CN111298066A - 一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用,延胡索提取物10‑30份、乳香提取物12‑30份、川芎提取物10‑30份、夏天无提取物10‑30份、姜黄提取物8‑14份、路路通提取物6‑18份、透骨草提取物10‑35份、青风藤提取物15‑40份、山奈提取物15‑30份、红花提取物6‑14份、樟脑0.5‑6份、薄荷脑1‑8份、冰片0.5‑5份。本发明以延胡索、乳香、川芎、夏天无,活血通络止痛为君药;姜黄、路路通、透骨草、青风藤,祛风通络为臣药;山奈、红花为佐药;樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片为使药,通过君臣佐使相配合,其效果远超单一药物所具备的作用,疗效显著,且通过提取工艺,使原料的毒性降至最低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,涉及一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用,尤其涉及用于风湿痹痛、跌打损伤疼痛、伤科止疼等外用中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
慢性疼痛是当今国际疼痛研究的热点,尤其是骨痹症疼痛,它是一个常见病,多发病,涉及到生活环境变化很容易复发加重,长期的多方治疗效果不好,甚至会严重影响个人的生活,很难达到消除疼痛的目的,疼痛给个人、家庭和社会均带来了巨大的负担,因此,需要研发一种能够治疗或缓解骨痹症引起的各种疼痛的药物。据国际卫生组织资料报告,仅仅大约15%的疼痛病人能得到合理治疗,更多病人因此而严重影响生活质量,成为痛苦、苦恼和致残的主要原因。长期以来,解除疼痛和痛苦一直是医学中的一个重要研究内容。
风湿和类风湿关节炎,肩周炎,颈椎病,骨质增生等疾病在中老年人群中属于常见病,多发病,各类疼痛病症患者约占中老年群体的65%,而且,这一群体数量还在不断的增加。
由于疼痛表现的多样化,临床开发研制了各种治疗疼痛的药物。目前大多数消炎止痛的药品均为西药口服给药,根据调查显示,服药时间长,止痛效果为一过性,且对患者胃肠道、肝、肾、心脏均会带来功能性损伤,有很大的毒副作用。因此,长期服用消炎止痛药的患者,原来的疾病非但没有治愈,反而增加了新的疾病,给患者带来了更多的痛苦。
中药止痛应用历史悠久,不仅能减轻和消除患者的痛苦,而且能在一定程度上消除疼痛的病因,因此,临床应用十分广泛。特别对某些重度顽固性疼痛的疗效显著,体现了中医药的特色与优势。由于中药副作用小,在治疗长期慢性疼痛中得到了患者的认可,如风湿疼痛,跌打损伤等。因此,从中药和天然药物中寻找开发止痛作用确切、副作用小的外用止痛药物具有重要意义。
外用止痛药相比如内服止痛药,具有起效快,副作用低的特点。但是,市面上现有的外用止痛中药的止痛效果不能达到有益的效果,因此,研究开发止痛作用强,起效迅速,副作用低的外用中药是新型外用止痛中药的发展方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用,能够应用于风湿痹痛、跌打损伤疼痛、伤科止疼等的外敷/喷/涂使用。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物,中药组合物是由以下重量份数的中药提取物与药用辅料制成的制剂,中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物10-30份、乳香提取物12-30份、川芎提取物10-30份、夏天无提取物10-30份、姜黄提取物8-14份、路路通提取物6-18份、透骨草提取物10-35份、青风藤提取物15-40份、山奈提取物15-30份、红花提取物6-14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑0.5-6份、薄荷脑1-8份、冰片0.5-5份。
一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、按照重量份数取中药组合物的各组分,然后以延胡索提取物、乳香提取物、川芎提取物、夏天无提取物、姜黄提取物、路路通提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物为原料制备成浸膏;
步骤二、将樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片研磨成细粉,然后将步骤一制得的浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,制成制剂。
本发明还提供了一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物在治疗风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、伤科止疼中的应用。
作为一种优选的方案,中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物20-30份、乳香提取物16-30份、川芎提取物12-30份、夏天无提取物15-30份、姜黄提取物10-14份、路路通提取物12-18份、透骨草提取物15-35份、青风藤提取物20-40份、山奈提取物18-30份、红花提取物8-14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑1.5-6份、薄荷脑2.5-8份、冰片2-5份。
作为一种更为优选的方案,中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物30份、乳香提取物30份、川芎提取物30份、夏天无提取物30份、姜黄提取物14份、路路通提取物18份、透骨草提取物35份、青风藤提取物40份、山奈提取物30份、红花提取物14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑2.5份、薄荷脑3份、冰片4份。
步骤一中制备浸膏的方法为:将粉碎成颗粒状的延胡索提取物、川芎提取物、姜黄提取物、夏天无提取物、路路通提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物混合成组合物,并在组合物中加入其4-10重量倍数的浓度为60-85%的乙醇,浸泡过夜或在50-80℃下回流提取0.5-2h后,过滤,滤液与液体状的姜黄提取物、乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物混合后,浓缩成相对密度为1.05-1.07的浸膏。
其中,中药提取物的制备方法为:将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄各自粉碎、过筛,得到粗粒;各粗粒分别用热水浸泡30-50min,再90-100℃下搅拌并煎煮2-4次,煎煮时间分别为1-3h,合并滤液,过滤得提取液,于50-60℃下减压浓缩、干燥、粉碎、过筛后得颗粒状的提取物。将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄经过上述工艺的初步提取后,能够最大限度的保留各原料的有效成分,如结合物、包合物、包裹物等,后续再经过醇提,尽量减少杂质成分,且不影响有效成分的药理作用;且在搅拌过程中加热,使各原料受热均匀,保持提取过程温度稳定。将乳香、透骨草、青风藤、姜黄粉碎后,分别浸泡于浓度为50-75%的乙醇溶液中,在40-55℃下加热0.4-1.5h后,停止加热并浸泡12-24h,重复加热、浸泡多次后加热回流,滤液采用二氧化碳超临界萃取,收集得到液体状的乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、姜黄提取物。构成本发明的姜黄提取物中,颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为0.8-1:1。
本发明中,步骤二制成的制剂为酊剂、喷剂、软膏剂或贴膏剂。
上述酊剂的制备方法为:将步骤一制得的浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,加入体积浓度为60-80%的医用酒精,使酊剂中所含浸膏浓度为10%g/mL,充分搅拌溶解,过滤,分装。
上述喷剂的制备方法为:将步骤一制得的浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,得到混合物,将混合物、占混合物质量1-1.5%的冰硼散以及占混合物质量0.3-0.8%的布洛芬混合后,置于乙醇中浸泡7-30天,去渣,分装,得到喷剂;乙醇的体积与混合物A的重量之比为(4-10)mL:1g。
上述软膏剂的制备方法为:将樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水混合后加热至60-80℃,然后加入乙醇、医用凡士林以及步骤一制得的浸膏,搅拌成半流质状态,分装,得到软膏剂。
上述贴膏剂的制备方法为:取羧甲基纤维素钠和酒石酸,混合后,加水混合溶胀过夜,得到透明均一的液体,依次加入樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片、步骤一制得的浸膏,搅拌得到A相;另取聚丙烯酸钠、氢氧化铝、依地酸二钠、甘油和水混合,搅拌得到混悬液基质作为B相;然后将A相缓缓倒入B相中,随着不断搅拌,基质由液体迅速变稠,变硬,放置4h后基质中的颗粒消失,此时基质黏性大增,可以涂布;涂布好的巴布剂置于室温中晾1天后盖衬,切割,制成贴膏剂。其中,中药浸膏与基质的比例为1:2-1:11。
本发明中,制成酊剂和喷剂中的中药组合物质量含量不低于4%,软膏剂中的中药组合物质量含量不低于5%,贴膏剂中的中药组合物质量含量不低于3.75%。优选地,制备的酊剂和喷剂中的中药组合物质量含量为10-15%,软膏剂中的中药组合物质量含量为12-15%,贴膏剂中的中药组合物质量含量为10-15%。
本发明制备的制剂的微生物限度符合《中国药典》的相关规定。
本发明中药组合物的各组分应符合《中国药典》对应项的有关规定。
本发明汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物特征:
延胡索提取物,辛散温通,活血行气止痛,治气滞血瘀之痛经、月经不调、产后瘀滞腹痛,治跌打损伤、瘀肿疼痛,治风湿痹痛。
乳香,有镇痛、消炎、升高白细胞的作用,并能加速炎症渗出排泄,促进伤口愈合;所含蒎烯有祛痰作用;乳香既入血分,又入气分,能行血中气滞,化瘀止痛;内能宣通脏腑气血,外能透达经络,可用于一切气滞血瘀之痛证主要用于有瘀滞的疼痛。乳香提取物辛苦温,气芳香,辛能发散,苦能破,温能通,芳香走窜,入心肝脾经,则入血分,故能活血行气止痛,可用于治疗风湿痹痛,胸痹心痛,筋脉拘挛,胃脘疼痛,跌打损伤等。乳香提取物还可调理受刺激的肌肤和老化肌肤,平复皱纹、平衡油性皮肤、促伤口愈合。
川芎提取物,具有祛风、活血、润肤、止痒的功效,有利于面部营养改善。川芎能扩大头部毛细血管,促进血液循环,增加头发营养,并使头发有良好的柔韧性和不易变脆的功能,且能延缓白发生长,保持头发润滑光泽;活血行气,祛风止痛,用于症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。
夏天无提取物,主要含延胡索乙素、原阿片碱、空褐鳞碱、藤荷包牡丹定碱等。有活血活络、行气止痛、祛风除湿的功效;用于中风偏瘫、头痛、跌扑损伤、风湿痹痛、风湿性关节炎、坐骨神经痛、劳损腰痛、腰腿疼痛等。
姜黄提取物,具有活血通经,祛风除痹,行气止痛的功效,可用于治疗风湿痹痛,肩周炎,产后瘀滞,痛经,骨刺等症。
路路通提取物,能够祛风湿、舒筋活络、通经脉,善于治疗风湿痹痛,麻木拘挛;能够通行经脉而善于止痛,治疗跌打损伤所致疼痛;能够通经利水消肿。主要用于治疗关节痹痛,麻木痉挛,胃疼,水肿等。
透骨草提取物,祛风除湿,该品辛温,辛能行散,温胜寒湿。如《本草纲目》曰:透骨草“治筋骨一切风湿疼痛挛缩。”若因风寒湿邪侵袭肢体经络而导致肢体疼痛,麻木,屈伸不利,可选用该品,祛风散寒胜湿,病邪去,则诸症自愈;舒筋活络,该品辛散温通,入肝经,而肝主筋,故该品具有舒筋活络之功效。对于外感风寒之邪,经气失宣,症见肢体筋脉收缩抽急,不能舒转自如,可选用透骨草,祛风散寒,舒筋活络治之;活血止痛,该品辛散温通,入肝经血分,故能活血止痛。对于一身上下,心腹腰膝,内外各种疼痛,均可选用该品治之,取其辛温善走,活血利气之功,血气通则不痛。因本药外洗还有引药透入经络、血脉,而祛风、活血、止痛的特点。
青风藤提取物,有祛风湿、通经络、利尿消肿的功效,主治风湿痹痛,历节风,鹤膝风,心胃气痛,水肿,脚气,痈肿恶疮,皮肤痒疹。药理作用:镇痛作用、降压作用、抗炎作用,祛风湿强筋骨。
红花,具有活血通经,散瘀止痛的功效。主要用于治疗痛经,经闭,产后血晕,瘀滞腹痛,胸痹心痛,血积,跌打瘀肿,关节疼痛,中风偏瘫等。
山奈,以根茎入药,温中化湿,行气止痛。主治急性胃肠炎,消化不良,胃寒疼痛,牙痛,风湿关节痛,跌打损伤。
樟脑,味辛,性温,具有通关窍,利滞气,杀虫止痒,消肿止痛的作用。樟脑也是一种中药材,主要来源于植物樟脑树。
薄荷脑,属于一种化学制剂,它是有薄荷提取的一种白色晶体,薄荷脑也可以应用于药物里,复方薄荷脑是一种芳香药,也是一种祛风药,用于皮肤或粘膜产生的各种情况。
冰片,味道苦,属心经,可以帮助伤口恢复和加速肌肉形成,外用具有消肿止痛的功效。
本发明中,延胡索提取物含有生物碱、皂苷类,川芎的水提取物能够活血化瘀,减轻皮表肿胀疼痛;夏天无提取物中含有普鲁托品、原阿片碱,解痉镇痛,适应症较现有的镇痛药物多,且毒性更低,副作用少;姜黄提取物中的有效成分和挥发油能够起到消炎镇痛;路路通提取物起到解痉镇痛的作用,且本发明中提取物先经过水提然后醇提,能够提取出药理不同的有效成分,作用较单一的提取物更为显著,降低了药物的成本。
本发明采用有效缓解疼痛的中药成分和镇痛的乳香提取物、姜黄提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物活性成分配伍相宜,对肩周炎、颈椎病、腰间盘突出、腰腿疼痛、关节炎、跌打损伤、骨质增生、软组织挫伤等引起的局部闭合性软组织疼痛具有很好的镇痛疗效。乳香精油可以抑制与关节炎相关的关键炎症分子的产生,并且可以防止软骨组织的分解。
本发明经过多年研究优化出了一种新的外用止痛中药组合物,具有较好的活血散瘀、消肿止痛、祛风除湿的功效。临床验证表明,该止痛中药组合物外用起效迅速,止痛效果显著,未发现不良反应。其使用形式可以采用多种制剂形式如酊剂、喷剂、软膏剂、贴膏剂、凝胶等。
本发明得汉方草本植物精华素,外用能够达到缓解风湿痹痛、跌打损伤等疼痛的效果。其中,延胡索、乳香、川芎、夏天无,活血通络止痛为君药;姜黄、路路通、透骨草、青风藤,祛风通络为臣药;山奈、红花为佐药;樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片为使药,本发明通过君臣佐使相配合,其效果远超单一药物所具备的作用,疗效显著,且通过提取工艺,使原料的毒性降至最低。
本发明汉方草本植物精华素的消炎止痛制剂是通过肌肤渗透给药,有扩张皮肤毛细血管通透性,改善局部与整体新陈代谢的功能,兴奋神经系统,激活脑垂体反应能力,刺激皮肤神经末梢,通经活络,活血化瘀,增加血流量,提高微循环,减少局部淤血肿胀疼痛,消除病变机理的过程,从而达到治愈疾病的效果。
具体实施方式
通过以下实例形式,对本发明一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物及制备方法和应用作进一步的详细说明。
一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物,中药组合物是由以下重量份原料的中药提取物与药用辅料制成的制剂,中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物10-30份、乳香提取物12-30份、川芎提取物10-30份、夏天无提取物10-30份、姜黄提取物8-14份、路路通提取物6-18份、透骨草提取物10-15份、青风藤提取物15-40份、山奈提取物15-30份、红花提取物6-14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑0.5-6份、薄荷脑1-8份、冰片0.5-5份。
本发明中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、按照重量份数取中药组合物的各组分,然后以延胡索提取物、乳香提取物、川芎提取物、夏天无提取物、姜黄提取物、路路通提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物为原料制备成浸膏;
步骤二、将樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片研磨成细粉,然后将步骤一制得的浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,制成制剂。
本发明还提供了中药组合物在治疗风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、伤科止疼中的应用。
实施例1
将本发明的中药组合物制备成酊剂。
其中,中药组合物中的中药提取物与药用辅料的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物30g、乳香提取物30g、川芎提取物30g、夏天无提取物30g、姜黄提取物14g、路路通提取物18g、透骨草提取物35g、青风藤提取物40g、山奈提取物30g、红花提取物14g、樟脑2.5g、薄荷脑3g、冰片4g。
酊剂制备:
步骤一、将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄各自粉碎、过筛,得到粗粒;各粗粒分别用热水浸泡35min,在90℃下搅拌并煎煮2-4次,煎煮时间分别为3h,合并滤液,过滤得提取液,于55℃下减压浓缩、干燥、粉碎、过筛后得颗粒状的提取物;
步骤二、将乳香、透骨草、青风藤、姜黄粉碎后,分别浸泡于浓度为75%的乙醇溶液中,在50℃下加热1.0h后,停止加热并浸泡13h,重复加热、浸泡多次后加热回流,滤液采用二氧化碳超临界萃取,收集得到液体状的乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、姜黄提取物;步骤一颗粒状的姜黄提取物与步骤二液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为0.85:1。
步骤三、将延胡索提取物、乳香提取物、川芎提取物、夏天无提取物、颗粒状的姜黄提取物、路路通提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物混合成组合物,并在组合物中加入其6倍量的浓度为85%的乙醇,浸泡过夜或在65℃温度下回流提取1.5h后,过滤,滤液浓缩成相对密度为1.07的流浸膏;取流浸膏和樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片,加入浓度为75%的医用酒精,使酊剂中所含浸膏浓度为10%,充分搅拌溶解,过滤,分装。
选择颈椎病,肩周炎,腰腿疼,跌打损伤,风湿性关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,坐骨神经疼,骨质增生,椎管狭窄,腱鞘炎,滑膜炎,痛风,多年老损伤,腰椎间盘突出。股骨头坏死以及因气滞血瘀,经络阻滞引起的各种肿胀、酸麻、疼痛患者各120名,每一种病患者随机分成3组,每组40人,分别采用本发明实施例1中的酊剂治疗,治疗方法为:将酊剂涂于患者部位,早晚各1次,重病患者可适量增加次数,其中各组病患者详细情况如下表1。
表1 实施例1的酊剂治疗结果
从表1可以看出,本发明汉方草本植物精华素用于治疗风湿疼痛、跌打损伤疼痛等的外用酊剂,能够有效治疗风痹骨病,并且疗效显著。
以延胡索30g、乳香30g、川芎30g、夏天无30g为原料,按照常规制备工艺制成酊剂,作为本实施例的对比例,进行如实施例1相同的实验,结果如表2所示,各症状总改善率明显低于实施例1,效率不明显。
表2 对比例的酊剂治疗结果
实施例2
将本发明的中药组合物制备成外用贴膏剂。
其中,中药组合物中的中药提取物与药用辅料的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物30g、乳香提取物28g、川芎提取物22g、夏天无提取物30g、姜黄提取物14g、路路通提取物18g、透骨草提取物30g、青风藤提取物32g、山奈提取物18g、红花提取物14g、樟脑2.5g、薄荷脑3g、冰片4g;背衬层无纺布、盖衬层聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯酸钠5g、甘油30g、羧甲基纤维素钠2g、氢氧化铝0.25g、酒石酸0.5mL、依地酸二钠0.13g、水70g。
外用贴膏剂的制备:
(1)将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄各自粉碎、过筛,得到粗粒;各粗粒分别用热水浸泡35min,再90℃下搅拌并煎煮2-4次,煎煮时间分别为1.2h,合并滤液,过滤得提取液,于58℃下减压浓缩、干燥、粉碎、过筛后得颗粒状的提取物;将乳香、透骨草、青风藤、姜黄粉碎后,分别浸泡于浓度为68%的乙醇溶液中,在52℃下加热55min后,停止加热并浸泡20h,重复加热、浸泡多次后加热回流,滤液采用二氧化碳超临界萃取,收集得到液体状的乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、姜黄提取物。构成本实施例的姜黄提取物中,颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为0.95:1。
(2)取樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片研磨成细粉,备用;将中药提取物粉碎过1号筛后混合,以料液比为1:10,加入80%乙醇浸泡30min,78℃回流提取80-120min,收集滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.06的流浸膏;(3)将CMC-Na和酒石酸加水混合溶胀过夜,得到透明均一的液体,依次加入23mL流浸膏、冰片、樟脑、薄荷脑搅拌得到A相;另将PAAS、氢氧化铝、EDTA二钠和甘油混合搅拌后得到混悬液B相;(4)然后将A相缓缓倒入B相中,随着不断搅拌,基质由液体迅速变稠,变硬,放置4h后基质中的颗粒消失,此时基质黏性大增,可以涂布;涂布好的巴布剂置于室温中晾1天后盖衬,切割。其中,中药流浸膏与基质的比例为1:2-1:11。
实施例3
将本发明的中药组合物制备成外用贴膏剂。
其中,中药组合物中的中药提取物与药用辅料的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物30g、乳香提取物30g、川芎提取物28g、夏天无提取物30g、姜黄提取物14g、路路通提取物18g、透骨草提s取物30g、青风藤提取物32g、山奈提取物18g、红花提取物14g、樟脑2.5g、薄荷脑3g、冰片4g、背衬层人造布、盖衬层防粘纸、聚丙烯酸钠5g、甘油30g、羧甲基纤维素钠2g氢氧化铝0.25g、酒石酸0.5mL、依地酸二钠0.13g、水70g。
外用贴膏剂的制备:(1)取樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片研磨成细粉,备用;(2)将中药提取物粉碎过1号筛后混合,以料液比为1:8,加入60%乙醇浸泡35min,75℃回流提取1-1.5h,收集滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.07的流浸膏;(3)将CMC-Na和酒石酸加水混合溶胀过夜,得到透明均一的液体,依次加入23mL流浸膏、冰片、樟脑2.5g、薄荷脑搅拌得到A相;另将PAAS、氢氧化铝、EDTA二钠和甘油混合搅拌后得到混悬液B相;(4)然后,将A相缓缓倒入B相中,随着不断搅拌,基质由液体迅速变稠,变硬,放置4h后基质中的颗粒消失,此时基质黏性大增,可以涂布;涂布好的巴布剂置于室温中晾1天后盖衬,切割。
其中,中药流浸膏与基质的比例为1:2-1:11。
本发明汉方草本植物精华素制成的中药外用贴膏剂,利用各组分产生的综合作用,具有活血散於、消肿止疼、祛风除湿的作用,能够有效地治疗风湿疼痛、伤科止痛、跌打损伤等。经研究表明,该药具有穿透力强、见效快、疗程短、疗效好等优点,既方便又实用。
为了更好地说明本发明汉方草本植物精华素所具有的有益效果,本发明做了以下药效学试验研究:
1、药物
按本发明实施例2汉方草本植物精华素所述外用贴膏剂制备方法制得膏体中药物含量(药物含量即浸膏所占膏体的质量百分比含量)分别为1.88%、3.75%、7.5%、15%的外用贴膏剂。
2、镇痛作用试验研究
2.1、本发明汉方草本植物精华素止痛外用贴膏剂对醋酸扭体疼痛造模型起效时间的确定。
将60只ICR大鼠按照体重随机分组,每组12只,雌雄各半。用脱毛膏脱去腹部毛发,面积为4×4cm,将载药量为15%的止痛外用贴膏剂或空白外用贴膏剂贴于腹部(作为模型对照组),计时,然后将大鼠固定在木板上防止其抓掉药物,于给药5、15、30、60min后腹腔注射致痛剂(0.6%醋酸溶液,0.2mL/10g),计算开始扭体得时间(疼痛潜伏期),15min内和20min内扭体次数(扭体动作作为:后肢伸展,身体扭曲,拉长,腹肌内凹,间歇性收缩等,即疼痛指标)。试验结果采用spss17.0统计,方差齐,结果如下3。
表3 止痛外用贴膏剂不同贴敷时间的药效对比(n=12)
与对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
由表2可知,止痛外用贴膏剂对大鼠醋酸扭体疼痛模型止痛效果明显,结果表明:该汉方草本植物精华素止痛外用贴膏剂止痛作用起效时间为15min。
2.2.本发明汉方草本植物精华素外用贴膏剂止痛剂量的优化
复制lCR大鼠醋酸扭体法疼痛模型:将60只大鼠按照体重随机分组,每组12只,雌雄各半。用脱毛膏脱去腹部毛发,面积为4x4cm,载药量为15.00%、7.5%、3.75%、1.88%或空白外用贴膏剂贴于腹部,其中,空白外用贴膏剂贴于腹部作为模型对照组,计时,然后将大鼠固定在木板上防止其抓掉药物,于给药30min后腹腔注射致痛剂0.6%醋酸溶液(0.2mL/10g),计算开始扭体得时间15min内和20min内扭体次数(扭体动作:后肢伸展,身体扭曲,拉长,腹肌内凹,间歇性收缩等,即疼痛指标)。试验结果采用spss17.0统计,方差不齐,采用秩和检验,结果如下4:
表4 止痛外用贴膏剂用药剂量与效果之间的关系(n=12)
与空白对照组比较,*P<0.05。
由表3可知,当载药量为3.75%时,汉方草本植物精华素止痛外用贴膏剂对大鼠醋酸扭体疼痛模型即可产生显著止痛效果,随载药量增加,汉方草本植物精华素止痛效果也越显著。
实施例4
将本发明的中药组合物制备成外用喷剂。
其中,中药组合物中的中药提取物与药用辅料的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物20g、乳香提取物16g、川芎提取物12g、夏天无提取物15g、固体的姜黄提取物4.5g、路路通提取物12g、透骨草提取物35g、青风藤提取物20g、山奈提取物15g、红花提取物8g、樟脑1.5g、薄荷脑2.5g、冰片2g、液体的姜黄提取物5.5g。
将颗粒状的延胡索提取物、川芎提取物、姜黄提取物、夏天无提取物、路路通提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物混合成组合物,并在组合物中加入其7重量倍数的浓度为80%的乙醇,在80℃下回流提取0.5h后,过滤,滤液与液体状的姜黄提取物、乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物混合后,浓缩成相对密度为1.05的浸膏;颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为1:1。将浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,得到混合物,将混合物、占混合物质量1-1.5%的冰硼散以及占混合物质量0.3-0.8%的布洛芬混合后,置于乙醇中浸泡7-30天,去渣,分装,得到喷剂;乙醇的体积与混合物A的重量之比为(4-10)mL:1g。
选取有关节疼痛、关节红肿、关节局部发热等各种肿胀、酸麻、疼痛临床症状的患者100例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组50人。统计每组的病症,其中,实验组:骨质增生12例,滑膜炎11例,类风湿性关节炎12例,跌打损伤5例,多年老损伤10;对照组:骨质增生10例,滑膜炎15例,类风湿性关节炎12例,跌打损伤3例,多年老损伤10例,且P>0.05。其中,对照组给予常规口服西药治疗,外用适当的医疗按摩手法,治疗两周;实验组给予与对照组同样的口服西药治疗,然后喷涂本实施例的制剂后,采用与对照组一致的按摩手法,治疗两周。结果显示,对照组无效23例、有效16例、显效11例,总有效率为54%;实验组无效4例、有效18例、显效25例,总有效率92%。其中,无效指患者感到病症未得到显著改善,关节功能未恢复正常;有效指病症大部分消失,关节功能基本恢复正常;显效指病症全部消失,关节功能恢复正常。
实施例5
将本发明的中药组合物制备成外用软膏剂。
其中,中药组合物中的中药提取物与药用辅料的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物26g、乳香提取物12g、川芎提取物25g、夏天无提取物10g、姜黄提取物12g、路路通提取物10g、透骨草提取物26g、青风藤提取物15g、山奈提取物25g、红花提取物6g、樟脑4g、薄荷脑8g、冰片5g。构成本实施例的姜黄提取物中,颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为1:1。
将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄各自粉碎、过筛,得到粗粒;各粗粒分别用热水浸泡40min,在93℃下搅拌并煎煮2-4次,煎煮时间分别为1-3h,合并滤液,过滤得提取液,于52℃下减压浓缩、干燥、粉碎、过筛后得颗粒状的提取物。将乳香、透骨草、青风藤、姜黄粉碎后,分别浸泡于浓度为60%的乙醇溶液中,在50℃下加热70min后,停止加热并浸泡13h,重复加热、浸泡多次后加热回流,滤液采用二氧化碳超临界萃取,收集得到液体状的乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、姜黄提取物。
将颗粒状的延胡索提取物、川芎提取物、姜黄提取物、夏天无提取物、路路通提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物混合成组合物,并在组合物中加入其5重量倍数的浓度为68%的乙醇,在79℃下回流提取100min后,过滤,滤液与液体状的姜黄提取物、乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物混合后,浓缩成相对密度为1.07的浸膏;颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为1:1。将浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,得到混合物,将混合物、占混合物质量1.2%的冰硼散以及占混合物质量0.6%的布洛芬混合后,置于乙醇中浸泡28天,去渣,分装,得到喷剂;乙醇的体积与混合物A的重量之比为10mL:1g。
选取有关节疼痛、关节红肿、关节局部发热等各种肿胀、酸麻、疼痛临床症状的患者100例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组50人。统计每组的病症,其中,实验组:骨质增生11例,滑膜炎9例,类风湿性关节炎13例,跌打损伤6例,多年老损伤11;对照组:骨质增生12例,滑膜炎9例,类风湿性关节炎13例,跌打损伤8例,多年老损伤8例,且P>0.05。其中,对照组给予常规口服西药治疗,外用适当的医疗按摩手法,治疗两周;实验组给予与对照组同样的口服西药治疗,然后喷涂本实施例的制剂后,采用与对照组一致的按摩手法,治疗两周。结果显示:对照组无效22例、有效17例、显效11例,总有效率为56%;实验组无效4例、有效19例、显效27例,总有效率92%。其中,无效指患者感到病症未得到显著改善,关节功能未恢复正常;有效指病症大部分消失,关节功能基本恢复正常;显效指病症全部消失,关节功能恢复正常。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的汉方草本植物精华素优选实施方式,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明汉方草本植物精华素进行了详细的说明,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明汉方草本植物精华素专利原理前提下,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或者替换也应该视为本发明汉方草本植物精华素各实施例技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物,其特征在于:中药组合物是由以下重量份数的中药提取物与药用辅料制成的制剂:中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物10-30份、乳香提取物12-30份、川芎提取物10-30份、夏天无提取物10-30份、姜黄提取物8-14份、路路通提取物6-18份、透骨草提取物10-35份、青风藤提取物15-40份、山奈提取物15-30份、红花提取物6-14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑0.5-6份、薄荷脑1-8份、冰片0.5-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物,其特征在于:中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物20-30份、乳香提取物16-30份、川芎提取物12-30份、夏天无提取物15-30份、姜黄提取物10-14份、路路通提取物12-18份、透骨草提取物15-35份、青风藤提取物20-40份、山奈提取物18-30份、红花提取物8-14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑1.5-6份、薄荷脑2.5-8份、冰片2-5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物,其特征在于:中药提取物中各组分的重量份数用量为:延胡索提取物30份、乳香提取物30份、川芎提取物30份、夏天无提取物30份、姜黄提取物14份、路路通提取物18份、透骨草提取物35份、青风藤提取物40份、山奈提取物30份、红花提取物14份;药用辅料中各组分的重量份数用量为:樟脑2.5份、薄荷脑3份、冰片4份。
4.制备如权利要求1的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤一、按照重量份数取中药组合物的各组分,然后以延胡索提取物、乳香提取物、川芎提取物、夏天无提取物、姜黄提取物、路路通提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物为原料制备成浸膏;
步骤二、将樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片研磨成细粉,然后将步骤一制得的浸膏与樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合,制成制剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤一中制备浸膏的方法为:将粉碎成颗粒状的延胡索提取物、川芎提取物、姜黄提取物、夏天无提取物、路路通提取物、山奈提取物、红花提取物混合成组合物,并在组合物中加入其4-10重量倍数的浓度为60-85%的乙醇,浸泡过夜或在50-80℃下回流提取0.5-2h后,过滤,滤液与液体状的姜黄提取物、乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物混合后,浓缩成相对密度为1.05-1.07的浸膏。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:中药提取物的制备方法为:将延胡索、川芎、夏天无、路路通、山奈、红花、姜黄各自粉碎、过筛,得到粗粒;各粗粒分别用热水浸泡30-50min,在90-100℃下搅拌并煎煮2-4次,煎煮时间分别为1-3h,合并滤液,过滤得提取液,于50-60℃下减压浓缩、干燥、粉碎、过筛后得颗粒状的提取物;将乳香、透骨草、青风藤、姜黄粉碎后,分别浸泡于浓度为50-75%的乙醇溶液中,在40-55℃下加热0.4-1.5h后,停止加热并浸泡12-24h,重复加热、浸泡多次后加热回流,滤液采用二氧化碳超临界萃取,收集得到液体状的乳香提取物、透骨草提取物、青风藤提取物、姜黄提取物。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:构成本发明的姜黄提取物中,颗粒状的姜黄提取物与液体状的姜黄提取物的质量比为0.8-1:1。
8.如权利要求4所述的一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二制成的制剂为酊剂、喷剂、软膏剂或贴膏剂。
9.一种汉方草本植物精华素的中药组合物在治疗风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、伤科止疼中的应用。
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