器提供有关气缸内还原反应的有效性的信息。
优选地,内燃机包括用于将测定的NOx值与参比值进行比较的控制单元。控制单元可以基于所测定的NOx值或基于所测定的NOx值与参比值之差来调节要注入气缸中的还原剂的量。
取决于所测定的NOx值或所测定的NOx值与参比值之差,可以增加或减少要配给的还原剂的量。
有利地,配给单元布置在与燃料喷射单元相同的轴向位置上。优选地,还原剂相对于气缸的轴以与燃料不同的角度注入。
配给单元可以布置在气缸的套和/或盖中。另选地或附加地,在活塞中可以有配给单元。
例如,配给单元可以包括围绕气缸容积相等地分布的多个喷嘴。
在离开气缸后,废气冷却。当仅在气缸下游的废气后处理系统中发生废气中的NOx还原时,通常,存在发动机负荷的第一阈值,在该阈值之下,在技术上不可能进行NOx还原。
在第一阈值和第二阈值之间,必须要有燃油消耗才能达到足够的温度,以使SCR催化剂正常工作。仅在第二阈值之上,SCR反应器才按期望运行。由于所有的NOx均在SCR催化剂中被还原,因此该催化剂必须提供足够的容量。这可能导致N2O和SO3的排放增加。
当NOx在气缸内被还原时,还原可以从极低的负荷开始。仅需要后处理系统即可除去过量的还原剂,并最终在非常高的负荷下除去不完全还原的NOx。因此,仅需要很小的后处理系统。因此,在小负荷下也能减少NOx,在较低的发动机负荷下也不必有燃料损失,并且不会过多排放N2O和SO3。
本发明的目的还通过下述用于减少内燃机、优选如上所述的内燃机的NOx排放的方法来实现,该方法包括以下步骤。
内燃机以小于600rpm、优选小于200rpm、更优选小于150rpm的慢速发动机转速和/或大于0.1s的循环时间运行。
将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到气缸中。
优选地,气缸中的NOx量减少至少50%,优选减少至少70%,更优选减少至少76%。
来自该燃烧过程的废气优选被清洁至符合如IMO Tier III等现有规定。
在该方法的有益步骤中,确定每个循环和/或每单位体积的气缸中要配给到气缸中的还原剂的量,使得还原剂的量在化学计量上与每个循环在气缸中产生的NOx的量相对应。
还原剂的量可以基于气缸中测定的NOx值来计算。
还原剂的量可以基于在气缸下游测定的NOx值作为反馈反应来计算。
还原剂的量也可以根据将燃料指令、发动机转速和气缸中产生的NOx量相关联的图表来确定。
在优选实施方式中,该方法包括测定废气中的NOx含量的步骤。
NOx含量可以在气缸中或气缸下游测定。
优选地,将测得的NOx含量与预定参比值进行比较。
更优选地,基于测定的NOx含量或所测量的NOx含量与参比值之差来调节配给到气缸中的还原剂的剂量。
在该方法的有利实施方式中,离开气缸的废气被引导至用于减少NH3泄漏的装置。
用于减少NH3泄漏的装置特别包括SCR催化剂、水解催化剂和NH3泄漏催化装置中的至少一种。
在下文中,通过附图在实施方式中进一步解释本发明:
图1:示出了燃烧机的实例的示意图。
图1示出了具有内径27为至少200mm的气缸21的内燃机20的实例的示意图。
气缸21适于以慢速发动机转速运行,最大发动机转速小于600rpm和/或最小循环时间大于0.1s。
内燃机20包括用于将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到气缸21中的配给单元24。
内燃机20包括布置在气缸21下游的用于减少NH3泄漏的装置22,该装置22优选包括SCR催化剂、水解催化剂和NH3泄漏催化装置中的至少一种,例如氨氧化催化剂(AOC)。
内燃机20包括用于向气缸21供应新鲜空气的涡轮增压器26。用于减少NH3泄漏的装置22,优选SCR反应器,被布置在涡轮增压器26的上游,使得废气在到达烟囱28之前通过涡轮增压器26。
配给单元24包括用于产生气态NH3的预蒸发器29。
配给单元24适于在每个循环中将一定量的还原剂配给到气缸内,该量的还原剂至少在化学计量上对应于在一个循环期间产生的废气。
内燃机20包括两个NOx传感器23(一个布置在气缸中,一个布置在气缸的下游),以及用于将测得的NOx值与参比值进行比较的控制单元25。
控制单元25适于调节要配给到气缸21中的还原剂的量。
Claims (15)
1.一种内燃机(20),其具有内径(27)为至少200mm的至少一个气缸(21),所述气缸(21)适于以最大发动机转速小于600rpm、优选小于200rpm、更优选小于150rpm的慢速发动机转速和/或大于0.1s的最小循环时间运行,其中,所述内燃机包括用于将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到所述气缸(21)中的至少一个的配给单元(24),优选每个气缸(21)有至少一个配给单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述内燃机(20)包括布置在所述气缸(21)的下游的用于减少NH3泄漏的装置(22),所述装置(22)优选包含SCR催化剂、水解催化剂和NH3泄露催化装置中的至少一种,例如氨氧化催化剂(AOC)。
3.如权利要求2所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述用于减少NH3泄漏的装置(22)的总体积小于400l/MW。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述用于减少NH3泄漏的装置(22)包含钒,其中,优选地,相对于催化剂涂层的总重量,钒的百分比小于0.7%,优选小于0.5%。
5.如权利要求2至4中任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述内燃机(20)包括用于向所述气缸(21)供应新鲜空气的涡轮增压器(26),并且所述用于减少NH3泄漏的装置(22),优选SCR反应器,布置在所述涡轮增压器(26)的上游。
6.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述配给单元(24)包括用于产生气态NH3的预蒸发器(29)。
7.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述配给单元(24)适于在每个循环中将一定量的还原剂配给到所述气缸中,所述还原剂至少在化学计量上对应于在一个循环期间产生的废气。
8.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述内燃机(20)包括NOx传感器(23),优选布置在所述气缸下游的NOx传感器(23),并且优选包括用于将测量NOx值与参比值进行比较的控制单元(25),更优选包括用于调节配给到所述气缸(21)中的还原剂的量的控制单元(25)。
9.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述内燃机(20)包括NOx传感器(23),优选布置在所述气缸下游的NOx传感器(23),并且优选包括用于将测量NOx值与参比值进行比较的控制单元(25),更优选包括用于调节配给到所述气缸(21)中的还原剂的量的控制单元(25)。
10.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内燃机(20),其中,所述配给单元布置在所述气缸的套或盖中,优选布置在与燃料喷射装置相同的轴向位置中。
11.一种用于减少内燃机(20)的NOx排放的方法,所述内燃机(20)优选为权利要求1~10中任一项所述的内燃机(20),所述方法包括以下步骤:
-以小于600rpm、优选小于200rpm、更优选小于150rpm的慢速发动机转速和/或大于0.1s的循环时间运行所述内燃机(20);
-将还原剂、特别是包含NH3的还原剂配给到所述气缸(21)中。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-将所述气缸中的NOx量减少至少50%,优选至少70%,更优选至少76%。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
确定每个循环和/或每单位体积的气缸(21)中要配给到所述气缸(21)中的还原剂的量,使得还原剂的量在化学计量上对应于每个循环在所述气缸中产生的NOx的量。
14.如权利要求11~13中的任一项所述的方法,其包括以下步骤:测定废气中的NOx含量,并且优选地将测量NOx含量与参比值进行比较,并且更优选地基于测定的NOx含量调节配给到所述气缸(21)中的还原剂的剂量。
15.如权利要求11~14中的任一项所述的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-将离开所述气缸(21)的废气引导至用于减少NH3泄漏的装置(22),该装置特别包含SCR催化剂、水解催化剂和NH3泄漏催化装置中的至少一种。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18214206.7A EP3670878A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Internal combustion engine |
EP18214206.7 | 2018-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111335988A true CN111335988A (zh) | 2020-06-26 |
Family
ID=64746254
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911099745.7A Pending CN111335988A (zh) | 2018-12-19 | 2019-11-12 | 内燃机 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3670878A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7446104B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20200077413A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN111335988A (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3936713A4 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-10-26 | JFE Engineering Corporation | DIESEL MOTOR |
DK181016B1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-09-26 | Man Energy Solutions Filial Af Man Energy Solutions Se Tyskland | A large two-stroke uniflow scavenged turbocharged internal combustion engine with ammonia absorption system |
CN114576028A (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-06-03 | 北京工业大学 | 一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机及其控制方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01318716A (ja) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 内燃機関の排気脱硝方法 |
AU2183692A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1993-11-18 | James W. Davis | Engine nox reduction system |
JP2003010644A (ja) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-14 | Meidensha Corp | 脱硝装置の尿素水気化器 |
US20030226545A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-11 | Dingle Philip J. G. | Direct in-cylinder reductant injection system and a method of implementing same |
DE102007044611A1 (de) * | 2007-09-19 | 2008-10-09 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
CN103161548A (zh) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-19 | 曼柴油机和涡轮公司,德国曼柴油机和涡轮欧洲股份公司的联营公司 | 具有废气净化的大型涡轮增压二冲程柴油发动机 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110265455A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Ammonia burning internal combustion engine |
JP5618803B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2014-11-05 | 日立造船株式会社 | 2ストロークエンジンおよび4ストロークエンジン |
JP5833326B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-12-16 | 日立造船株式会社 | 噴射装置 |
JP6019594B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2016-11-02 | 株式会社Ihi | 脱硝装置 |
DK177462B1 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-06-17 | Man Diesel & Turbo Deutschland | Large turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine with exhaust gas purification |
SE539587C2 (sv) | 2013-08-29 | 2017-10-17 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande och system för reglering av en förbränningsmotor |
DK179038B1 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2017-09-11 | Man Diesel & Turbo Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se Tyskland | A two-stroke internal combustion engine with a SCR reactor located downstream of the exhaust gas receiver |
-
2018
- 2018-12-19 EP EP18214206.7A patent/EP3670878A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-11-12 CN CN201911099745.7A patent/CN111335988A/zh active Pending
- 2019-12-06 KR KR1020190161561A patent/KR20200077413A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-12-18 JP JP2019227953A patent/JP7446104B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01318716A (ja) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 内燃機関の排気脱硝方法 |
AU2183692A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1993-11-18 | James W. Davis | Engine nox reduction system |
JP2003010644A (ja) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-14 | Meidensha Corp | 脱硝装置の尿素水気化器 |
US20030226545A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-11 | Dingle Philip J. G. | Direct in-cylinder reductant injection system and a method of implementing same |
DE102007044611A1 (de) * | 2007-09-19 | 2008-10-09 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
CN103161548A (zh) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-19 | 曼柴油机和涡轮公司,德国曼柴油机和涡轮欧洲股份公司的联营公司 | 具有废气净化的大型涡轮增压二冲程柴油发动机 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
乌锡康: "《有机化工废水治理技术》", 31 July 1999, pages: 212 * |
李兴虎: "《柴油车排气后处理技术》", 31 July 2016, pages: 69 * |
毛志伟: "《氮氧化物减排》", 31 August 2014, pages: 39 * |
环境保护部环境工程评估中心: "《环境影响评价技术方法 2011年版》", 28 February 2011, pages: 279 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20200077413A (ko) | 2020-06-30 |
JP7446104B2 (ja) | 2024-03-08 |
JP2020101179A (ja) | 2020-07-02 |
EP3670878A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10260392B2 (en) | Method and system for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a combustion engine | |
JP6114305B2 (ja) | 排気後処理システム及びそのシステムを操作する方法 | |
CN111335988A (zh) | 内燃机 | |
EP2691617B1 (en) | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the exhaust gas from internal combustion engine. | |
CN104847460A (zh) | 用于净化柴油发动机废气的方法 | |
JP2011527404A (ja) | 希薄燃焼内燃機関の排気ガス用の二元触媒NOx還元システム | |
EP2295753B1 (en) | Method for urea injection control | |
EP3670856A1 (en) | Exhaust gas aftertreatment system | |
US10167758B2 (en) | Product for the depollution of exhaust gases, especially from an internal combustion engine, and method for the depollution of exhaust gases using said product | |
US9181832B2 (en) | Exhaust aftertreatment system where an activator material is added to the reductant fed to the catalytic converter | |
JP7382781B2 (ja) | 排気ガス後処理システム | |
US10378405B2 (en) | Method for managing temperatures in aftertreatment system | |
CN117569899A (zh) | 船用燃料发动机尾气处理装置及方法、船舶 | |
WO2021161210A1 (en) | Device and method for the abatement or selective reduction of nitrogen oxides nox in combustion gas or fumes, in particular in gas or fumes generated by the activity of an internal combustion engine | |
Negoitescu et al. | Study on the Treatment of Exhaust Gases at Diesel Engines with the Purpose of Reducing the Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |