CN111320515A - 对低聚催化剂进行阶段定制更换的低聚方法 - Google Patents
对低聚催化剂进行阶段定制更换的低聚方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111320515A CN111320515A CN201911279081.2A CN201911279081A CN111320515A CN 111320515 A CN111320515 A CN 111320515A CN 201911279081 A CN201911279081 A CN 201911279081A CN 111320515 A CN111320515 A CN 111320515A
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- oligomerization
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及对低聚催化剂进行阶段定制更换的低聚方法,具体而言涉及在催化剂的存在下短链烯烃的低聚的至少两步法,其中催化剂的再生是按阶段定制的。
Description
本发明涉及在催化剂的存在下短链烯烃的低聚的至少两步法,其中催化剂的再生是按阶段定制的。
低聚通常被理解为是指不饱和烃与其自身反应形成相应的较长链的烃,即所谓的低聚物。因此,例如可以通过使两个具有三个碳原子的两个烯烃低聚来形成具有六个碳原子的烯烃(己烯)。两个分子彼此的低聚也称为二聚。
所得的低聚物是用于例如生产醛、羧酸和醇的中间体。烯烃的低聚是在大型工业规模上进行的,要么在均相中使用溶解的催化剂,要么在固体催化剂上非均相地进行,或者使用双相催化剂体系进行。
使烯烃低聚的方法在现有技术中是众所周知的,并以工业规模使用。仅在德国,每年的生产量就达数千吨。为了确保尽可能高的转化率并使低聚反应尽可能连续运作,工业设备通常包含不仅一个,而是至少两个连续的反应阶段。结果是,即使在一个反应阶段失败的情况下,低聚过程也可以保持运作。
用于烯烃低聚的催化剂具有很高的活性,有时会根据特定的低聚方法进行调整。但是,所使用的催化剂随着时间的流逝会因老化和/或中毒而失去活性,并且转化为所需低聚物的转化率降低。因此,在所有反应阶段中,低聚催化剂通常以约4至6年(48至72个月)的间隔更换为新鲜的低聚催化剂。
在已知的低聚催化剂更换中,首先排空第一反应阶段的反应器,并使用新鲜的催化剂。在这种情况下,新鲜的催化剂可以是已经使用但再生的催化剂或新生产的催化剂。在第一反应阶段中更换催化剂期间,将包含要低聚的烯烃的起始混合物在第一反应阶段附近转移,并且随后的一个或多个反应阶段的反应器继续运行。在第一反应阶段成功更换催化剂材料后,将其再次投入运行,紧接着绕过第二反应阶段的一个或多个反应器并更换它们的催化剂。然后以相同的方式对可选地存在的第三和可选另外的反应阶段进行操作。
作为这种更换概念的结果,装置在很长一段时间中在比正常运行少一个反应阶段的状态下运行,即在每个单独的反应阶段中从催化剂更换的开始到结束。这导致相应的长期持续转化损失。在填充到反应器中之前对催化剂的处理还可导致启动时间延长,即为了获得期望的转化率以及产物质量所需的催化剂时间。连同催化剂更换中提到的问题一起,总的结果是在相当长的时间内转化率显著下降。同样出于经济原因,这种情况也是不希望的。
本发明的目的是提供一种不存在上述问题的用于烯烃低聚具有至少两个反应阶段的方法。通过根据权利要求1的低聚方法实现了本发明的基本目的。优选的配置在从属权利要求中指定。
根据本发明的方法是用于对C3-至C6-烯烃进行低聚的方法,其中使用包含C3-至C6-烯烃的起始混合物,并且从该混合物中已至少部分去除作为催化剂毒物的含氮、氧和/或硫的杂质,
其中低聚反应是在至少两个连续的反应阶段中进行的,每个反应阶段均由至少一个反应器和至少一个蒸馏塔组成,在每种情况下均使用具有15-40重量%的NiO、5-30重量%的Al2O3、55-80重量%的SiO2,以及0.01-2.5重量%的碱金属氧化物的组成的低聚催化剂,并且
其中至少第一反应阶段的反应器等温运行,其特征在于
将第一反应阶段中的低聚催化剂最迟在47个月后,优选最迟在45个月后,特别优选最迟在43个月后更换为新鲜的低聚催化剂,
并且在接下来的反应阶段(一个或多个)中,低聚催化剂最早在48个月后并且最迟在72个月后更换成新鲜的低聚催化剂。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“反应阶段”包含从一个或多个反应器到一个或多个蒸馏塔。在蒸馏塔中,剩余的包含例如烷烃和未反应的烯烃的起始混合物特别地与产生的产物低聚物分离。可以并入反应阶段的典型的工艺工程辅助单元(诸如进料的预热器、热交换器或类似物)在这里没有单独列出,但对本领域技术人员来说是熟悉的。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“新鲜的低聚催化剂”是指新生产的催化剂和再生的催化剂,其为已经用于低聚反应器中,但在移除后已经通过下述方法进行了再生。
关于在特定反应阶段中最迟或最早更换催化剂的月数的陈述,根据本发明的方法总是指在特定反应阶段中催化剂的最后更换。因此,根据本发明,第一反应阶段的更换间隔比后续反应阶段的更换间隔短。因此,第一反应阶段的催化剂在第一反应阶段中使用该催化剂最晚47个月后更换,因此在随后反应阶段中的催化剂在使用这些催化剂最早48个月后进行更换。因此对于不同的阶段,从开始计数月数的开始时间也可以是相同的,即如果在同一时间催化剂已被更换的话。
利用描述的用于低聚催化剂的更换的方法,可以显著缩短其中转化率下降的催化剂更换的时间段。已经令人惊奇地发现,与后续反应阶段中的催化剂相比,第一反应阶段的反应器中的催化剂老化更快和/或中毒更快。如果在本发明的第一反应阶段的一个或多个反应器中的催化剂比在随后的反应阶段(一个或多个)中的更频繁地进行更换,则由于在一个反应阶段中现在必须更换的催化剂减少,从而缩短了随后阶段(一个或多个)的催化剂更换的总时间段。
但是,确实延长了在所有反应阶段中进行的催化剂更换的相加的总时间,因为与常规更换相比,第一反应阶段的反应器中的催化剂更换地更加频繁。然而这伴随着这样的事实,即可以在所有随后的反应阶段中同时进行约48至72个月的正常循环中的剩余催化剂的更换,并因此停机时间总体上大大减少。另外通过根据本发明的方法实现了,与在48至72个月的正常间隔内更换的催化剂相比,由于使用催化剂的时间以及其中老化和中毒过程可以进行的时间较短,在第一反应阶段的一个或多个反应器中的催化剂活性不再急剧下降。
结果令人惊讶地表明,与其中所有反应阶段的催化剂均通常在48至72个月中进行更换的已知方法相比,本发明方法中的转化率损失总体上较低并且在较长的时间段内得到较高的平均转化率。
广泛地如下执行根据本发明的方法:起始点是在两个或更多个、至少两个反应阶段中使烯烃低聚的方法。在例如通过反应产物的GC分析可以观察到的催化剂活性下降的情况下,第一反应阶段中的低聚催化剂首先被更换,最晚在开始使用36个月后进行更换。为此目的,将包含要低聚的烯烃的起始混合物在第一反应阶段附近转移并直接传递至第二反应阶段。可以从现在不再装有烯烃的第一反应阶段的反应器(一个或多个)中取出低聚催化剂。然后首先用惰性气体吹扫绕过的反应阶段的反应器(一个或多个),以除去挥发性有机物质。然后打开反应器并取出催化剂。从反应器(一个或多个)中取出催化剂后,立即将其填充新鲜的低聚催化剂。然后启动一个或多个反应器,并且在启动程序完成之后,反应阶段再次完全参与作为第一反应阶段。在48个月至最迟72个月之后,然后在第二和可能的进一步反应阶段中更换催化剂,类似于针对第一反应阶段所说明的程序。
根据本发明的方法包含至少两个反应阶段。在一个优选的实施方式中,低聚方法包含最多五个反应阶段。特别优选的是具有三个、四个或五个反应阶段的工艺方案。这些反应阶段中的每一个彼此独立地包含一个或多个反应器和一个或多个蒸馏塔,以便从残余的起始混合物中分离出形成的低聚物。然而也可以想到,反应阶段之一包含两个或更多个反应器,而在先前或随后的反应阶段中仅存在一个反应器。
至少第一反应阶段的反应器等温运行,因此以本领域技术人员已知的方式冷却,例如使用冷却介质,以便在整个反应器(一个或多个)中保持尽可能恒定的温度。在一个优选的实施方式中,每个反应阶段中的所有反应器均等温运行。在一个反应阶段,特别是最后一个反应阶段中的一个或多个反应器,也可以绝热运行。表述“绝热运行”应理解为是指在相应反应阶段中的反应器(一个或多个)未主动冷却。取而代之的是,在低聚过程中释放出的热量与产物流一起从反应器中带出,其中在下游蒸馏塔中蒸发所需的能量更少,因此可以在节省更多能量下进行蒸馏。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,第二反应阶段和每个另外的反应阶段的反应器(一个或多个)的体积等于前一个反应阶段的体积,或者在每种情况下小于前一个反应阶段的体积,因为在第二反应阶段和每个另外的反应阶段的各自流中的烯烃进料量通常较低。
可用于本发明方法的烯烃是C3至C6烯烃,优选C3至C5烯烃,特别优选C4烯烃,或基于它们的烯烃混合物,其也可包含一定比例的类似烷烃。合适的烯烃尤其是α-烯烃、n-烯烃和环烯烃,优选n-烯烃。在一个优选的实施方式中,烯烃是正丁烯。
烯烃通常不以纯净形式作为反应物,而是以可用的工业级混合物形式。因此,在本发明中另外使用的术语“起始混合物”应理解为包含任何类型的含有可以经济地进行低聚的量的要低聚的相关烯烃的混合物。根据本发明使用的起始混合物优选地实际上不含其他不饱和化合物和多不饱和化合物,诸如二烯或乙炔衍生物。优选使用包含基于烯烃比例小于5重量%,特别是小于2重量%的支化烯烃的起始混合物。
丙烯通过石脑油裂解以大型工业规模生产,并且是容易获得的市售化学品。C5-烯烃存在于来自炼油厂或裂化器的轻质石油馏分中。包含线性C4烯烃的工业混合物是炼油厂的轻质石油馏分、FC裂化器或蒸汽裂化器的C4馏分、费托合成的混合物、丁烷脱氢的混合物,以及复分解或其他工业过程形成的混合物。适用于根据本发明的方法的线性丁烯的混合物可例如从蒸汽裂化器的C4馏分获得。在这里在第一步中丁二烯被除去。这可以通过萃取(蒸馏)丁二烯或通过选择性氢化来实现。在两种情况下,均获得了几乎不含丁二烯的C4馏分,即所谓的萃余液I。在第二步中,例如通过与甲醇反应生产MTBE,从C4流中除去异丁烯。现在无异丁烯和无丁二烯的C4馏分,即所谓的萃余液II,含有直链丁烯和任何丁烷。如果从其中除去所获得的至少一些1-丁烯,则获得了所谓的萃余液III。
在本发明方法的一个优选实施方式中,将含C4烯烃的流作为起始混合物进料。合适的烯烃混合物特别是萃余液I和萃余液II和萃余液III。
已知在根据本发明的方法中使用的例如源自蒸汽裂化器或催化裂化器的起始混合物通常可以包在含ppm范围内的含氮、含氧和/或含硫的杂质,它们对于使用的催化剂作为催化剂毒物起作用。因此,必须在低聚之前将这些杂质从包含要低聚的烯烃的起始混合物中除去。因此,在根据本发明的方法中使用的起始混合物是至少部分已除去了作为催化剂毒物的含氮、含氧和/或含硫的杂质的起始混合物。
从烃流中除去含氮、含氧和/或含硫的杂质是本领域技术人员已知的。为此目的,用作起始混合物的烃流可以流过例如一个或多个其中存在吸收或吸附杂质的材料的保护床。在某些情况下,上游低沸物塔或高沸物塔中也可以蒸馏除去低沸点或高沸点杂质。因此,应当从烃流中充分除去杂质,以阻止或完全防止低聚反应中的催化剂中毒。
各个反应阶段的一个或多个反应器各自包含低聚催化剂,其组成为15-40重量%,优选15-30重量%的NiO,5-30重量%的Al2O3,55-80重量%的SiO2,以及0.01-2.5重量%、优选0.05-2重量%的碱金属氧化物,优选为氧化钠。这些数字是基于100重量%的总组成。在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中,该低聚催化剂基本上不含二氧化钛和/或二氧化锆,该低聚催化剂特别地在其总组成中包含小于0.5重量%,优选小于0.1重量%,特别优选小于0.01重量%的二氧化钛和/或二氧化锆。在这种情况下,低聚催化剂特别为颗粒形式、挤出物形式或片剂形式。
在反应阶段的各个反应器中的(非均相)低聚催化剂在每种情况下可以为独立地选择的具有上述组成的低聚催化剂。
原则上,根据本发明的低聚催化剂包含在铝硅酸盐载体材料上的氧化镍。载体材料可以是无定形的、中孔的铝硅酸盐,结晶的、微孔的铝硅酸盐或具有无定形和结晶相的硅铝酸盐。在本发明的上下文中,“无定形”应理解为是指由固体没有晶体结构即没有长程有序性的事实所导致的固体性质。然而,在本发明的上下文中不能排除无定形二氧化硅-氧化铝载体材料具有小的晶畴。
低聚催化剂的比表面积(根据BET计算)优选为150-700m2/g,更优选为190-600m2/g,特别优选为220-550m2/g。BET表面积是根据DIN ISO 9277(2014-01版)通过氮物理吸附来测量的。
在反应阶段中存在于各个反应器中的低聚催化剂可以在每种情况中彼此独立地从上述物质中选择。在这里,反应器中的各个低聚催化剂并不总是完全相同,而是可能仅在有限的程度上在组成上彼此不同。这也是由于这样的事实,即即使在根据本发明的方法的第一次启动的时间点时每个反应器都包含完全相同的催化剂组成,该组成在操作期间由于多年的过程的最广泛的影响(再生的催化剂与新生产的催化剂不同的表现、运行过程中的损耗、不同的老化速率和/或中毒等)会随时间变化。
在低聚过程中,由于老化和/或中毒而导致的转化率和/或选择性(通常为催化剂活性)的降低可能会随着低聚催化剂的使用时间的增加而遇到。如根据本发明所述更换根据本发明的催化剂,并用新鲜的低聚催化剂,即新的或再生的低聚催化剂代替。
可以通过已知的浸渍方法制备低聚催化剂,其中将过渡金属化合物,特别是镍化合物的溶液加入载体材料中,然后进行煅烧或共沉淀,其中整个催化剂组合物从单一的、主要为水的水溶液中沉淀出来。低聚催化剂也可以通过本领域技术人员熟悉的其他方法来生产。
在低聚中使用所生产的低聚催化剂后,也可以将催化剂再生,以再次提高催化剂活性(用于低聚)。低聚催化剂的再生特别地包含步骤A):燃烧和步骤B):用过渡金属化合物的溶液浸渍。在这种情况下,待再生的催化剂中的过渡金属和浸渍溶液中的过渡金属应相同。
在用于低聚之后,该低聚催化剂可能显示出需要去除的有机物质的沉积物。沉积在催化剂中的有机化合物的去除优选在步骤A)中通过简单地燃烧以形成碳氧化物和水来完成。步骤A)中的燃烧可以在炉中,例如在回转窑或竖炉中连续或不连续地进行。为此目的,将低聚催化剂(例如为颗粒形式)供应到炉中,并且优选在400℃至600℃,特别优选500℃至600℃的炉温下燃烧。燃烧可以使用额外供应的助燃空气进行。该助燃空气可以逆流供应,此外可选地,经由合适的入口将另外的空气吹入低聚催化剂中,以确保快速燃烧。
步骤B)包含用过渡金属化合物的溶液特别是镍化合物的溶液处理/浸渍在步骤A)中燃烧的低聚催化剂作为步骤B1),并且煅烧所处理过的低聚催化剂作为步骤B2)。
下面讨论再生步骤B1)的执行,在该示例中是通过镍执行的。但是,该陈述也适用于其他过渡金属。
步骤B1)中用镍的浸渍可以类似于低聚催化剂的制备实现,但是可选地,不同之处在于可以使用具有比低聚催化剂的制备中更低的镍浓度的镍溶液。原则上可以使用任何可溶性镍化合物,诸如硝酸镍(Ni(NO3)2)、醋酸镍(Ni(ac)2)、乙酰丙酮镍(Ni(acac)2)、硫酸镍(NiSO4)或碳酸镍(NiCO3)从而用于生产镍的水溶液或氨溶液。
使用可通过将碳酸镍(NiCO3)溶解在浓氨溶液中(可选地添加碳酸铵)获得的NiHAC溶液已证明特别有利。这样的溶液可以以0.5-14重量%,特别是2-10重量%,特别优选4-8重量%的镍含量用于浸渍。
对于镍的施加,步骤A)中燃烧的低聚催化剂例如用镍含量为0.5-14重量%,特别是2-10重量%,非常特别地为4-8重量%的NiHAC溶液浸渍,直到低聚催化剂中存在的孔饱和为止。浸渍可以用本领域技术人员熟悉的方法诸如例如通过喷涂直至液体膜在表面上永久出现(初湿法)进行。如果溶液吸收量为相对于每克低聚催化剂为约0.8-1.2克溶液,则可以沉积约0.5-6重量%的碱性碳酸盐形式的额外镍。
在步骤B1)之后,在步骤B2)中进行煅烧之前,可以在合适的干燥设备中,例如在具有空气流的带式干燥器或锥形干燥器中,在100℃至250℃之间优选在120℃至220℃之间的温度,并且在标准压力或真空下干燥被浸渍的低聚催化剂。通过干燥,从NiHAC溶液中特别是排出水或过量的氨。
步骤B2)中的低聚催化剂的煅烧可在合适的炉例如竖炉或回转炉中连续或不连续地进行。在连续煅烧的情况下,进一步优选使气体逆流通过低聚催化剂,特别是颗粒形式的低聚催化剂。所使用的气体可以是空气、氮气或它们的混合物。气流可以是相对于每千克颗粒每小时为0.2-4m3气体,并且气体的入口温度可以是从400℃至800℃,优选地为450℃至700℃。除了经由气体引入的热量外,还可以通过主动加热炉壁来引入能量。
步骤B2)中的炉中的煅烧温度可以为400℃至800℃,优选为450℃至700℃,特别优选为500℃至600℃。在催化剂冷却之前,该温度可以维持数小时,优选5至60小时,特别优选10至40小时。冷却优选在氮气流中进行。可以将空气另外添加到氮气中,并且应当优选控制空气的量。优选添加到氮气中的空气的量可以为100-10000ppm(体积),优选为300-7000ppm(体积)。
根据本发明方法的低聚反应可以在50℃至200℃的范围,最好在60℃至180℃的范围,优选在60℃至130℃的范围的温度下,10-70bar,优选在20-55bar的压力下进行。在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,低聚是在液相中进行的。如果要在液相中进行低聚,则必须为此目的选择压力和温度参数,以使反应物流(所用的烯烃或烯烃混合物)在液相中。
基于重量的空速(每单位时间每单位催化剂质量的反应物质量;重时空速(WHSV))在1g反应物每克催化剂每h(=1h-1)到190h-1之间的范围内,优选在2h-1和35h-1之间的范围内,特别优选在3h-1至25h-1之间的范围内。
在一个实施方式中,特别是当使用包含在铝硅酸盐载体上镍化合物优选氧化镍的催化剂时,基于被转化的反应物,低聚后的二聚度(也称为“基于二聚化的百分比选择性”)至少为60%,更优选为至少75%,特别优选为至少80%。
形成的低聚产物或二聚体的线性由ISO指数描述,并且代表二聚体中甲基支链的平均数目的值。例如(对于丁烯作为反应物),C8馏分的正丁烯对ISO指数贡献0,甲基庚烯对ISO指数贡献1,而二甲基己烯对ISO指数贡献2。ISO指数越低,相应馏分中分子的结构越线性。ISO指数是根据以下通式计算的,其中单个二聚体组分的比例参照的是总二聚体部分:
因此,ISO指数为1.0的二聚体混合物每个二聚分子平均具有正好1个甲基支链。
来自根据本发明的低聚方法的产物的ISO指数优选为0.8至1.2,更优选0.8至1.15。
通过本发明的方法生产的低聚物尤其用于生产醛、醇和羧酸。因此,例如直链丁烯的二聚产物通过加氢甲酰化得到壬醛混合物。这通过氧化提供相应的羧酸,或者通过氢化提供C9-醇混合物。C9酸混合物可用于生产润滑剂或干燥剂。C9-醇混合物是用于生产增塑剂,特别是邻苯二甲酸二壬酯或DINCH的前体。
即使没有进一步的阐述,也假定本领域技术人员将能够最大可能地利用以上描述。因此,优选的实施方式和示例仅应被解释为描述性的公开,而绝不以任何方式进行限制。
下面参考实施例更具体地说明本发明。可类似地获得本发明的替代实施方式。
实施例
实施例1(非本发明的):
在3阶段低聚设备中,每个阶段的催化剂装料通常每5年连续更换一次。这样的更换程序每个阶段大约需要21天。在此考虑为15年时间,其中发生了3次停工以更换催化剂。
第一阶段在头三年使用新鲜的催化剂平均每天生产570吨低聚物。在低聚反应器中催化剂达到一定使用寿命后,低聚物的产生量减少。3年后,即在第4年和第5年,第一阶段每天只能生产500吨低聚物。
在第二反应阶段和第三反应阶段中的活性损失明显更低,在此可以忽略。在5年中,第二阶段平均每天生产285吨低聚物。在5年中,第三阶段平均每天生产95吨低聚物。
由于在15年中发生了3次停工,并且在更换催化剂前的2年中的每一年中,第一阶段的活性均降低,因此总共损失了约208.7千吨低聚物。
实施例2(本发明的):
在三阶段低聚设备中,催化剂装料在第一阶段中每3年更换一次,在第二阶段和第三阶段每5年更换一次。这样的更换程序每个阶段需要21天。在此考虑为15年的时间,其中相应地第一反应阶段发生5次停工并且第二反应阶段和第三反应阶段发生3次停工以更换催化剂。
第一阶段在3年内平均每天生产570吨低聚物。在活性显著下降之前更换催化剂。在5年中,第二阶段平均每天生产285吨低聚物。在5年中,第三阶段平均每天生产95吨低聚物。
由于15年中第一反应阶段发生了5次停工,而后两个阶段发生了3次停工,因此总共损失了83.8千克低聚物。
因此,在根据本发明的更换循环中,低聚物的损失量明显较低。因此,与非发明性更换循环相比,第一反应阶段的催化剂更频繁地进行更换使得活性损失和随之而来的低聚物的不足得到了更多的补偿。
Claims (10)
1.用于将C3-至C6-烯烃低聚的方法,其中使用包含所述C3-至C6-烯烃的起始混合物,并且从其中已至少部分去除作为催化剂毒物的含氮、含氧和/或含硫的杂质,
其中低聚是在至少两个连续的反应阶段中进行的,每个反应阶段均由至少一个反应器和至少一个蒸馏塔组成,在每种情况下均使用具有15-40重量%的NiO、5-30重量%的Al2O3、55-80重量%的SiO2,以及0.01-2.5重量%的碱金属氧化物的组成的低聚催化剂,并且
其中至少第一反应阶段的反应器等温运行,其特征在于
将所述第一反应阶段中的低聚催化剂最迟在47个月后,优选最迟在45个月后,特别优选最迟在43个月后更换为新鲜的低聚催化剂,
并且在接下来的一个或多个反应阶段中,所述低聚催化剂最早在48个月后并且最迟在72个月后更换为新鲜的低聚催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低聚方法,其中所述第一反应阶段中的所述低聚催化剂在最早6个月后更换为新鲜的低聚催化剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低聚方法,其中所述方法包含三个、四个或五个反应阶段。
4.根据权利要求3所述的低聚方法,其中第二反应阶段和所有后续反应阶段的催化剂同时被更换。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的低聚方法,其中每个反应阶段中的反应器等温运行。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的低聚方法,其中所述第二反应阶段和每个另外的反应阶段的反应器的体积等于先前反应阶段的体积或在每种情况下小于先前反应阶段的体积。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的低聚方法,其中所述新鲜的低聚催化剂是新生产的低聚催化剂或再生的低聚催化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的低聚方法,其中所述再生的低聚催化剂通过以下步骤制备:步骤A)燃烧用于所述低聚的低聚催化剂,和B)用过渡金属化合物的溶液浸渍在步骤A)中燃烧过的所述低聚催化剂并随后煅烧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的低聚方法,其中在步骤B)中,在所述煅烧之前将所述浸渍的低聚催化剂在100℃至250℃之间的温度和标准压力或减压下进行干燥。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的低聚方法,其中所述低聚在50-200℃范围内的温度和10-70bar的压力下进行。
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US10865164B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
KR20200073151A (ko) | 2020-06-23 |
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