CN111315571B - 用于由金属板制造构件的方法 - Google Patents

用于由金属板制造构件的方法 Download PDF

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CN111315571B
CN111315571B CN201880061404.8A CN201880061404A CN111315571B CN 111315571 B CN111315571 B CN 111315571B CN 201880061404 A CN201880061404 A CN 201880061404A CN 111315571 B CN111315571 B CN 111315571B
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T.金克尔布尔
M.多勒
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由金属板制造构件的方法,其中,为了形成叠层材料,至少一个补板(2)铺设到基板(1)上并且位置稳固地予以固定,把如此由基板(1)和补板(2)形成的构件单元加热到适合于热成型的温度上,并且随后热成型为所述构件,并且优选然后或者同时予以局部的或者完全的冷却或淬火,用于有针对性的结构转变,其中,为了改善防腐保护,所述基板(1)在所述补板(2)的放置区域中,或者所述补板(2)在其面向所述基板(1)的侧面上,或者无论基板(1)还是补板(2)都在相应的区域中,在把所述补板(2)放置到所述基板(1)上之前,覆上耐受在所述热成型时出现的温度的防腐保护涂层(6)。

Description

用于由金属板制造构件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由金属板特别是钢板制造构件的方法,其中,为了形成叠层材料,至少一个补板铺设到基板上并且位置稳固地予以固定,把如此由基板和补板形成的构件单元加热到适合于热成型的温度上,并且随后热成型为构件,并且优选然后或者同时予以局部的或者完全的冷却或淬火,用于有针对性的结构转变。
背景技术
在所有类型的机动车的车身区域内的构件日益通过如下方法来制造,其中把构件加热到高的温度,随后热成型,并且有针对性地冷却和硬化。
采用这种方法得到了硬度最高并且柔韧性足够的构件。
所采用的原材料往往通过镀锌予以防腐保护,但也日益通过由铝/硅-复合物构成的涂层予以防腐保护,但该涂层形成了明显较差的防腐保护。
为了满足防腐保护的要求,目前在以后的生产阶段中主要是通过阴极电泳涂漆(Tauchlackierung)(KTL)给这种构件涂上防腐保护漆。在这种情况下通过电流在产品上实现漆的沉积。
如果要产生的构件的表面在热成型工艺期间或者在以后的接合工艺情况下被其它的构件面状地覆盖,则由此产生叠层材料,例如用于增强目的。然而在这种情况下,在后续的KTL-涂层时,涂层就无法进入并且沉积到基板与铺设的补板之间的缝隙中。由此使得在这些部分之间产生的缝隙不仅得不到完全的防腐保护,而且也优选特别是通过毛细作用给这些缝隙填充液体。由此在这些部分之间明显加速地发生腐蚀过程。
由DE 10 2016 114 068 B3已知一种用于机动车的纵梁。该纵梁由空心体构成,该空心体由3层的多层钢形成。中间层由硬化的锰-硼-钢构成。包围中间层的两个外层由铁素体的不锈钢合金形成。由此形成了一种多层的构件。但在此并未规定防腐保护涂层。
EP 3 184 228 A1中记载了在金属基底上使用氧阻隔涂层,以便在焊接过程中保护其免于起皮和金属飞溅等。
由WO 2011/054575 A1已知一种用于制造具有不同延展性的区域的构件的方法,其中,在基底板材上铺设并固定了另一板材。
由DE 10 2016 103 466 A1已知一种由基底板材和增强板材构成的复合板材,其中,这些板材被共同地压硬化。
发明内容
基于该现有技术,本发明的目的在于,提出一种所述类型的方法,其中,在基板和补板的相互贴靠的面之间实现了改善的防腐保护。
为了实现该目的,本发明提出,基板在补板的放置区域中,或者补板在其面向基板的侧面上,或者无论基板还是补板都在相应的区域中,在把补板放置到基板上之前,覆上耐受在热成型时出现的温度的防腐保护涂层,该防腐保护涂层也能够用于该缝隙的密封,并且因而能够防止促进腐蚀的物质进入。
在此优选地规定,作为防腐涂层,采用下述漆中的一种:
- 具有适当溶剂的碳化硅;
- 具有适当溶剂的聚硅氧烷或硅烷。
根据本发明,至少给基板与补板之间的区域覆上防腐保护涂层,该防腐保护涂层可以经受住在热成型时产生的高温。在这些板相互靠置并且位置稳固地固定之前,进行覆层。随后才进行位置固定,其中,然后把如此形成的由基板和补板构成的构件加热到适合于热成型的温度,并且随后予以热成型。
在这种情况下尤其将实现,防腐涂层在热成型时在一定程度上受到烘烤,并且可以形成持久的防腐保护。
通过合适的溶剂组分,可以采用简单的方式将涂层覆设到相应部分的表面上。
在此优选地规定,作为溶剂,采用:
- 二甲苯;
- 苯;
- 酒精;或
- 四氢呋喃。
例如可以采用安息油(Benzol)作为苯(Benzene),例如可以采用丁醇作为酒精,为了在覆设之后暂时提高粘稠度,也可以采用具有高蒸汽压力的溶剂,比如四氢呋喃。
在使用聚硅氧烷或硅烷时,优选采用二硅氧烷、三硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷或十甲基环五硅氧烷。钴硼硅烷在此也适合作为基。
此外优选地规定,使用22MnB5的基板和补板。
也优选地规定,对于基板和补板,作为原材料,采用镀锌的或者设有锌-镍涂层或铝-硅涂层的钢板。
此外优选地规定,给采用该方法制得的构件覆上防腐保护漆。
因此,该方法产品在热成型之后覆上了防腐保护漆。但该防腐保护漆不必进入到基板和补板之间的区域中,因为该区域通过根据本发明的防腐保护涂层受到保护,而是仅仅余下的构件在整体上覆有防腐保护漆。
在此优选地规定,给构件覆上KTL-涂层,即阴极电泳涂漆,作为防腐保护漆。
一种特别优选的设计在于,防腐保护涂层通过在热成型时施加到构件单元上的温度予以烘烤。
在这种情况下,在这些板部分之间覆设的防腐保护涂层在热成型时予以烘烤。为此无需额外的能量耗费,而是为了热成型而引入的能量就足以引起烘烤。
此外优选地规定,一个补板或多个补板借助接合过程而固定在基板上。
在此有时可以优选地规定,接合过程是铆紧,其中,补板和基板的材料通过局部的变形而相互连接。
也可以优选地规定,接合过程通过在构件单元的一个或多个区域中的焊点进行。
在这种情况下于是优选地规定,焊点随后借助激光束予以处理,从而这些焊点在制成的构件单元上无法看见或者几乎看不见,其中,优选在热成型之后进行处理。
本发明的主题还是一种采用根据权利要求中任一项的方法制得的构件,本发明的主题尤其是一种构件,该构件是车辆的车身结构部分。
附图说明
根据本发明的方法产品在附图中示出,并且在下面予以简述。
图1以视图示出由基板和补板构成的构件单元;
图2以截面示出了该构件单元。
具体实施方式
在图1中可看到基板1和安置在该基板上的补板2,其中,在这两个板之间形成接合缝隙3。为了说明,在图2中示出了截面视图,该截面视图示出了按照根据本发明的方法产生的最终产品。
在此,在基板1上放置了相同材料质量的相应的补板2,该基板例如具有材料品质22 MnB5。基板1在顶面和底面上设置有铝硅层4。同样,补板2在顶面和底面上设置有这种铝硅涂层4。
在两个部分1、2之间的接合缝隙5中覆设了耐高温的涂层6,由于在这种情况下出现的温度,该涂层在整个构件的热成型时被烘烤。组成部分1、2之间的接合缝隙5由此受到防腐保护。
整个构件涂有KTL-涂层7。
特别是仅示意性地示出截面视图。但由此可看到根据本发明采用的方法的基本架构和优点。
本发明不局限于该实施例,而是可在公开的范围内予以多种变型。
在说明书和/或附图中公开的全部新的单独特征和组合特征都视为本发明的要点。

Claims (14)

1.一种由金属板制造构件的方法,其中,为了形成叠层材料,至少一个补板(2)铺设到基板(1)上并且位置稳固地予以固定,把如此由基板(1)和补板(2)形成的构件单元加热到适合于热成型的温度上,并且随后热成型为所述构件,并且然后或者同时予以局部的或者完全的冷却或淬火,用于有针对性的结构转变,
其特征在于,
所述基板(1)在所述补板(2)的放置区域中,或者所述补板(2)在其面向所述基板(1)的侧面上,或者无论基板(1)还是补板(2)都在相应的区域中,在把所述补板(2)放置到所述基板(1)上之前,覆上耐受在所述热成型时出现的温度的防腐保护涂层(6),所述防腐保护涂层也能够用于基板与补板之间的缝隙的密封,并且因而能够防止促进腐蚀的物质进入,并且,
作为防腐涂层(6),采用下述漆中的一种:
- 具有适当溶剂的碳化硅;
- 具有适当溶剂的聚硅氧烷或硅烷。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为溶剂,采用:
- 二甲苯;
- 苯;
- 酒精;或
- 四氢呋喃。
3.按权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用22MnB5的基板(1)和补板(2)。
4.按权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,对于所述基板(1)和所述补板(2),作为原材料,采用镀锌的或者设有锌-镍涂层或铝-硅涂层的钢板。
5.按权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,给采用所述方法制得的构件覆上防腐保护漆。
6.按权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,给所述构件覆上KTL-涂层(7),即阴极电泳涂漆,作为防腐保护漆。
7.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述防腐保护涂层(6)通过为了热成型而施加到所述构件单元上的温度予以烘烤。
8.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,一个补板(2)或多个补板借助接合过程而固定在所述基板(1)上。
9.按权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接合过程是铆紧,其中,补板(2)和基板(1)的材料通过局部的变形而相互连接。
10.按权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接合过程通过在所述构件单元的一个或多个区域中的焊点进行。
11.按权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述焊点随后借助激光束予以处理,从而所述焊点在制好的构件单元上无法看见或者几乎看不见,其中,在所述热成型之后进行所述处理。
12.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属板是钢板。
13.一种构件,采用根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法制得。
14.按权利要求13所述的构件,其特征在于,所述构件是车辆的车身结构部分。
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