CN111227121A

CN111227121A - Production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and feed produced by same

Info

Publication number: CN111227121A
Application number: CN201811442137.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武国庆; 李冬敏; 张宏嘉; 冯鹏; 曲扬华; 王慧丽; 陈晓园; 朱镜羲
Original assignee: Cofco Corp; Cofco Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: Cofco Corp; Cofco Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-29
Filing date: 2018-11-29
Publication date: 2020-06-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and a product prepared by the method. The invention belongs to the field of ruminant feed processing, and particularly relates to a composite functional fiber-containing ruminant feed which is prepared by adding alkali into a lignocellulose raw material, then carrying out pretreatment, adding a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct, and compounding with auxiliary materials. The invention solves the problems that the by-product in the alcohol industry can not be effectively utilized, the treatment cost is high and the product value is low. The feed product generated by the invention is rich in protein and digestible fiber, and opens up a new way for comprehensive utilization of byproducts in the alcohol industry and high-valued conversion of lignocellulose.

Description

Production method of fiber-containing ruminant feed and feed produced by same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ruminant feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing functional fiber-containing ruminant feed by utilizing a lignocellulose raw material and a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct and a feed product produced by the method.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and data of the national statistical administration shows that the total straw yield of China reaches 7 hundred million tons in 2016, about 20 percent of straws cannot be effectively utilized and are directly burned in fields, so that air quality is seriously polluted, and the method becomes a major problem affecting the livelihood of parts of China. The straw feed is one of important ways for improving the utilization rate of straws, protecting the environment, promoting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, solving the problems of insufficient yield of high-quality pasture in China and the like.

The main components of the straw are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the cellulose has a complex crystalline structure, and is combined and crosslinked with the hemicellulose and the lignin, so that the NDF content of the straw is high (generally accounting for more than 60 wt% of dry matter), the crude protein content is low, the texture is coarse and hard, and the straw is difficult to degrade and digest. The digestibility of the straw direct feeding is only 20-40 wt%, the nutritive value is low, the palatability is poor, the growth performance of livestock is poor, and resource waste and environmental pollution are easily caused. The physical and chemical properties of the raw material of the coarse feed can be improved by pretreating the raw material of the coarse feed, and the digestibility and the nutritive value can be improved. For example, the straws can be pretreated by steaming the straws at high temperature and high pressure, in the process, part of hemicellulose is degraded, cellulose is swelled, part of lignin is degraded, and after the steaming, the straws are sprayed under pressure, and the generated strong shearing force destroys a compact crystal structure, so that the materials become fluffy and the degradability is improved. During the pretreatment process, alkali is added, so that the degradation of lignin and partial hemicellulose can be promoted, the crystalline structure of cellulose is further destroyed, the degree of polymerization is reduced, and the fiber digestibility is improved. For example, chinese patent CN201410433500.4 discloses a method for efficiently preparing straw feed by steam explosion technology, wherein the straw is added with alkali solution and then subjected to secondary steam explosion to obtain a straw preparation.

However, because the straw has insufficient nutritive value, protein and other nutritive substances are generally required to be supplemented so as to improve the feeding effect of the straw. And the alkaline pretreatment technology can cause excessive alkali in the obtained straw feed, so that the pH value of the feed is too high, the intestines and stomach of livestock can be damaged, the digestion and absorption of animals are influenced, and certain obstacle still exists in the resource utilization of the straw.

The alcohol industry by-product (also known as "alcohol mash") is the residue after distillation of alcoholic fermentation. Generally, after sugar generated by degrading starch-containing raw materials is fermented by yeast, the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste mash after alcohol is distilled and extracted, and the concentrated solution obtained by evaporating the liquid phase part is a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct, wherein the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct is rich in components such as protein, fat, trace elements and the like and has rich nutritional value. According to the existing corn alcohol production process, 1 ton of alcohol is produced and about 1 ton of liquid alcohol industrial by-product is produced. According to statistics, about 2000 million tons of liquid industrial byproducts of alcohol are produced every year in China, and the traditional utilization method is to mix the industrial byproducts with the distilled solid of the alcohol and produce dried whole grains with soluble (DDGS) after drying. But the Maillard reaction is easy to occur in the drying process, which causes the product color to become dark, the quality to be reduced, the price to be reduced and the economic benefit of enterprises to be influenced. In order to generate higher value from the liquid alcohol industrial by-product, better utilization routes need to be developed.

Therefore, how to reasonably reuse two low-value resources, namely straw and liquid alcohol industrial byproducts, in the field of feed science becomes a problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed having no side effects and high resource utilization, wherein the method comprises:

1) adding alkali and water into the lignocellulose raw material for pretreatment to obtain a pretreated material;

2) adding a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct into the pretreated material, and mixing to obtain a mixed material;

3) and adding auxiliary materials into the mixed material for compounding to obtain the fiber-containing ruminant feed.

In a second aspect, the present invention also relates to a fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the method of the first aspect.

The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the inventor finds that because the liquid alcohol industry by-product is weak acidic (pH is less than 4) and has rich nutritive value, the liquid alcohol industry by-product is mixed with the straw pretreated by alkaline, so that the excessive alkali can be neutralized, the damage to intestines and stomach of livestock caused by overhigh pH value of the feed can be avoided, the protein content of the fiber feed can be increased, and the nutritive value of the fiber feed can be improved. By selecting a proper production process and utilizing a biotechnology means to treat and nutrient-compound straw and alcohol mash to produce fiber-containing ruminant feed, the comprehensive utilization of straw and alcohol mash resources can be realized, and three purposes are achieved: on one hand, the problem of resource utilization of the straw is solved, the environmental pollution and resource waste caused by straw burning are reduced, and the income of farmers is increased; on the other hand, a new way of utilizing the alcohol industrial by-product is provided, the use proportion of the liquid alcohol industrial by-product in the production process of the dry whole distiller's grains is reduced, and the problems that the alcohol industrial by-product cannot be effectively utilized, the treatment cost is high and the value is low are solved, so that the quality and the price of the dry whole distiller's grains are improved, the benefit of an alcohol factory is increased, the utilization field of the alcohol industrial by-product is expanded, and a new value is created for the alcohol industry; thirdly, high-quality ruminant feed can be produced, the contradiction of insufficient high-quality pasture in China is relieved, and the development of animal husbandry is promoted.

2. The ruminant feed produced by the method has low content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), high nutritive value and better digestion (the NDF, ADF (acid detergent fiber) and CP (crude protein) degradation rate of the feed is obviously improved), and can be widely used in animal husbandry as high-quality ruminant feed.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Herein, the term "ruminant feed" refers to a feed suitable for feeding ruminants (such as camel, deer, alpaca, antelope, cattle, sheep), and is characterized in that specific components are added according to the microbial environment in the rumen of the ruminants, so that the microbial environment in the rumen of the ruminants can be changed and improved, and the purposes of efficiently utilizing the feed and promoting the growth of the ruminants are achieved.

In this context, the term "complete formula feed" refers to a formula feed that is complete in nutritional ingredients, can be used directly to feed a feeding subject, and can fully satisfy the various nutritional needs of the feeding animal. The 'complete formula feed' usually contains energy, protein, mineral feed, various feed additives and the like, various nutrient substances are complete in variety, sufficient in quantity and proper in proportion, can meet the production requirement of feeding animals, can be directly used for production, and generally does not need to be supplemented with any feed.

As used herein, the term "lignocellulosic feedstock" refers to a feedstock that is rich in lignocellulose, such as agricultural or food industry waste that can be harvested and utilized. The crop straw is a cheap lignocellulose raw material with rich sources, and generally refers to residues of stems, leaves, husks (shells), vines and the like of harvested seeds of crops such as wheat, corn, rice, cotton, sorghum, soybean, peanut, sugarcane and the like, and can be used as an industrially stable raw material source. In some embodiments, the lignocellulosic feedstock comprises one or more of the following: corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, or banana straw.

In this context, the term "liquid industrial by-product of alcohol" refers to a concentrated solution obtained by subjecting a waste mash obtained by distilling and extracting alcohol after fermentation of sugar produced by degradation of starch-containing raw material with yeast to solid-liquid separation and evaporation of a liquid phase portion. In some embodiments, the starch-containing material is corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, tapioca, sorghum, sweet potato, or like food crops. The liquid alcohol industrial by-product may be obtained from a plant for producing alcohol. The liquid alcohol industrial by-product has a water content of, for example, 60 wt% to 80 wt% depending on the process of producing alcohol at each plant.

As used herein, the term "pretreatment" refers to a process in which a feedstock is pretreated, for example, suitable pretreatment means may include, but are not limited to, steam explosion, cooking, and/or puffing. The pretreatment operation is generally to place the material to be treated in a pretreatment device (e.g., steam explosion device, bulking machine, digester) and pretreat the material at a certain temperature (e.g., 100-.

In this context, the term "auxiliary materials" refers to non-nutritive additive materials commonly used in the field of animal feed processing for enhancing the feeding effect and facilitating the production and storage of compound feeds, such as various antibiotics, antioxidants, mildewcides, binders, colorants, flavor enhancers, and health and metabolic regulation drugs. For the auxiliary materials acceptable in the feed science, those skilled in the art can easily select suitable materials according to the relevant records in the prior art (e.g., < feed additive item catalog (2013) >, etc.). By way of example, the adjuvants herein may include, but are not limited to, DDGS, soybean meal, corn bran, corn kernel, soybean hull, bran, grain stillage, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ flour, brewer's spent grain, fruit pomace, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone flour, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, premix, and any mixtures thereof. The amount of the auxiliary materials to be added is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the need, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

In this context, the term "premix" is a short term for additive premix feed, which is an intermediate compound feed product prepared by mixing one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain drugs and other additives) with a diluent or a carrier in a required ratio and uniformly mixing. The premix can be used as a component of a ruminant feed.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed, wherein the method comprises:

In a preferred embodiment, the pre-treatment is selected from steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the lignocellulosic raw material is corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, or banana straw, or any combination thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the lignocellulosic feedstock is pre-comminuted prior to adding alkali and water to the lignocellulosic feedstock for steam explosion pretreatment.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea or any mixture thereof.

In step 1), the water is added to the lignocellulosic raw material to adjust the water content of the material so as to avoid carbonization of the material at high temperature and high pressure during the pretreatment, and the specific water content of the material may be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the kind of the lignocellulosic raw material used, the pretreatment conditions, and the like, and for example, water may be added to the lignocellulosic raw material so that the water content is 1 wt% to 99 wt%, for example, 40 wt%, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is from 200:1 to 10:1, preferably from 100 to 10:1, more preferably from 40:1 to 50:1, on a dry weight basis.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-. In a further preferred embodiment, the time of the pre-treatment is <60 minutes.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct is a liquid-phase concentrated solution obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on mash obtained after alcohol is extracted from starch-containing raw materials by fermentation; preferably, the starch-containing feedstock is a food crop such as, but not limited to, corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, tapioca, sorghum, and/or sweet potato, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the liquid industrial by-product of alcohol is added in a dry weight ratio to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:20 to 5:1, preferably from 1:5 to 2:1, more preferably from 1:1.45 to 1: 2.5. In a preferred embodiment, the water content of the liquid alcohol industry by-product is 60 wt% to 80 wt%.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the mixture is dried, for example, the mixture is dried at 65 ℃ to 95 ℃ (but not limited thereto).

In a preferred embodiment, in step 3), the auxiliary materials include: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate or premix, or any combination thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the above-described method; preferably, the fiber-containing ruminant feed is a complete formula feed. It is not excluded from the scope of the invention to use the fibre-containing ruminant feed produced by the above-described method in combination with other nutrients or other feeds or additives. The feed product produced by the above method combines the advantages of straw and liquid alcohol industrial by-products, and the feed has significantly improved NDF, ADF and CP degradation rates, and thus is suitable for being widely used in animal husbandry as a high-quality ruminant feed.

For illustrative purposes, the solution of the invention can be implemented, for example, by the following paragraphs:

1. a method of producing a fiber-containing ruminant feed, wherein the method comprises:

3) and adding auxiliary materials into the mixed material to carry out compounding to obtain the fiber-containing ruminant feed.

2. The method of paragraph 1 wherein the pretreatment is steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

3. The method of paragraph 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, or banana straw, or any combination thereof.

4. The method of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein, in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is pre-comminuted.

5. The method of any of paragraphs 1-4, wherein in step 1), the base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea, or any mixture thereof.

6. The method of any of paragraphs 1-5, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is from 200:1 to 10:1 on a dry weight basis.

7. The method of paragraph 6, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is 100-10:1 on a dry weight basis.

8. The method of paragraph 7, wherein the mass ratio of the lignocellulosic feedstock to the alkali is from 40:1 to 50:1 on a dry weight basis.

9. The method as set forth in any of the paragraphs 1-8, wherein, in the step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-220 ℃.

10. The method as described in paragraph 9, wherein, in step 1), the temperature of the pretreatment is 120-.

11. The method of any of paragraphs 1-10, wherein in step 1) the time of said pretreatment is <60 minutes.

12. The method according to any of paragraphs 1-11, wherein, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct is a liquid-phase concentrated solution obtained by solid-liquid separation of mash obtained after alcohol extraction from starch-containing material by fermentation.

13. The method of paragraph 12 wherein the starch-containing material is a food crop.

14. The method of paragraph 13 wherein the starch-containing material is corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, tapioca, sorghum, and/or sweet potato.

15. The method of any of paragraphs 1-14, wherein the water content of the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct is from 60 wt% to 80 wt%.

16. The method of any of paragraphs 1-15, wherein, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industry byproduct is added in a dry weight ratio of liquid alcohol industry byproduct to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:20 to 5: 1.

17. The method of paragraph 16, wherein, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industry byproduct is added in a dry weight ratio of liquid alcohol industry byproduct to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:5 to 2: 1.

18. The method of paragraph 17, wherein, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industry byproduct is added in a dry weight ratio of liquid alcohol industry byproduct to the lignocellulosic feedstock of from 1:1.45 to 1: 2.5.

19. The method of any of paragraphs 1-18, wherein in step 2), the mixed material is oven dried.

20. The method of any of paragraphs 1-19, wherein in step 3), the adjunct comprises: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate or premix, or any combination thereof.

21. A fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the method of any of paragraphs 1-20.

22. A ruminant feed as in paragraph 21 wherein said ruminant feed is a complete formula feed.

Examples

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents, equipment and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the auxiliary materials used in the following examples are all feed additives commonly used in the field of food and feed processing, and are commercially available.

The compound feeds prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were subjected to component measurement and energy value calculation according to the following methods, unless otherwise specified.

Crude Protein (CP) assay: kjeldahl method (GB 6432-94);

neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) measurements: van mode fiber assay (Van Soest et al, 1991);

ash (Ash) determination: GB/T6438-2007.

Crude fat (EE) assay: GB/T6433-.

Example 1

The method comprises the following steps of weighing corn straws, alkali, liquid alcohol industrial byproducts and the auxiliary materials according to the dry weight ratio (namely the dry weight ratio) of straw/calcium oxide/liquid alcohol industrial byproducts (with the water content of 70 wt%)/DDGS/guniting corn husks/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt/calcium hydrophosphate of 28/0.6/12/14/5/6/20/11/2/1/0.4, and carrying out the following operations to prepare the complete matched ruminant feed by compounding:

1) adding calcium oxide and water into corn straw which is pre-crushed into 1-2cm in length until the water content is 40 wt%, then placing the corn straw into a steam explosion tank (the working pressure range of the equipment is 0.1-3.0MPa), cooking the corn straw for 30 minutes at the temperature of 160 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.62MPa, and then completely spraying out the pretreated corn straw;

2) adding a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct into the pretreated material, mixing the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct and the pretreated material through mechanical stirring, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;

3) DDGS, gunite corn bran, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, corn, premix (4% beef cattle compound premix feed purchased from Zhongliang (Beijing) feed science and technology Limited), salt and calcium hydrophosphate are added into the dried mixture for mixing and compounding to prepare the complete formula feed.

Comparative example 1

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the ground corn stover in step 1) was mixed with calcium oxide and then steam exploded, and the process was identical to that of the feed.

Comparative example 2

The procedure is as in example 1, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed corn stalks in step 1) to a water content of 40 wt% without adding calcium oxide for steam explosion, and adding calcium oxide and liquid alcohol industrial byproducts in step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the results in table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained after the steam explosion treatment by adding alkali in example 1 of the present invention is significantly increased, and the NDF content is significantly reduced; compared with the comparative example 2, in the example 1, calcium oxide is added before steam explosion, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during steam explosion treatment, the NDF content of the complete formula feed obtained by the method is further reduced, and the CP content is obviously improved.

TABLE 1 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2

Note: the difference in the superscript letters of the same row indicates that the difference between the results of the row is significant (P < 0.05).

Example 2

Weighing corn straws, alkali, liquid alcohol industrial byproducts and the auxiliary materials according to the dry weight ratio of straw/calcium oxide/liquid alcohol industrial byproduct/DDGS/guniting corn husk/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt/calcium hydrophosphate of 28/0.7/18.7/14/5/6/14/11/1.3/1/0.3, and carrying out the following operations to prepare the complete formula feed by compounding:

2) adding a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct into the pretreated material, mixing the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct and the pretreated material through mechanical stirring, and drying at 95 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;

Comparative example 3

The procedure of example 2 was followed except that the ground corn stover in step 1) was mixed with calcium oxide and then steam exploded, and the process was identical to that of the feed.

Comparative example 4

The procedure is as in example 2, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed corn stalks in step 1) to a water content of 40 wt% without adding calcium oxide for steam explosion, and adding calcium oxide and liquid alcohol industrial byproducts in step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 4 are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the results in table 2, compared with comparative example 3, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained after the steam explosion treatment by adding alkali in example 2 of the present invention was significantly increased, and the NDF content was significantly reduced; compared with the comparative example 4, in the example 2 of the invention, calcium oxide is added before steam explosion, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during steam explosion treatment, thereby further reducing the NDF content of the complete compound feed obtained by the method, and obviously improving the CP content.

TABLE 2 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 4

Example 3

Weighing corn straws, alkali, liquid alcohol industrial byproducts and the auxiliary materials according to the dry weight ratio of straw/calcium oxide/liquid alcohol industrial byproduct/DDGS/guniting corn husk/cottonseed meal/corn germ meal/corn/premix/salt/calcium hydrophosphate of 30/0.6/12/14/5/6/18/11/2/1/0.4, and carrying out the following operations to prepare the complete formula feed by compounding:

Comparative example 5

The procedure of example 3 was followed except that the ground corn stover in step 1) was mixed with calcium oxide and then steam exploded, except that the materials were not used.

Comparative example 6

The procedure is as in example 3, except for the following differences, the steps and materials are exactly the same: adding water to the crushed corn stalks in step 1) to a water content of 40 wt% without adding calcium oxide for steam explosion, and adding calcium oxide and liquid alcohol industrial byproducts in step 2).

The chemical composition (w/w) calculation results of the complete formula feeds prepared in example 3 and comparative examples 5 to 6 are shown in table 3. As can be seen from the results of table 3, the CP content of the complete formula feed obtained after the steam explosion treatment by adding alkali in example 3 of the present invention was significantly increased and the NDF content was significantly reduced, as compared to comparative example 5. Compared with the comparative example 6, in the example 3 of the invention, calcium oxide is added before steam explosion, so that part of lignin in the straws is degraded during steam explosion treatment, thereby further reducing the NDF content of the complete compound feed obtained from the straws and obviously improving the CP content.

TABLE 3 chemical composition w/w of feed in example 3 and comparative examples 5 to 6

Example 4 Effect of different treatments on the degradation Rate of the feed

Pulverizing wheat straw to 1-2cm, mixing with calcium oxide at a ratio of 46.67: 1, adding water until the water content of the material is 40 wt%, then performing steam explosion pretreatment, cooking at 160 ℃ and 0.62MPa for 30 minutes, then completely spraying out the pretreated material, adding a liquid alcohol industrial byproduct with the weight ratio of the liquid alcohol industrial byproduct to the dry matter of the wheat straw of 3:7, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain the feed as an experimental group. In addition, a feed obtained by the same operation and material as those of the experimental group except that the steam explosion pretreatment was not performed was used as the control group 1; the feed obtained by the same operation and material as those of the experimental group except for the following differences was used as the control group 2: the water content was adjusted to 40 wt% directly to wheat straw without the addition of calcium oxide for steam explosion pretreatment and then the liquid alcohol industrial by-product and calcium oxide were added in the same proportions as the experimental group.

The degradation rates of different groups of feeds were determined by in vitro digestion methods, respectively. Specifically, rumen fluid of a cow is collected and filtered by four layers of gauze, a sample is digested in a Daisy in-vitro simulation incubator, and the contents of NDF, ADF and CP before and after digestion are measured, so that the degradation rate is calculated. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(i) reagent

1) Buffer solution A

Reagent	g/L
		Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH₂PO4	10.0
Magnesium sulfate MgSO₄·7H₂O	0.5
		Sodium chloride NaCl	0.5
Calcium chloride CaCl₂·2H₂O	0.1
		Urea	0.5

2) Buffer solution B (for use in the spot)

Reagent	g/L
		Sodium carbonate Na₂CO₃	15.0
Sodium sulfide Na₂S·9H₂O	1.0

3) Neutral detergent solution and acidic detergent solution

Corresponding washing solutions formulated as in the determination of NDF and ADF.

(ii) The method comprises the following steps:

1) preparation of filter bags and samples: the filter bags (model ANKOM, F57) were washed with 20mL of acetone for 3-5 minutes in advance and completely dried in a fume hood at room temperature (active substances on the surface of the filter bags were removed by acetone washing so as not to affect rumen microbial fermentation), each F57 filter bag was weighed and the weight was recorded (W1), and 0.5g of a sample (W2) was weighed in the filter bag after peeling. Sealing the filter bag and placing the filter bag in Daisy^IIDigestion tanks of an in vitro simulated incubator (up to 25 samples per tank). The samples were placed on average on both sides of the partition plate of the digestion tank. A sealed blank filter bag (C1) was placed as a control.

2) Preparation of buffer solution (combination type): (for each digester)

a) Buffer A and buffer B were preheated at 39 deg.C and 266mL buffer B and 1330mL buffer A were added at a 1:5 volume ratio to each digestion tank, which was about 1600mL A/B mix, in an amount that would result in a mix pH of 6.8 (at 39 deg.C) without readjustment.

b) The digestion tank containing the sample and buffer solution was placed in Daisy^IIIn the in vitro simulation incubator, the heating and rotating switch is turned on, so that the temperature of the digestion tank is balanced within 20-30 min.

3) Preparation of rumen fluid: (the temperature of all glass containers was kept at 39 ℃ C.)

a) 2L thermos bottles are preheated by 39 ℃ water, and rumen fluid is collected after hot water is poured out. At least 2000mL of rumen fluid was collected and placed in an incubator.

b) The rumen fluid was shaken well and filtered through 4 layers of gauze into a 5L Erlenmeyer flask (pre-heated to 39 ℃). Wrapping the edges with larger gauze, squeezing the fiber components, and continuously introducing CO into the conical flask during the filtration process₂。

4) In vitro culture

a) From Daisy^IITaking off a digestion tank from the in-vitro simulation incubator, adding 400mL rumen fluid into the digestion tank containing the buffer solution and the sample, and introducing CO₂After 30 seconds of gas (CO make)₂Gas forms a gas cushion in the upper space of the digestion tank) and the cover is screwed tightly, the digestion tank is put back into the incubator for continuous culture.

b) The above operation is repeatedly performed for each digestion tank.

c) The temperature of the in vitro simulated incubator is set to 39.5 +/-0.5 ℃, and the culture is carried out for 48 hours.

d) After the culture is finished, the digestion tank is taken out, the liquid is poured out, and the filter bag is washed by cold water until the filter bag is clean.

e) When NDF and ADF degradation rates are measured, the filter bag after fermentation is placed in an ANKOM A2000i fiber analyzer for detection, and the operation refers to NDF and ADF measuring methods.

5) And (3) calculating:

CP, NDF and ADF degradation rates: the loss of CP, NDF and ADF of the sample in the filter bag before and after rumen fermentation is the degradation rate of CP, NDF and ADF of the sample. Taking NDF degradation rate as an example, it can be calculated by the following formula (CP and ADF degradation rates are calculated in the same way):

as shown in table 4, compared to the control group 1, the degradation rates of the NDF, ADF, and CP of the feeds of the experimental group (the alkali-added steam-exploded wheat straw + the subsequently-added liquid alcohol industrial byproduct) and the control group 2 (the single steam-exploded wheat straw + the subsequently-added liquid alcohol industrial byproduct and calcium oxide) were all improved, but the improvement of the experimental group was more significant, that is, the steam explosion pretreatment could improve the degradation rates of the NDF, ADF, and CP of the feeds to some extent, and the addition of the alkaline substance before the steam explosion pretreatment could improve the degradation rates of the NDF, ADF, and CP of the feeds more significantly. The degradation rates of NDF and ADF of the experimental group of feeds were increased by about 48% and 50%, respectively, compared to the degradation rate of the control group 1 (p <0.001, statistically significant).

TABLE 4 NDF, ADF, CP degradation rates in different groups of feeds

Claims

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment is steam explosion, cooking and/or puffing.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), the lignocellulosic feedstock is corn stover, corn cobs, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, soybean straw, sweet potato straw, peanut hulls, bagasse, or banana straw, or any combination thereof;

preferably, the lignocellulosic raw material is pulverized in advance.

4. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 1) the base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, urea or any mixture thereof;

preferably, the mass ratio of the ligno-cellulosic feedstock to the alkali is 200:1 to 10:1, preferably 100 to 10:1, more preferably 40:1 to 50:1 on a dry weight basis.

5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step 1) the temperature of the pretreatment is 100-;

further preferably, the time of the pre-treatment is <60 minutes.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in step 2), the liquid alcohol industrial by-product is a liquid-phase concentrated solution obtained by solid-liquid separation of mash obtained after alcohol extraction by fermentation from starch-containing raw material; preferably, the starch-containing raw material is a food crop, preferably corn, wheat, barley, oat, rice, cassava, sorghum and/or sweet potato;

preferably, the water content of the liquid alcohol industry by-product is 60 wt% to 80 wt%.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step 2), the liquid alcohol industry by-product is added in a dry weight ratio of liquid alcohol industry by-product to the ligno-cellulosic feedstock of from 1:20 to 5:1, preferably from 1:5 to 2:1, more preferably from 1:1.45 to 1: 2.5.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step 2) the mixed material is dried.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein in step 3), the adjunct comprises: dried whole distillers 'grains, bean pulp, corn bran, corn, soybean hull, bran, grain dregs, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, beet pulp, wheat germ powder, brewer's grains, fruit residues, molasses, puffed corn, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, stone powder, magnesium carbonate, baking soda, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate or premix, or any combination thereof.

10. A fiber-containing ruminant feed produced by the method of any one of claims 1-9; preferably, the ruminant feed is a complete formula feed.