CN111333470A - Soil conditioner and soil conditioning method - Google Patents
Soil conditioner and soil conditioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111333470A CN111333470A CN202010087740.9A CN202010087740A CN111333470A CN 111333470 A CN111333470 A CN 111333470A CN 202010087740 A CN202010087740 A CN 202010087740A CN 111333470 A CN111333470 A CN 111333470A
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- soil
- soil conditioner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner and a soil conditioning method, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 portions and 2000 portions of weathered coal; 300 portions and 2000 portions of organic fertilizer; 50-100 parts of animal waste; 1-2 parts of soil loosening and water retaining agent, wherein weathered coal and organic fertilizer in a specific proportion are combined with animal manure and the soil loosening and water retaining agent to exert effects in a synergistic manner, so that the organic matter content and the nutrient content of soil can be rapidly improved, a plough layer can be rapidly conditioned and activated, an environment suitable for the growth maturity of crops is formed, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the crops, the crop growth is facilitated to the maximum extent, the crop biomass and yield are improved, and the soil output rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner and a soil conditioning method.
Background
In recent years, the occupation of arable land by economic rapid development and the requirement of national food safety on the arable land quantity and quality have become the main contradictions of the current arable land protection in China. In order to relieve the human mole shield and ensure the dynamic balance of land occupation and replenishment, the method urgently requires the arrangement, reclamation and development of the land, increases the newly-reclaimed land area and improves the land utilization rate. However, the phenomenon of covering the original mellow soil is easy to appear in the existing land leveling process, and the topsoil layer with good fertility and tillage performance disappears in large-scale engineering implementation. Newly cultivated soil formed by land reclamation and development is generally barren in soil layer, poor in soil structure, low in fertility level, less in available nutrients and low in productivity, and cannot meet the nutrients required by crop growth.
The improvement of the soil quality of the plough layer of the flat and the new reclamation dry land and the promotion of the curing of the flat and the new reclamation raw soil are necessary means for improving the productivity of the flat and the new reclamation dry land. Measures such as planting green manure turning, deep ploughing combined organic fertilizer application, straw returning, formula fertilization and the like are considered to have better fertilization effect. However, these measures still have slow promotion of soil fertility and productivity and poor improvement effect, and thus, an effective method for rapidly reconstructing a high-quality plough layer of a flat and newly-cultivated dry land is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of slow effect and poor improvement effect of the soil conditioner in the prior art, thereby providing the soil conditioner and the soil conditioning method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the animal waste is selected from at least one of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and earthworm manure.
Further, the animal waste is earthworm dung.
Further, the food additive also comprises 10-30 parts by weight of resistant dextrin.
Further comprises 12-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-60 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 5-15 parts of potassium fertilizer.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate;
the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or ammonium phosphate;
the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
Further, the soil loosening and water retaining agent is at least one of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol.
The invention also provides a soil conditioning method, wherein the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer in a rotary tillage mode before crops are planted.
Further, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 400-2050 kg/mu.
Further, the soil conditioner is applied at a frequency of once every one year to once every five years.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the soil conditioner provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that weathered coal and organic fertilizer in a specific proportion are combined with animal waste and soil loosening and water retaining agent to exert effects synergistically, so that the organic matter content and the nutrient content of soil can be rapidly increased, a plough layer can be rapidly conditioned, an environment suitable for the growth and maturity of crops is formed, the quality of dry land soil is rapidly improved, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the crops, the growth of the crops is facilitated to the maximum extent, the biomass and the yield of the crops are improved, and the yield of the land is improved.
2. The soil conditioner provided by the invention is preferably selected from earthworm dung, is an excellent soil biological conditioner, and can be better synergistic with weathered coal and organic fertilizer, so that the effect of the conditioner is improved, and the land output rate is further improved.
3. According to the soil conditioner provided by the invention, 10-30 parts by weight of resistant dextrin is added, so that the water retention performance of the soil loosening and water retaining agent can be improved, the using amount of the soil loosening and water retaining agent is reduced, the damage to soil caused by excessive use of the soil loosening and water retaining agent is reduced, the resistant dextrin can play a synergistic effect with an organic fertilizer, the improvement of the soil is accelerated, and the improvement effect is improved.
4. According to the soil conditioning method provided by the invention, before the crops are planted, the soil conditioner is applied to the plough layer in a base fertilizer mode through a rotary tillage mode, so that a proper plough layer can be quickly formed, and the crop yield is improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples were all those conventionally purchased from the market.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the formula of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 300kg of weathered coal, 300kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of earthworm cast, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 20kg of resistant dextrin, 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner in the embodiment comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung, polyacrylamide, resistant dextrin, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The embodiment also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 425 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, then rape and corn are planted on the plough layer in a rotation mode according to a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere at the corn jointing stage every year.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the formula of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 300kg of weathered coal, 300kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of earthworm cast, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner in the embodiment comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung, polyacrylamide, urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The embodiment also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 425 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, rape and corn are planted in a rotation mode according to a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the corn jointing stage every year.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the formula of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 1000kg of weathered coal, 1000kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of earthworm cast and 2kg of polyacrylamide. The preparation method of the soil conditioner in the embodiment comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung and polyacrylamide according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The embodiment also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 1102 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per 2.5 years, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode according to a conventional mode, NPK fertilizer is normally applied in the period, the NPK fertilizer consists of 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride in the formula amount are uniformly mixed and are applied once per year, the NPK fertilizer is applied to the plough layer before crop planting, and another 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the annual corn jointing stage.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the formula of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 2000kg of weathered coal, 2000kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of earthworm cast and 2kg of polyacrylamide. The preparation method of the soil conditioner in the embodiment comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung and polyacrylamide according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The embodiment also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 2102 kg/mu, the application frequency is once every five years, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode according to a conventional mode, NPK fertilizer is normally applied in the process, the NPK fertilizer consists of 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride in the formula are uniformly mixed and applied once every year, the soil conditioner is applied to the plough layer before crop planting, and another 15kg of urea is applied to the rhizosphere of the corn in the annual corn jointing stage.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the formula of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 300kg of weathered coal, 300kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of earthworm cast and 1kg of polyvinyl alcohol. The preparation method comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung and polyvinyl alcohol according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The embodiment also provides a soil conditioning method, wherein the soil conditioner is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application amount is 425 kg/mu, and the application frequency is once a year.
Comparative example 1
The blank control test is carried out without any treatment, namely rape and corn are planted in a rotation mode on the plough layer according to a conventional mode.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the soil conditioner having a formula: comprises 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner of the comparative example comprises the following steps: weighing urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
The comparative example also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner of the comparative example is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 85 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode in a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the corn jointing stage every year.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the soil conditioner having a formula: 300kg of weathered coal, 50kg of earthworm cast, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner of the comparative example comprises the following steps: and weighing weathered coal, earthworm dung, polyacrylamide, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The comparative example also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner of the comparative example is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 425 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode in a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the corn jointing stage every year.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the soil conditioner having a formula: 300kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of earthworm cast, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner of the comparative example comprises the following steps: weighing organic fertilizer, earthworm cast, polyacrylamide, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The comparative example also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner of the comparative example is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 425 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode in a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the corn jointing stage every year.
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example provides a soil conditioner and a method of making the same, the soil conditioner having a formula: 300kg of herbaceous peat, 300kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of earthworm cast, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 15kg of urea, 58kg of calcium superphosphate and 12kg of potassium chloride. The preparation method of the soil conditioner of the comparative example comprises the following steps: weighing herbaceous peat, organic fertilizer, earthworm dung, polyacrylamide, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer.
The comparative example also provides a soil conditioning method, before crop planting, the soil conditioner of the comparative example is applied to a plough layer by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 425 kg/mu, the application frequency is once per year, then rape and corn are planted in the plough layer in a rotation mode in a conventional mode, and in addition, 15kg of urea is applied to the corn rhizosphere in the corn jointing stage every year.
Examples of the experiments
The experimental example is carried out on a land for flat reclamation of the Tangshan streets in Jiangning district of Nanjing city of Jiangsu province in 2017 and 2019, wherein the land is a sloping wasteland before flat reclamation, no crops are planted, and the rotation system is corn and rape after reclamation. The field test was conducted with 10 test treatments, which were conducted by the soil conditioning methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively. In the test process, each treatment is repeated for three times, and the total number of the treatments is 30, the cells are randomly arranged, and the area of each cell is 40m2(4m × 10m) except for the corresponding cells in example 5, the rest of the cells are used for planting corn and rape in turn, the corn is selected from crystal color waxy corn (QN-51 × ZN-01), the row spacing of corn plants is 60cm, the plant spacing is 33cm, 210 plants are planted in each cell, the planting density is 3500 plants/mu, the rape is selected from Ning oil 22, the planting row spacing and the planting spacing are both 28 cm, the planting density is 8500 plants/mu, the corn is sown in the first year, namely 6 months in 2017, the corn is sown in the last ten days in 9 months, the rape is planted at the bottom of 9 months, the rape is sown at the bottom of 5 months in 2018, the corn is sown in the second year, namely 6 months in 2018, the corn is sown in the last ten days in 9 months, the rape is planted at the bottom of 9 months, the corn is sown in the last month, the whole corn growth period is only irrigated once in 8 months, other planting modes and management are consistent with local, the soil physical and chemical properties of the soil of each cell after two:
TABLE 1 influence of topsoil conditioning on the physicochemical properties of soil
As can be seen from the above table, compared with comparative examples 1 to 5, in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention, the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium in soil can be effectively increased, the physicochemical properties of soil can be significantly improved, and the activity of soil can be improved, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly improving the quality of soil in dry farming layers.
The following tables show the influence of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 on the growth and development of corn and rape planted for two years, respectively, the relative contents of chlorophyll in leaves at the milk stage of corn planted in the soil treated in each example and comparative example, the plant height and the finally harvested corn stalk quantity at the milk stage of corn planted in the soil treated in each example and comparative example, the corn yield and the green manure biomass of rape are measured by a portable chlorophyll meter, the contents in the following tables are average values of two years, and the percentage increase (%) of each content relative to comparative example 1(CK) is calculated.
TABLE 2 effects of topsoil conditioning on corn growth and development
As can be seen from the above table, compared with comparative examples 1 to 5, examples 1 to 4 of the present invention can significantly increase the biomass and yield of corn and the biomass of rape, and increase the yield of land, and further, examples 1 and 4 have more significantly increased corn yield and rape biomass by optimizing the composition of the soil conditioner.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
2. the soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the animal manure is selected from at least one of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and earthworm manure.
3. The soil conditioner of claim 1 or 2, wherein the animal waste is earthworm cast.
4. A soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising 10 to 30 parts by weight of a resistant dextrin.
5. The soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising 12 to 30 parts by weight of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5 to 60 parts by weight of a phosphorus fertilizer and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a potassium fertilizer.
6. The soil conditioner of claim 5, wherein said nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate; and/or the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or ammonium phosphate; and/or the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
7. The soil conditioner of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said soil loosening and water retaining agent is at least one of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol.
8. A method for conditioning soil, characterized in that a soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied to the cultivated layer by rotary tillage.
9. The soil conditioning method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the soil conditioner is applied in an amount of 400-2150 kg/mu.
10. A method of conditioning soil as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the soil conditioner is applied at a frequency of between once a year and once every five years.
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| CN202010087740.9A CN111333470A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Soil conditioner and soil conditioning method |
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| CN202010087740.9A CN111333470A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Soil conditioner and soil conditioning method |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109762570A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-17 | 陈运兰 | A kind of preparation method of salt-soda soil biological soil conditioner |
| CN110511097A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-29 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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- 2020-02-11 CN CN202010087740.9A patent/CN111333470A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109762570A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-17 | 陈运兰 | A kind of preparation method of salt-soda soil biological soil conditioner |
| CN110511097A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-29 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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