CN111317063A

CN111317063A - Production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and feed produced by same

Info

Publication number: CN111317063A
Application number: CN201811529633.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武国庆; 冯鹏; 李冬敏; 张宏嘉; 曲扬华; 王慧丽; 陈晓园; 朱镜羲
Original assignee: Cofco Corp; Cofco Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: Cofco Corp; Cofco Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-14
Filing date: 2018-12-14
Publication date: 2020-06-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and a product prepared by the method. The invention belongs to the field of ruminant feed processing, and particularly relates to a composite functional fiber-containing ruminant feed which is prepared by adding alkali into a lignocellulose raw material, then carrying out pretreatment, adding a liquid starch processing industrial byproduct, and compounding with auxiliary materials. The invention solves the problems that the byproducts in the starch processing industry can not be effectively utilized, the treatment cost is high and the value is low. The feed product generated by the invention is rich in protein and digestible fiber, and opens up a new way for comprehensive utilization of byproducts in the starch processing industry and high-valued conversion of lignocellulose.

Description

Production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and feed produced by same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ruminant feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing functional fiber-containing ruminant feed by utilizing a lignocellulose raw material and a liquid starch processing industrial byproduct and a product prepared by the method.

Background

With the development of animal husbandry and the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of beef and mutton is gradually increased, and the corresponding feed demand is also continuously increased. According to statistics, in 2016, the cattle stock volume is 1.07 hundred million heads and the sheep stock volume is 3.01 hundred million heads in China. If the differences of the growth stage and the cultivation scale are not considered, the dry matter feed intake is 10 kg/day (d) for cattle, and the dry matter feed intake is roughly calculated according to 1kg/d for sheep, and the annual demand of dry matter feed is about 5 hundred million tons. Roughage is an important component of a ruminant diet, typically accounting for 40-70 wt% of the dry weight proportion of the diet. At present, high-quality pasture is lacked in China, the feed demand is large, and protein feed mainly depends on import, so that the feed cost is increased. The high cost of the feed is one of the important factors restricting the development of breeding enterprises. Therefore, local fiber and protein feed raw materials are fully utilized, and a proper technical processing means is adopted to improve the palatability, the digestibility and the nutritive value of the feed, thereby being beneficial to promoting the reduction of the feed cost and improving the breeding benefit.

The fiber coarse fodder is mainly from crop straw, pasture, branches and leaves, etc. China is a big agricultural country, the straw resources are rich, and the straw forage is one of the important ways of improving the straw utilization rate, protecting the environment, promoting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, solving the problems of insufficient yield of high-quality pasture and the like in China.

The main components of the straw are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the cellulose has a complex crystalline structure, and is combined and crosslinked with the hemicellulose and the lignin, so that the NDF content of the straw is high (generally accounting for more than 60 wt% of dry matter), the crude protein content is low, the texture is coarse and hard, and the straw is difficult to degrade and digest. The digestibility of the straw direct feeding is only 20-40 wt%, the nutritive value is low, the palatability is poor, the growth performance of livestock is poor, and resource waste and environmental pollution are easily caused. The physical and chemical properties of the raw material of the coarse feed can be improved by pretreating the raw material of the coarse feed, and the digestibility and the nutritive value can be improved. For example, the straws can be pretreated by steaming the straws at high temperature and high pressure, in the process, part of hemicellulose is degraded, cellulose is swelled, part of lignin is degraded, and after the steaming, the straws are sprayed under pressure, and the generated strong shearing force destroys a compact crystal structure, so that the materials become fluffy and the degradability is improved. During the pretreatment process, alkali is added, so that lignin and partial hemicellulose can be degraded, the crystalline structure of cellulose is further destroyed, the degree of polymerization is reduced, and the fiber digestibility is improved.

However, because the straw has insufficient nutritive value, protein and other nutritive substances are generally required to be supplemented so as to improve the feeding effect of the straw. And the alkaline pretreatment technology can cause excessive alkali in the obtained straw feed, so that the pH value of the feed is too high, the intestines and stomach of livestock can be damaged, the digestion and absorption of animals are influenced, and certain obstacle still exists in the resource utilization of the straw.

Liquid by-products of the starch processing industry are those produced during the processing of starch from starch-containing materials (i.e., starch processing processes) that contain proteins and other nutrients (e.g., vitamins)Trace elements) and the resulting concentrate after treatment (e.g., evaporation). Taking the processing process of corn, wheat and sweet potato starch as an example: the main liquid by-products produced in the corn starch processing process refer to corn soaking separated liquid and its evaporation concentrated liquid, also called corn steep liquor, whose main components are corn protein and its degradation products (such as peptides, various amino acids, etc.), in addition, it also contains lactic acid, plant calcium magnesium salt, soluble saccharide, etc. The corn steep liquor is rich in nutrient components, but is not well used at present, and even is directly discharged to cause environmental pollution. The liquid by-products produced in the wheat starch processing process mainly comprise wheat starch soaking separation liquid and evaporation concentrated liquid thereof. The wheat starch soaking separation liquid is process wastewater generated in the screening separation process after wheat starch is added with water and mixed, and the wastewater contains abundant starch, protein, pentosan, minerals, a small amount of oil and fat and other nutrient substances. As for the current production process in China, 5-12 tons of high-concentration organic wastewater exist for producing 1 ton of wheat starch. Sweet potatoes (also known as sweet potatoes) are the fourth crop in China, the yield is second to rice, wheat and corn, and more than half of sweet potatoes in China are used for processing and producing starch and starch products. The liquid by-product produced in the sweet potato starch processing process is mainly sweet potato starch soaking separation liquid and evaporation concentrated liquid thereof, and is process wastewater produced in the starch separation process by adding water into ground sweet potato starch and then screening. Wherein, the sweet potato protein is one of the main components in the starch wastewater. Statistically, in the sweet potato starch production industry, 10-20m can be produced per 1 ton of starch produced³The organic wastewater of (2).

Because the recovery cost of protein and other nutrient components in the liquid starch processing industry byproducts is higher, the protein and other nutrient components are generally directly discharged after water treatment at present, and at the moment, the protein and other organic matters promote eutrophication of a water body, so that the water quality is deteriorated and the natural ecological environment is seriously damaged. With the increasing intensity of environmental pollution control, environmental regulations are becoming stricter. By developing a new technology, the method can recycle the effective components of the liquid by-products of the starch processing industry, not only improve the utilization rate of resources, but also reduce the pollution to the environment, and has important practical significance for treating the sewage of starch enterprises in China.

Therefore, how to reasonably reuse two low-value resources, namely, the lignocellulose raw material and the liquid starch processing industry byproduct, in the field of feed science becomes a problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed having no side effects and high resource utilization, wherein the method comprises:

1) adding alkali and water into the lignocellulose raw material for pretreatment to obtain a pretreated material;

2) adding liquid starch processing industry byproducts into the pretreated material, and mixing to obtain a mixed material;

3) and adding auxiliary materials into the mixed material for compounding to obtain the fiber-containing ruminant feed.

In a second aspect, the present invention also relates to a fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the production method of the first aspect.

The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the inventor finds that because the liquid starch processing industry by-product is usually weakly acidic (pH is less than 4) and has rich nutritive value, the liquid starch processing industry by-product is mixed with the straw subjected to alkaline pretreatment, so that the excessive alkali can be neutralized, the damage to the intestines and stomach of livestock caused by overhigh pH value of the feed can be avoided, the protein content of the fiber feed can be increased, and the nutritive value of the fiber feed can be improved. By selecting a proper production process and utilizing a biotechnology means to treat and nutrient-compound straws and liquid starch processing industry byproducts to produce fiber-containing ruminant feed, the comprehensive utilization of straw and starch processing industry byproduct resources can be realized, and three purposes are achieved: on one hand, the problem of resource utilization of the straw is solved, the environmental pollution and resource waste caused by straw burning are reduced, and the income of farmers is increased; on the other hand, the problems that the liquid starch processing industry by-product can not be effectively utilized, the treatment cost is high, the value is low and the environment is polluted are solved, the benefits of a starch processing factory are increased, the utilization field of the liquid starch processing industry by-product is enlarged, and a new value is created for the starch processing industry; thirdly, high-quality ruminant feed can be produced, the contradiction of insufficient high-quality pasture in China is relieved, and the development of animal husbandry is promoted.

2. The ruminant feed produced by the method of the present invention has a lower content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), is better digestible by ruminants, has a higher content of Crude Protein (CP), is more comprehensive in nutrition, and thus, can be widely used in animal husbandry as a high-quality ruminant feed.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Herein, the term "ruminant feed" refers to a feed suitable for feeding ruminants (such as camel, deer, alpaca, antelope, cattle, sheep), and is characterized in that specific components are added according to the microbial environment in the rumen of the ruminants, so that the microbial environment in the rumen of the ruminants can be changed and improved, and the purposes of efficiently utilizing the feed and promoting the growth of the ruminants are achieved.

In this context, the term "complete formula feed" refers to a formula feed that is complete in nutritional content, can be used directly to feed a feeding subject, and can fully satisfy the various nutritional needs of the feeding animal. The 'complete formula feed' usually contains energy, protein, mineral feed, various feed additives and the like, various nutrient substances are complete in variety, sufficient in quantity and proper in proportion, can meet the production requirement of feeding animals, can be directly used for production, and generally does not need to be supplemented with any feed.

As used herein, the term "lignocellulosic feedstock" refers to a feedstock that is rich in lignocellulose, such as agricultural or food industry waste that can be harvested and utilized. The crop straw is a lignin raw material with rich source and low price, and usually refers to residues of stems, leaves, skins (shells), vines and the like of harvested seeds of crops such as wheat, corn, rice, cotton, sorghum, soybean, peanut, sugarcane and the like, and can be used as an industrially stable raw material source. In some embodiments, the lignocellulosic feedstock comprises one or more of the following: corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, banana straw, corn husks, rice hulls, or rice bran.

In this context, the term "liquid by-product of the starch processing industry" refers to protein-containing waste water (protein waste water) produced during the processing of starch-containing raw materials to produce starch and to the concentrate thereof after treatment (e.g. evaporation). In some embodiments, the starch-containing feedstock is corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, or other grain crop. The liquid by-product of the starch processing industry can be obtained from starch processing plants, such as protein-containing wastewater directly produced during the production of starch by starch processing plants and recycled after the treatment of the wastewater. The waste water and/or concentrate may be selected as desired by the person skilled in the art or may be treated beforehand based on methods known in the art to obtain, for example, liquid by-products of the starch processing industry with a water content of 40% to 80% by weight.

As used herein, the term "pretreatment" refers to a process in which a feedstock is pretreated, for example, suitable pretreatment means may include, but are not limited to, steam explosion, cooking, and/or puffing. The pretreatment operation is generally carried out by placing the material to be treated in a pretreatment apparatus (e.g., steam explosion apparatus, bulking machine, digester) and pretreating the material at a temperature (e.g., 100 ℃ to 220 ℃) for a period of time (e.g., <60 minutes).

In this context, the term "auxiliary materials" refers to non-nutritive additive materials commonly used in the field of animal feed processing for enhancing the feeding effect and facilitating the production and storage of compound feeds, such as various antibiotics, antioxidants, mildewcides, binders, colorants, flavor enhancers, and health and metabolic regulation drugs. For the auxiliary materials acceptable in the feed science, those skilled in the art can easily select suitable materials according to the relevant records in the prior art (e.g., < feed additive item catalog (2013) >, etc.). By way of example, the adjuvants herein may include, but are not limited to, DDGS (dried whole stillage), soybean meal, corn bran, corn meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ meal, brewer's grains, fruit pomace, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, premix, and any mixtures thereof. The amount of the auxiliary materials to be added is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the need, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

In this context, the term "premix" is a short term for additive premix feed, which is an intermediate compound feed product prepared by mixing one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain drugs and other additives) with a diluent or a carrier in a required ratio and uniformly mixing. The premix can be used as a component of a complete compound feed.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed, wherein the method comprises:

In a preferred embodiment, the pre-treatment is selected from steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the lignocellulosic raw material is corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, banana straw, corn husks, rice hulls, or rice bran, or any combination thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the lignocellulosic feedstock is pre-comminuted prior to adding alkali and water to the lignocellulosic feedstock for steam explosion pretreatment.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea or any mixture thereof.

In step 1), water is added to the lignocellulosic feedstock to adjust the water content of the feedstock so as to avoid carbonization of the feedstock at high temperature and high pressure during the steam explosion pretreatment, and the specific water content of the feedstock can be routinely selected by those skilled in the art according to the type of lignocellulosic feedstock used and the conditions of the steam explosion pretreatment, for example, water can be added to the lignocellulosic feedstock to a water content of 1 wt% to 99 wt%, for example, 40 wt%, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the mass ratio of the ligno-cellulosic feedstock to the alkali is 200:1 to 10:1, preferably 100:1 to 10:1, more preferably 50:1 to 20:1 on a dry weight basis.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-. In a further preferred embodiment, the time of the pre-treatment is <60 minutes.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the liquid starch processing industry by-product is protein-containing wastewater produced during the processing of starch-containing feedstock to produce starch or a concentrate produced after the wastewater has been treated (e.g., evaporated); wherein the starch-containing material is a food crop, such as selected from corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, and/or potato, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the liquid starch process industry by-product is added in a dry weight ratio of the liquid starch process industry by-product to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:5 to 5:1, preferably from 1:3.5 to 3.5: 1. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid starch processing industry by-product has a water content of 40 wt% to 80 wt%.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the mixture is dried, for example, the mixture is dried at 75 ℃ to 95 ℃ (preferably 85 ℃).

In a preferred embodiment, in step 3), the auxiliary materials include: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate or premix, or any combination thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the above-described method; preferably, the fiber-containing ruminant feed is a complete formula feed. It is not excluded from the scope of the invention to use the fibre-containing ruminant feed produced by the above-described method in combination with other nutrients or other feeds or additives. The feed product produced by the above method combines the advantages of straw and liquid starch processing industry by-products, and the feed has reduced NDF content and significantly improved CP content, thus being suitable for being widely used in animal husbandry as a high-quality ruminant feed.

For illustrative purposes, the solution of the invention can be implemented, for example, by the following paragraphs:

1. a method of producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed, wherein the method comprises:

2) adding a liquid starch processing industry byproduct into the pretreated material, and mixing to obtain a mixed material;

3) and adding auxiliary materials into the mixed material to carry out compounding to obtain the fiber-containing ruminant feed.

2. The method of paragraph 1 wherein the pretreatment is selected from steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

3. The method of paragraph 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is selected from corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, banana straw, corn husks, rice hulls, rice bran, or any combination thereof;

4. the method of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein, in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is pre-comminuted.

5. The method of any of paragraphs 1-4, wherein in step 1), the base is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea, or any mixture thereof.

6. The method of any of paragraphs 1-5, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is from 200:1 to 10:1 on a dry weight basis.

7. The method of paragraph 6, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is 100-10:1 on a dry weight basis.

8. The method of paragraph 7, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is from 50:1 to 20:1 on a dry weight basis.

9. The method as set forth in any of the paragraphs 1-8, wherein, in the step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-220 ℃.

10. The method as described in paragraph 9, wherein, in step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 120-.

11. The method of any of paragraphs 1-10, wherein in step 1) the time of the pretreatment is <60 minutes.

12. The method of any of paragraphs 1-11, wherein, in step 2), the liquid starch processing industry byproduct is protein-containing wastewater produced during the processing of starch-containing feedstock to produce starch or a concentrate produced by treating the wastewater.

13. The method of paragraph 12 wherein the starch-containing material is a food crop.

14. The method of paragraph 13 wherein the starch-containing material is corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, sweet potato and/or potatoes.

15. The method of any of paragraphs 12-14, wherein the wastewater is evaporated to produce the concentrate.

16. The method of any of paragraphs 1-15, wherein the liquid starch processing industry byproduct has a water content of 40 wt% to 80 wt%.

17. The method of any of paragraphs 1-16, wherein in step 2), the liquid starch process industry byproduct is added in a dry weight ratio of the liquid starch process industry byproduct to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:5 to 5: 1.

18. The method of paragraph 17, wherein, in step 2), the liquid starch process industry byproduct is added in a dry weight ratio of the liquid starch process industry byproduct to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:3.5 to 3.5: 1.

19. The method of paragraph 18 wherein in step 2), the mixed material is dried.

20. The method of any of paragraphs 1-19, wherein in step 3), the adjunct comprises: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrophosphate, premix, or any combination thereof.

21. A fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the method of any of paragraphs 1-20.

22. A ruminant feed as in paragraph 21 wherein said ruminant feed is a complete formula feed.

Examples

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents, equipment and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the auxiliary materials used in the following examples are all feed additives commonly used in the field of food and feed processing, and are commercially available.

The compound feeds prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were subjected to component measurement and energy value calculation according to the following methods, unless otherwise specified.

Crude Protein (CP) assay: kjeldahl method (GB 6432-94);

neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) assay: van mode fiber assay (Van Soest et al, 1991);

ash (Ash) determination: GB/T6438-2007;

crude fat (EE) assay: GB/T6433-.

Example 1

Weighing corn straws, alkali, liquid corn starch processing industry byproducts (with the water content of 70 wt%) and the auxiliary materials according to the dry weight ratio of straw/calcium oxide/liquid starch processing industry byproducts/DDGS/guniting corn husks/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt/calcium hydrophosphate of 28/0.8/9/14/5/6/20/13.8/2/1/0.4, and carrying out the following operations to prepare the complete matched ruminant feed by compounding:

1) adding water and calcium oxide into corn straw which is pre-crushed into 1-2cm in length until the water content is 40 wt%, then placing the corn straw into a steam explosion tank (the working pressure range of the equipment is 0.1-3.0MPa) for pretreatment, cooking for 35 minutes at the temperature of 170 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.79MPa, and then completely spraying out the pretreated materials;

2) adding liquid corn starch processing industry byproducts into the pretreated material, mixing the liquid corn starch processing industry byproducts and the pretreated material through mechanical stirring, and drying at 85 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;

3) DDGS, gunite corn bran, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, corn, premix (4% beef cattle compound premix feed purchased from Zhongliang (Beijing) feed science and technology Limited), salt and calcium hydrophosphate are added into the dried mixture for mixing and compounding to prepare the complete formula feed.

Comparative example 1

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the pulverized corn stover in step 1) was mixed with calcium oxide and then steam exploded, but otherwise the procedure was exactly the same.

Comparative example 2

The procedure is as in example 1, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed corn stalks in step 1) to a water content of 40 wt% and then performing steam explosion without adding calcium oxide, and adding calcium oxide and liquid corn starch processing industry byproducts in step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the results in table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained by performing steam explosion treatment by adding alkali in example 1 of the present invention is significantly increased, and the NDF content is significantly reduced; compared with the comparative example 2, in the example 1 of the invention, calcium oxide is added before steam explosion, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during steam explosion treatment, thereby further reducing the NDF content of the complete compound feed obtained by the method, and obviously improving the CP content.

TABLE 1 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2

Note: the difference in the superscript letters of the same row indicates that the difference between the results of the row is significant (P < 0.05).

Example 2

The dry weight ratio of straw/calcium oxide/liquid by-product of starch processing industry/DDGS/guniting corn husk/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt/calcium hydrogen phosphate is 20.0/1.0/25.0/14/5/6/11.8/13.8/2/1/0.4, and the corn straw, alkali, liquid by-product of corn starch processing industry (water content is 70 wt%) and the above auxiliary materials are weighed, and the following operations are carried out to prepare the complete compound ruminant feed by compounding:

Comparative example 3

The procedure of example 2 was followed except that the pulverized corn stover in step 1) was mixed with calcium oxide and then steam exploded, but otherwise the procedure was exactly the same.

Comparative example 4

The procedure is as in example 2, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed corn stalks in step 1) to a water content of 40 wt% without adding calcium oxide for steam explosion, and adding calcium oxide and liquid corn starch processing industry byproducts in step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 4 are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the results in Table 2, compared with the comparative example 3, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained by adding alkali into the example 2 of the invention for steam explosion treatment is obviously improved, and the NDF content is obviously reduced; compared with the comparative example 4, the calcium oxide is added before the steam explosion in the example 2 of the invention, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during the steam explosion treatment, thereby further reducing the NDF content of the complete formula feed obtained by the method, and obviously improving the CP content.

TABLE 2 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 4

Example 3

The method comprises the following steps of weighing wheat straws, alkali, liquid wheat starch processing industry byproducts (the water content is 70 wt%) and the auxiliary materials according to the dry weight ratio of the wheat straws, calcium hydroxide, liquid starch processing industry byproducts/DDGS/guniting corn husks/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt 4/calcium hydrophosphate which is 10/0.2/30/14/5/6/11.8/19.6/2/1/4, and carrying out the following operations to prepare the complete matched ruminant feed by compounding:

1) adding water and calcium hydroxide into wheat straw which is pre-crushed into 1-2cm in length to reach the water content of 40 wt%, then placing the wheat straw into a steam explosion tank (the working pressure range of the equipment is 0.1-3.0MPa) for pretreatment, cooking for 15 minutes at the temperature of 120 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and then completely spraying out the pretreated materials;

2) adding liquid wheat starch processing industry byproducts into the pretreated material, mixing the two by mechanical stirring, and drying at 85 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;

Comparative example 5

The procedure of example 3 was followed except that the pulverized wheat straw was mixed with calcium hydroxide in step 1) without steam explosion treatment.

Comparative example 6

The procedure is as in example 3, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed wheat straws in the step 1) until the water content is 40 wt% without adding calcium hydroxide for steam explosion, and adding calcium hydroxide and liquid wheat starch processing industry byproducts in the step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 3 and comparative examples 5 to 6 are shown in table 3. As can be seen from the results in Table 3, compared with comparative example 5, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained by performing steam explosion treatment on the compound feed in example 3 in the invention by adding alkali is remarkably improved, and the NDF content is remarkably reduced; compared with the comparative example 6, in the example 3 of the invention, calcium hydroxide is added before steam explosion, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during steam explosion treatment, thereby further reducing the NDF content of the complete compound feed obtained from the straws, and obviously improving the CP content.

TABLE 3 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 3 and comparative examples 5 to 6

Claims

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment is selected from steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is selected from corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, banana straw, corn husks, rice hulls, rice bran, or any combination thereof;

preferably, the lignocellulosic raw material is pulverized in advance.

4. A process according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in step 1) the base is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea or any mixture thereof.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the ligno-cellulosic feedstock to the alkali is 200:1 to 10:1, preferably 100:1 to 10:1, more preferably 50:1 to 20:1 on a dry weight basis.

5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step 1) the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-; further preferably, the time of the pre-treatment is <60 minutes.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step 2) the liquid starch processing industry by-product is a protein-containing waste water produced during the processing of starch-containing raw material to produce starch or a concentrate produced after the waste water has been treated (preferably evaporated); preferably, the starch-containing raw material is a food crop, preferably corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, sweet potato and/or potato;

preferably, the liquid starch processing industry by-product has a water content of 40 wt% to 80 wt%.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step 2) the liquid starch process industry by-product is added in a ratio of the liquid starch process industry by-product to the lignocellulosic feedstock in a dry weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:3.5 to 3.5: 1.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein in step 2), the mixed material is dried.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein in step 3), the adjunct comprises: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate or premix, or any combination thereof.

10. A fibre-containing ruminant feed produced by the method of any one of claims 1-9, preferably the ruminant feed is a complete formula feed.