CN111296268A - Large-scale crop soilless culture system and nutrient solution injection and return method - Google Patents
Large-scale crop soilless culture system and nutrient solution injection and return method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296268A CN111296268A CN202010281642.9A CN202010281642A CN111296268A CN 111296268 A CN111296268 A CN 111296268A CN 202010281642 A CN202010281642 A CN 202010281642A CN 111296268 A CN111296268 A CN 111296268A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G2031/006—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics with means for recycling the nutritive solution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale crop soilless culture system and a nutrient solution injection and return method, wherein the soil culture system comprises a fixed bracket, a culture device, an injection and return device and a positioning device; a plurality of culture devices are uniformly placed on the fixed bracket from top to bottom and from left to right; the installation of notes head device among notes liquid, liquid device realizes through positioner's lateral shifting part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to a row of horizontal culture apparatus on the fixed bolster on positioner, realizes through positioner's vertical moving part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to vertical culture apparatus on the fixed bolster. The invention realizes the effects of unmanned cultivation, large-scale planting and zero discharge of nutrient solution for various crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soilless culture, in particular to a large-scale crop soilless culture system and a nutrient solution injection and return method.
Background
Soilless culture refers to a culture method in which water, grass carbon or forest leaf mold, vermiculite and other media are used as substrates for fixing plants, and the plant roots can directly contact with nutrient solution.
The existing soilless culture technology adopts water culture mostly, and the root systems of a plurality of plants are not suitable for being soaked in nutrient solution all the time, so that the phenomena of root rot, oxygen deficiency and the like can be generated, the growth of the plants can be seriously influenced, and even the death and the like can be caused.
However, in some small-scale soilless culture, the regular replacement of the nutrient solution can be performed manually, which undoubtedly greatly increases the amount of labor for large-scale soilless culture.
Of course, some nutrient solution containers for large-scale soilless culture adopt S-shaped pipes, so that the nutrient solution can be replaced quickly, however, a large amount of nutrient solution is needed for each replacement, and the cost is undoubtedly increased. However, in order to avoid the lack of oxygen in the roots of the plants, a large amount of nutrient solution is wasted after the nutrient solution is frequently replaced, because most of the nutrient solution can be continuously used.
Some large-scale soilless culture adopts a spraying form to spray nutrient solution, which can avoid the root rot phenomenon of plants, however, the spraying form will inevitably spray the nutrient solution to the surrounding environment of the plants, and the plants are frequently sprayed, which undoubtedly causes great waste of the nutrient solution; furthermore, the pH value of the nutrient solution directly influences the existence state, transformation and effectiveness of nutrients in the nutrient solution. When the pH value is adjusted, strong acid and strong base are diluted by adding water and then added into the nutrient solution drop by drop, so that the nutrient solution sprayed to the outside can cause certain environmental pollution.
In actual cultivation, different plants need different nutrient solutions, so one plant is generally cultivated in one operation room, and crops are too single.
Therefore, a full-automatic large-scale crop soilless culture system with zero discharge of nutrient solution needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a large-scale crop soilless culture system and a nutrient solution injection and return method, and the effects of unmanned culture, large-scale planting and zero nutrient solution discharge of various crops are realized.
The invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a large-scale crop soilless culture system comprises a fixed bracket, a culture device, a liquid injection and return device and a positioning device; a plurality of culture devices are uniformly placed on the fixed bracket from top to bottom and from left to right; the installation of notes head device among notes liquid, liquid device realizes through positioner's lateral shifting part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to a row of horizontal culture apparatus on the fixed bolster on positioner, realizes through positioner's vertical moving part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to vertical culture apparatus on the fixed bolster.
Further, the culture device consists of a liquid containing chamber and a plurality of insert cavities positioned in the liquid containing chamber; the plurality of insert cavities are inserted from the top surface of the liquid containing chamber and extend to the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber; the insert cavity is not contacted with the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber, so that the liquid in the liquid containing chamber flows in or out from the gap between the insert cavity and the liquid containing chamber; or after the insert cavity is contacted with the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the side wall of the insert cavity positioned in the liquid containing chamber, and liquid flows in or out through the plurality of through holes.
Furthermore, the top of each insert cavity penetrates out of the top surface of the liquid containing chamber to be preset in height, a plurality of detachable sleeves are upwards connected to the positions of the penetrating insert cavities, and the heights of the sleeves are adjusted through the growth height of crops, so that the crops are fixed.
Further, the liquid injection and return device comprises a liquid return tank, a liquid preparation tank I, a liquid preparation tank II, a waste liquid tank, an injection pump, a switch valve and an injection head device; the switch valve is arranged in the culture device and close to the bottom, and the switch valve penetrates out of the culture device; the top of the liquid return tank is communicated with the injection head device through an electromagnetic valve I, the bottom of the liquid return tank is communicated with a liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve II, and the liquid injection pump is communicated with the injection head device; the bottom of the liquid distribution tank I is communicated with a liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve III; the liquid preparation tank II is communicated with the liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve IV; when the injection head device abuts against the switch valve, the switch valve is conducted, and after the electromagnetic valve I is opened, liquid in the culture device flows into the liquid return tank after sequentially passing through the switch valve, the injection head device and the electromagnetic valve I; closing the electromagnetic valve I, opening the electromagnetic valve II and then starting the liquid injection pump, wherein the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence; or after the electromagnetic valve I is closed, opening the electromagnetic valve III or the electromagnetic valve IV, starting the liquid injection pump, and enabling the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I or the liquid preparation tank II to flow into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence; the top of the waste liquid tank is communicated with the bottom of the liquid return tank through an electromagnetic valve V, and after the electromagnetic valve V is opened, the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the waste liquid tank.
Further, the switch valve comprises a T-shaped valve core I and a cylindrical valve body I; the horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core I is a hollow rod, and the horizontal rod is inserted into the cylindrical valve body I and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body I by a preset length; a vertical stop block of the T-shaped valve core I is left outside the cylindrical valve body I, a spring I penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body I, one end of the spring I abuts against the cylindrical valve body I, the other end of the spring I abuts against an abutting ring I on the horizontal rod, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the horizontal rod at the vertical stop block; under the elastic force of the spring I, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side face of the cylindrical valve body I, so that liquid in the culture device cannot flow out; the injection head device comprises a hollow support plate and a plurality of hollow injection heads; the support plate is arranged on the positioning device, and the plurality of injection heads are horizontally arranged on the support plate at intervals, so that each injection head corresponds to a switch valve on the culture device; the front end of the injection head is provided with an inner check ring; the inner retainer ring pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device is tightly abutted against the switch valve, and at the moment, the plurality of through holes on the horizontal rod are positioned outside the horizontal rod, so that the outflow and inflow of liquid are realized; the inner retainer ring is in threaded connection with the injection head, and the flow of the switch valve is adjusted by screwing the inner retainer ring in and out.
Further, the switch valve comprises a T-shaped valve core II and a cylindrical valve body II; a plurality of slideways are arranged in the cylindrical valve body II, and each slideway consists of a middle ring and a plurality of connecting rods which are radially distributed;
the horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core II is inserted into the plurality of circular rings and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body II by a preset length; a vertical stop block of the T-shaped valve core II is left outside the cylindrical valve body II, a spring II penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body II, one end of the spring II abuts against the slideway, and the other end of the spring II abuts against an abutting ring II on the horizontal rod; under the elastic force of the spring II, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side face of the cylindrical valve body II, so that liquid in the culture device cannot flow out; the injection head device comprises a hollow support plate and a plurality of hollow injection heads; the support plate is arranged on the positioning device, and the plurality of injection heads are horizontally arranged on the support plate at intervals, so that each injection head corresponds to a switch valve on the culture device; the front end of the injection head is provided with a supporting head which consists of a middle cylinder and a plurality of connecting rods distributed in a radial shape; the cylinder pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device is tightly abutted against the switch valve, and the liquid flows out and in through gaps among the connecting rods which are distributed in a radial shape; the abutting head is in threaded connection with the injection head, and the flow of the switch valve is adjusted by screwing in and screwing out the abutting head.
Further, the positioning device comprises a square frame, a transverse moving part, a longitudinal moving part and a driving part; the square frame is arranged on the ground, the longitudinal moving part is a square box body, two sides of the square box body are connected to two side columns of the square frame in a sliding mode, and the square box body can move up and down through the driving part; the transverse moving component is a plurality of pushing oil cylinders which are arranged at one end of the square box body, and the pushing oil cylinders are connected with the injection head devices in the liquid injection and return devices to realize transverse movement of the injection head devices; the driving component comprises a motor and a lead screw; the lead screw one end is rotated through the bearing and is connected on square frame bottom plate, and the lead screw other end is connected in motor shaft, square box and lead screw threaded connection realize through the lead screw rotation that square box reciprocates.
Furthermore, a plurality of pushing oil cylinders are arranged at the other end of the square box body and connected with the injection head devices in the liquid injection and return devices, so that the injection head devices can move transversely; the two groups of culture devices can be simultaneously operated by the pushing oil cylinders arranged on the two sides, so that the working efficiency is improved.
The culture device comprises a plurality of fixed supports, a positioning device and a moving device, wherein the positioning device is arranged on the moving device and is driven by the moving device to horizontally move, so that the culture devices of the plurality of fixed supports are operated; each fixed support is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device conveys corresponding liquid.
A nutrient solution filling and returning method for a large-scale crop soilless culture system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the positioning of the injection head device at a row of transverse culture devices is realized through a positioning device;
step two: pushing the injection head device to the culture device through the positioning device, enabling one injection head on the injection head device to correspond to one switch valve on the culture device, and opening the switch valve through the injection head;
step three: opening the electromagnetic valve III, starting the liquid injection pump, and enabling the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I to flow into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence;
step four: the injection head device is far away from the culture device through the positioning device, so that the switch valve is closed;
step five: positioning the injection head device at the next row of transverse culture devices through the positioning device, and repeating the process until the culture devices on the fixed support are completely filled;
step six: the filling head device is abutted against the switch valve through the positioning device so as to conduct the switch valve, and after the electromagnetic valve I is opened, liquid in the culture device flows into the liquid return tank after sequentially passing through the switch valve, the filling head device and the electromagnetic valve I;
step seven: opening a nutrient solution detector on the liquid return tank; when the liquid nutrient content is in the preset range, carrying out the operation of the step eight; when the liquid nutrient content is not in the preset range, carrying out the ninth operation;
step eight: after an oxygenation pump on the liquid return tank is started to aerate liquid for a preset time, the electromagnetic valve I is closed, the electromagnetic valve II is opened, and then the liquid injection pump is started, so that the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve in sequence by the liquid injection pump;
step nine: opening the electromagnetic valve V to enable liquid in the liquid return tank to flow into a waste liquid tank; after the electromagnetic valve I is closed, the electromagnetic valve III is opened, the liquid injection pump is started, and liquid in the liquid preparation tank I flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve in sequence by the liquid injection pump;
step ten: the injection head device is far away from the culture device through the positioning device, so that the switch valve is closed;
step eleven: positioning the injection head device at the next row of transverse culture devices through the positioning device, and repeating the process until all the liquid is oxygenated and the liquid is replaced for the culture devices on the fixed support;
step twelve: the positioning device is driven to horizontally move by the moving device, so that the liquid injection and return operations of the culture device of the next fixed support are realized;
step thirteen: each fixed support is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device conveys corresponding liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the automation degree is high, and the nutrient solution is replaced, extracted and input at intervals, so that all tasks can be finished without being attended;
2. the components of the nutrient solution are automatically detected, automatic solution preparation and automatic waste liquid recovery are realized, the nutrient solution is reused, and the planting cost is reduced;
3. the leakage of the nutrient solution is effectively avoided, the pollution of air and water quality is avoided, and the zero emission of the nutrient solution is realized;
4. the operations of liquid injection, liquid return and the like on the culture devices in each row of the fixed support are accurately realized through the positioning device, and the operations of liquid injection, liquid return and the like on the culture devices on one row and two rows of the fixed supports are realized through the moving device;
5. the liquid injection operation of providing different nutrient solutions for different crops is realized by arranging the plurality of liquid preparation tanks, and the operations of liquid injection, liquid return and the like of all the crops can be finished by adopting one liquid injection pump, so that the frequent starting and stopping of the water pump are avoided, and the pipeline arrangement and the control program are simplified;
6. the height difference self-flowing liquid returning is adopted in the liquid returning process, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved;
7. the designed switch valve is simple in structure and strong in functionality, and the water inlet and the water discharge flow of the switch valve are controlled by adjusting the injection head, so that the practicability of the switch valve is further improved;
8. the liquid is drained and injected regularly, and oxygen is added to the nutrient solution, so that root rot and oxygen deficiency of crops caused by the fact that the crops are soaked in water or the nutrient solution all the time are avoided, and the healthy growth of the crops is guaranteed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soilless culture system;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of a culture apparatus having two sets of fixing supports;
FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the switch valve (a in the closed state and b in the open state);
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a nozzle assembly adapted to the on-off valve of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the nozzle assembly adapted to the on-off valve of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 shows another preferred embodiment of the on-off valve (a in the closed state and b in the open state);
FIG. 7 is a front view of the nozzle assembly adapted to the on-off valve of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a view of the slide of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a view showing the fitting structure of the injection head device and the on-off valve after adjusting the head abutting distance;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of the positioning apparatus;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the culture apparatus on both sides of a square case.
The labels in the figure are: 10-a fixed support, 20-a culture device, 30-a liquid injection and return device, 40-a positioning device and 50-a moving device;
201-liquid containing chamber, 202-insert chamber, 203-sleeve;
301-liquid return tank, 302-liquid preparation tank I, 303-liquid preparation tank II, 304-waste liquid tank, 305-liquid injection pump, 306-switch valve, 307-injection head device, 308-electromagnetic valve I, 309-electromagnetic valve II, 310-electromagnetic valve III, 311-electromagnetic valve IV, 312-electromagnetic valve V, 313-supporting plate, 314-injection head, 315-inner retainer ring;
321-T type valve core I, 322-cylindrical valve body I, 323-spring I, 324-abutting ring I, 325-through hole, 326-T type valve core II, 327-cylindrical valve body II, 328-slideway, 329-spring II, 330-abutting ring II, 331-abutting head;
401-square frame, 402-square box, 403-pushing oil cylinder, 404-motor, 405-lead screw, 406-bearing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a large-scale crop soilless culture system comprises a fixed bracket 10, a culture device 20, a liquid injection and return device 30 and a positioning device 40; a plurality of culture devices 20 are uniformly placed on the fixed bracket 10 from top to bottom and from left to right; the injection and return device 307 of the injection and return device 30 is arranged on the positioning device 40, the injection and return operation of the injection device 307 on a row of transverse culture devices 20 on the fixed support 10 is realized through a transverse moving part of the positioning device 40, and the injection and return operation of the injection device 307 on a longitudinal culture device 20 on the fixed support 10 is realized through a longitudinal moving part of the positioning device 40.
The following is a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment with respect to the culture apparatus:
as shown in FIG. 2, the culture device 20 is composed of a liquid-containing chamber 201 and a plurality of insert chambers 202 located in the liquid-containing chamber 201; a plurality of insert cavities 202 are inserted from the top surface of the liquid containing chamber 201 and extend to the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber 201; the insert cavity 202 does not contact the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber 201, so that the liquid in the liquid containing chamber 201 flows in or out from the gap between the insert cavity 202 and the liquid containing chamber 201; or after the insert cavity 202 is contacted with the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber 201, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the side wall of the insert cavity 202 in the liquid containing chamber 201, and liquid flows in or out through the plurality of through holes.
Further scheme: the top of each insert cavity 202 penetrates out of the top surface of the liquid containing chamber 201 by a preset height, a plurality of detachable sleeves 203 are upwards connected to the positions of the penetrating insert cavities 202, and the heights of the sleeves 203 are adjusted through the growth height of crops, so that the crops are fixed.
The top inner wall in insert chamber 202 is equipped with the internal thread, and the bottom outer wall of sleeve 203 is equipped with the external screw thread, realizes sleeve 203 through the interior external screw thread fit and installs on insert chamber 202. Of course, the detachable device is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any mechanism for movement is within the scope of the present invention.
The following provides a preferred embodiment of the above-described embodiment with respect to the liquid injection and return device:
as shown in fig. 1, the liquid injection and return device 30 comprises a liquid return tank 301, a liquid preparation tank i 302, a liquid preparation tank ii 303, a waste liquid tank 304, a liquid injection pump 305, a switch valve 306 and a head injection device 307; the on-off valve 306 is installed in the culture device 20 near the bottom, and the on-off valve 306 passes out of the culture device 20; the top of the liquid return tank 301 is communicated with the injection head device 307 through an electromagnetic valve I308, the bottom of the liquid return tank 301 is communicated with the liquid injection pump 305 through an electromagnetic valve II 309, and the liquid injection pump 305 is communicated with the injection head device 307; the bottom of the liquid preparation tank I302 is communicated with a liquid injection pump 305 through an electromagnetic valve III 310; the liquid preparation tank II 303 is communicated with the liquid injection pump 305 through an electromagnetic valve IV 311; when the injection head device 307 abuts against the switch valve 306 to conduct the switch valve 306, and the solenoid valve I308 is opened, the liquid in the culture device 20 flows into the liquid return tank 301 after passing through the switch valve 306, the injection head device 307 and the solenoid valve I308 in sequence; closing the electromagnetic valve I308, opening the electromagnetic valve II 309 and then starting the liquid injection pump 305, wherein the liquid in the liquid return tank 301 flows into the culture device 20 through the injection head device 307 and the switch valve 306 by the liquid injection pump 305 in sequence; or after the electromagnetic valve I308 is closed, the electromagnetic valve III 310 or the electromagnetic valve IV 311 is opened, the liquid injection pump 305 is started, and the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I302 or the liquid preparation tank II 303 flows into the culture device 20 through the injection head device 307 and the switch valve 306 in sequence by the liquid injection pump 305; the top of the waste liquid tank 304 is communicated with the bottom of the return liquid tank 301 through a solenoid valve V312, and after the solenoid valve V312 is opened, the liquid in the return liquid tank 301 flows into the waste liquid tank 304.
The following is a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment with respect to the switching valve:
as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the switching valve comprises a T-shaped valve core i 321 and a cylindrical valve body i 322; the horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core I321 is a hollow rod, and the horizontal rod is inserted into the cylindrical valve body I322 and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body I322 for a preset length; a vertical stop block of a T-shaped valve core I321 is left outside a cylindrical valve body I322, a spring I323 penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body I322, one end of the spring I323 abuts against the cylindrical valve body I322, the other end of the spring I323 abuts against an abutting ring I324 on the horizontal rod, and a plurality of through holes 325 are formed in the horizontal rod at the vertical stop block; under the elastic force of the spring I323, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side face of the cylindrical valve body I322, so that the liquid in the culture device 20 cannot flow out; the injection head device 307 includes a hollow support plate 313 and a plurality of hollow injection heads 314; a support plate 313 is mounted on the positioning device 40, and a plurality of injection heads 314 are horizontally mounted on the support plate 313 at intervals so that each injection head 314 corresponds to the on-off valve 306 on one culture device 20; the front end of the injection head 314 is provided with an inner retainer ring 315; the inner retainer 315 pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device 307 tightly abuts behind the on-off valve 306, and at this time, the plurality of through holes 325 on the horizontal rod are located outside the horizontal rod, thereby realizing the outflow and inflow of liquid.
Further scheme: the inner retainer 315 is threaded into the nozzle and the flow of the valve is adjusted by screwing the inner retainer 315 in and out. When the inner retainer 315 is located at the end of the injection head 314, at this time, the inner retainer 315 pushes the T-shaped valve element i 321 to fully extend, i.e., the vertical stopper is farthest away from the cylindrical valve body i 322, so that the opening of the through hole 325 is the largest; when the inner retainer ring 315 is screwed in at a certain depth of the injection head, the inner retainer ring 315 can only push the T-shaped valve core I321 outwards for a certain distance, so that the opening of the through hole 325 is reduced.
The more recent scheme is as follows: a rubber pad is arranged on the horizontal rod at the vertical stop block to further realize the sealing between the vertical stop block and the cylindrical valve body I322; a rubber pad is adhered to the injection head 314 to further realize the sealing between the injection head 314 and the cylindrical valve body I322.
The above embodiment is given below with respect to another preferred embodiment of the switching valve:
as shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9, the switching valve includes a T-shaped spool ii 326 and a cylindrical valve body ii 327; a plurality of slide ways 328 are arranged in the cylindrical valve body II 327, and each slide way 328 consists of a middle ring and a plurality of connecting rods distributed in a radial shape; a horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core II 326 is inserted into the plurality of circular rings and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body II 327 for a preset length; a vertical stop block of the T-shaped valve core II 326 is remained outside the cylindrical valve body II 327, a spring II 329 penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body II 327, one end of the spring II 329 is propped against a slide rail 328, and the other end of the spring II is propped against a propping ring II 330 on the horizontal rod; under the elasticity of the spring II 329, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side surface of the cylindrical valve body II 327, so that the liquid in the culture device 20 cannot flow out; the injection head device 307 includes a hollow support plate 313 and a plurality of hollow injection heads 314; a support plate 313 is mounted on the positioning device 40, and a plurality of injection heads 314 are horizontally mounted on the support plate 313 at intervals so that each injection head 314 corresponds to the on-off valve 306 on one culture device 20; the front end of the injection head 314 is provided with a supporting head 331, and the supporting head 331 consists of a middle cylinder and a plurality of connecting rods distributed in a radial shape; the cylinder pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device is tightly abutted behind the switch valve 306, and the liquid flows out and in through the gaps between the connecting rods distributed in a radial shape.
Further scheme: the abutment 331 is screwed into the injection head 314, and the flow of the on-off valve 306 is adjusted by screwing the abutment 331 out. When the abutment 331 is located at the end of the injection head 314, the abutment 331 pushes the T-shaped valve element ii 326 to fully extend, i.e. the vertical stopper is farthest away from the cylindrical valve body ii 327, so that the opening is maximized; when the abutting head 331 is screwed into the injection head 314 to a certain depth, the abutting head 331 can only push the T-shaped valve core ii 326 outwards for a certain distance, so that the opening is reduced.
The more recent scheme is as follows: a rubber pad is arranged on the horizontal rod at the vertical stop block to further realize the sealing between the vertical stop block and the cylindrical valve body II 327; a rubber pad is adhered to the injection head for further sealing between the injection head 314 and the cylindrical valve body II 327.
The following is a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment with respect to the positioning device:
as shown in fig. 10, the positioning device 40 includes a square frame 401, a lateral moving part, a longitudinal moving part, and a driving part; the square frame 401 is arranged on the ground, the longitudinal moving part is a square box body 402, two sides of the square box body 402 are connected to two side columns of the square frame 401 in a sliding mode, and the square box body 402 can move up and down through the driving part; the transverse moving part is a plurality of pushing oil cylinders 403, the pushing oil cylinders 403 are arranged at one end of the square box 402, and the pushing oil cylinders 403 are connected with the injection head device 307 in the liquid injection and return device 30 to realize transverse movement of the injection head device 307; the driving component comprises a motor 404 and a lead screw 405; lead screw 405 one end passes through bearing 406 and rotates to be connected on square frame 401 bottom plate, and the lead screw 405 other end is connected in the pivot of motor 404, and square box 402 and lead screw 405 threaded connection rotate through lead screw 405 and realize that square box 402 reciprocates.
Further scheme: as shown in fig. 11, the other end of the square box 402 is provided with a plurality of pushing cylinders 403, and the pushing cylinders 403 are connected to the injection head device 307 in the liquid injection and return device 30 to realize the lateral movement of the injection head device 307; the two sets of culture devices 20 can be simultaneously operated by the pushing cylinders 403 arranged on both sides, thereby improving the working efficiency.
Further scheme: the culture device is characterized by further comprising a moving device, wherein the positioning device 40 is arranged on the moving device 50, and the moving device 50 drives the positioning device 40 to horizontally move, so that the culture devices 20 of the plurality of fixed supports 10 are operated; each fixing support 10 is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device 40 is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device 30 delivers corresponding liquid.
The moving device 50 comprises a supporting plate, rollers are arranged at two ends of the lower portion of the supporting plate, a rotating shaft is connected between the two rollers at the rear side, a gear is connected to the rotating shaft, a motor is installed below the supporting plate, a gear is connected to a rotating rod of the motor, a chain is arranged between the two gears, and forward and backward movement of the supporting plate is achieved through forward and backward rotation of the motor. Of course, the moving device is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any mechanism related to the movement falls within the scope of the present invention.
The invention also provides a nutrient solution injection and return method of the large-scale soilless culture system for crops, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: turning on the motor 404, the lead screw 405 rotates to position the square box 402 at the row of transverse culture devices 20;
step two: the push cylinder 403 is started to push the injection head device 307 to the culture device 20, so that one injection head 314 on the injection head device 307 corresponds to one on-off valve 306 on the culture device 20, and the on-off valve 306 is opened through the injection head 314;
step three: opening the electromagnetic valve III 310, starting the liquid injection pump 305, and enabling the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I302 to flow into the culture device 20 through the injection head device 307 and the switch valve 306 by the liquid injection pump 305 in sequence;
step four: the push cylinder 403 is turned on again to move the injection head device 307 away from the culture device 20, so that the on-off valve 306 is closed;
step five: the motor 404 is started again, the square box 402 is positioned at the next row of the transverse culture devices 20 after the lead screw 405 rotates, and the process is repeated until the culture devices 20 on the fixed support 10 are completely filled;
step six: the push oil cylinder 403 is started to push the injection head device 307 against the switch valve 306 so as to conduct the switch valve 306, and after the electromagnetic valve I308 is opened, the liquid in the culture device 20 flows into the liquid return tank 301 after sequentially passing through the switch valve 306, the injection head device 307 and the electromagnetic valve I308;
step seven: starting a nutrient solution detector on the liquid return tank 301; when the liquid nutrient content is in the preset range, carrying out the operation of the step eight; when the liquid nutrient content is not in the preset range, carrying out the ninth operation;
step eight: after an oxygenation pump on the liquid return tank 301 is started to aerate liquid for a preset time, the electromagnetic valve I308 is closed, the electromagnetic valve II 309 is opened, the liquid injection pump 305 is started, and the liquid in the liquid return tank 301 flows into the culture device 20 through the injection head device 307 and the switch valve 306 in sequence by the liquid injection pump 305;
step nine: opening a solenoid valve V312 to flow the liquid in the return liquid tank 301 into the waste liquid tank 304; after the electromagnetic valve I308 is closed, the electromagnetic valve III 310 is opened, the liquid injection pump 305 is started, and the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I302 flows into the culture device 20 through the injection head device 307 and the switch valve 306 in sequence by the liquid injection pump 305;
step ten: the push cylinder 403 is turned on again to move the injection head device 307 away from the culture device 20, so that the on-off valve 306 is closed;
step eleven: after the motor 404 is started, the injection head device 307 is positioned at the next row of transverse culture devices 20, and the process is repeated until all the culture devices 20 on the fixed support 10 are oxygenated and the liquid is replaced;
step twelve: the moving device 50 drives the positioning device 40 to move horizontally, so that the liquid injection and return operations are performed on the culture device 20 of the next fixing support 10;
step thirteen: each fixed support 10 is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device 40 is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device 30 delivers corresponding liquid; specifically, after the receiver receives the signal A, the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I302 is judged to be needed, the electromagnetic valve III 310 is opened, and the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I302 is conveyed into the culture device 20; when the receiver receives the signal B, the liquid in the liquid preparation tank II 303 is judged to be needed, the electromagnetic valve IV 311 is opened, and the liquid in the liquid preparation tank II 303 is conveyed to the culture device 20.
In conclusion, the invention has high automation degree, and can complete all tasks without being attended by replacing the nutrient solution and intermittently pumping and inputting the nutrient solution; the components of the nutrient solution are automatically detected, automatic solution preparation and automatic waste liquid recovery are realized, the nutrient solution is reused, and the planting cost is reduced; the leakage of nutrient solution is effectively avoided, the pollution of air and water quality is avoided, the zero discharge of the nutrient solution is realized, the operations of injecting liquid, returning liquid and the like to the culture devices in each row of the fixed support are accurately realized through the positioning device, and the operations of injecting liquid, returning liquid and the like to the culture devices on one row and two rows of fixed supports are realized through the moving device; the liquid injection operation of providing different nutrient solutions for different crops is realized by arranging the plurality of liquid preparation tanks, and the operations of liquid injection, liquid return and the like of all the crops can be finished by adopting one liquid injection pump, so that the frequent starting and stopping of the water pump are avoided, and the pipeline arrangement and the control program are simplified; the height difference self-flowing liquid returning is adopted in the liquid returning process, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved; the designed switch valve is simple in structure and strong in functionality, and the water inlet and the water discharge flow of the switch valve are controlled by adjusting the injection head, so that the practicability of the switch valve is further improved; the liquid is drained and injected regularly, and oxygen is added to the nutrient solution, so that root rot and oxygen deficiency of crops caused by the fact that the crops are soaked in water or the nutrient solution all the time are avoided, and the healthy growth of the crops is guaranteed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a scale crops soilless culture system which characterized in that: comprises a fixed bracket, a culture device, a liquid injection and return device and a positioning device;
a plurality of culture devices are uniformly placed on the fixed bracket from top to bottom and from left to right;
the installation of notes head device among notes liquid, liquid device realizes through positioner's lateral shifting part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to a row of horizontal culture apparatus on the fixed bolster on positioner, realizes through positioner's vertical moving part that notes head device annotates liquid and returns the liquid operation to vertical culture apparatus on the fixed bolster.
2. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 1 wherein: the culture device consists of a liquid containing chamber and a plurality of insert cavities positioned in the liquid containing chamber;
the plurality of insert cavities are inserted from the top surface of the liquid containing chamber and extend to the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber;
the insert cavity is not contacted with the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber, so that the liquid in the liquid containing chamber flows in or out from the gap between the insert cavity and the liquid containing chamber; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
after the insert cavity is contacted with the bottom surface of the liquid containing chamber, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the side wall of the insert cavity positioned in the liquid containing chamber, and liquid flows in or out through the plurality of through holes.
3. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 2 wherein: the top of each insert cavity penetrates out of the top surface of the liquid containing chamber to be preset in height, a plurality of detachable sleeves are upwards connected to the positions of the penetrating insert cavities, and the heights of the sleeves are adjusted through the height of crop growth, so that crop fixation is achieved.
4. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 1 wherein: the liquid injection and return device comprises a liquid return tank, a liquid preparation tank I, a liquid preparation tank II, a waste liquid tank, an injection pump, a switch valve and an injection head device;
the switch valve is arranged in the culture device and close to the bottom, and the switch valve penetrates out of the culture device;
the top of the liquid return tank is communicated with the injection head device through an electromagnetic valve I, the bottom of the liquid return tank is communicated with a liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve II, and the liquid injection pump is communicated with the injection head device; the bottom of the liquid distribution tank I is communicated with a liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve III; the liquid preparation tank II is communicated with the liquid injection pump through an electromagnetic valve IV;
when the injection head device abuts against the switch valve, the switch valve is conducted, and after the electromagnetic valve I is opened, liquid in the culture device flows into the liquid return tank after sequentially passing through the switch valve, the injection head device and the electromagnetic valve I;
closing the electromagnetic valve I, opening the electromagnetic valve II and then starting the liquid injection pump, wherein the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence; or after the electromagnetic valve I is closed, opening the electromagnetic valve III or the electromagnetic valve IV, starting the liquid injection pump, and enabling the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I or the liquid preparation tank II to flow into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence;
the top of the waste liquid tank is communicated with the bottom of the liquid return tank through an electromagnetic valve V, and after the electromagnetic valve V is opened, the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the waste liquid tank.
5. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 4 wherein: the switch valve comprises a T-shaped valve core I and a cylindrical valve body I;
the horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core I is a hollow rod, and the horizontal rod is inserted into the cylindrical valve body I and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body I by a preset length; a vertical stop block of the T-shaped valve core I is left outside the cylindrical valve body I, a spring I penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body I, one end of the spring I abuts against the cylindrical valve body I, the other end of the spring I abuts against an abutting ring I on the horizontal rod, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the horizontal rod at the vertical stop block;
under the elastic force of the spring I, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side face of the cylindrical valve body I, so that liquid in the culture device cannot flow out;
the injection head device comprises a hollow support plate and a plurality of hollow injection heads; the support plate is arranged on the positioning device, and the plurality of injection heads are horizontally arranged on the support plate at intervals, so that each injection head corresponds to a switch valve on the culture device; the front end of the injection head is provided with an inner check ring;
the inner retainer ring pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device is tightly abutted against the switch valve, and at the moment, the plurality of through holes on the horizontal rod are positioned outside the horizontal rod, so that the outflow and inflow of liquid are realized;
the inner retainer ring is in threaded connection with the injection head, and the flow of the switch valve is adjusted by screwing the inner retainer ring in and out.
6. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 4 wherein: the switch valve comprises a T-shaped valve core II and a cylindrical valve body II;
a plurality of slideways are arranged in the cylindrical valve body II, and each slideway consists of a middle ring and a plurality of connecting rods which are radially distributed;
the horizontal rod of the T-shaped valve core II is inserted into the plurality of circular rings and penetrates out of the cylindrical valve body II by a preset length; a vertical stop block of the T-shaped valve core II is left outside the cylindrical valve body II, a spring II penetrates through a horizontal rod in the cylindrical valve body II, one end of the spring II abuts against the slideway, and the other end of the spring II abuts against an abutting ring II on the horizontal rod;
under the elastic force of the spring II, the vertical stop block is tightly attached to the side face of the cylindrical valve body II, so that liquid in the culture device cannot flow out;
the injection head device comprises a hollow support plate and a plurality of hollow injection heads; the support plate is arranged on the positioning device, and the plurality of injection heads are horizontally arranged on the support plate at intervals, so that each injection head corresponds to a switch valve on the culture device; the front end of the injection head is provided with a supporting head which consists of a middle cylinder and a plurality of connecting rods distributed in a radial shape;
the cylinder pushes the horizontal rod to move until the injection head device is tightly abutted against the switch valve, and the liquid flows out and in through gaps among the connecting rods which are distributed in a radial shape;
the abutting head is in threaded connection with the injection head, and the flow of the switch valve is adjusted by screwing in and screwing out the abutting head.
7. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 1 wherein: the positioning device comprises a square frame, a transverse moving part, a longitudinal moving part and a driving part;
the square frame is arranged on the ground, the longitudinal moving part is a square box body, two sides of the square box body are connected to two side columns of the square frame in a sliding mode, and the square box body can move up and down through the driving part;
the transverse moving component is a plurality of pushing oil cylinders which are arranged at one end of the square box body,
the plurality of pushing oil cylinders are connected with the injection head devices in the liquid injection and return devices to realize the transverse movement of the injection head devices;
the driving component comprises a motor and a lead screw; the lead screw one end is rotated through the bearing and is connected on square frame bottom plate, and the lead screw other end is connected in motor shaft, square box and lead screw threaded connection realize through the lead screw rotation that square box reciprocates.
8. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 7 wherein: the other end of the square box body is provided with a plurality of pushing oil cylinders, and the pushing oil cylinders are connected with a filling head device in a liquid filling and returning device to realize the transverse movement of the filling head device;
the two groups of culture devices can be simultaneously operated by the pushing oil cylinders arranged on the two sides, so that the working efficiency is improved.
9. A scale crop soilless culture system according to claim 1 wherein: the culture device comprises a plurality of fixed supports, a positioning device and a moving device, wherein the positioning device is arranged on the moving device and is driven by the moving device to horizontally move, so that the culture devices of the plurality of fixed supports are operated;
each fixed support is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device conveys corresponding liquid.
10. A nutrient solution injection and return method of a large-scale crop soilless culture system is characterized in that the injection and return method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the positioning of the injection head device at a row of transverse culture devices is realized through a positioning device;
step two: pushing the injection head device to the culture device through the positioning device, enabling one injection head on the injection head device to correspond to one switch valve on the culture device, and opening the switch valve through the injection head;
step three: opening the electromagnetic valve III, starting the liquid injection pump, and enabling the liquid in the liquid preparation tank I to flow into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve by the liquid injection pump in sequence;
step four: the injection head device is far away from the culture device through the positioning device, so that the switch valve is closed;
step five: positioning the injection head device at the next row of transverse culture devices through the positioning device, and repeating the process until the culture devices on the fixed support are completely filled;
step six: the filling head device is abutted against the switch valve through the positioning device so as to conduct the switch valve, and after the electromagnetic valve I is opened, liquid in the culture device flows into the liquid return tank after sequentially passing through the switch valve, the filling head device and the electromagnetic valve I;
step seven: opening a nutrient solution detector on the liquid return tank; when the liquid nutrient content is in the preset range, carrying out the operation of the step eight; when the liquid nutrient content is not in the preset range, carrying out the ninth operation;
step eight: after an oxygenation pump on the liquid return tank is started to aerate liquid for a preset time, the electromagnetic valve I is closed, the electromagnetic valve II is opened, and then the liquid injection pump is started, so that the liquid in the liquid return tank flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve in sequence by the liquid injection pump;
step nine: opening the electromagnetic valve V to enable liquid in the liquid return tank to flow into a waste liquid tank; after the electromagnetic valve I is closed, the electromagnetic valve III is opened, the liquid injection pump is started, and liquid in the liquid preparation tank I flows into the culture device through the injection head device and the switch valve in sequence by the liquid injection pump;
step ten: the injection head device is far away from the culture device through the positioning device, so that the switch valve is closed;
step eleven: positioning the injection head device at the next row of transverse culture devices through the positioning device, and repeating the process until all the liquid is oxygenated and the liquid is replaced for the culture devices on the fixed support;
step twelve: the positioning device is driven to horizontally move by the moving device, so that the liquid injection and return operations of the culture device of the next fixed support are realized;
step thirteen: each fixed support is provided with a transmitter, the positioning device is provided with a receiver, and the receiver receives a signal sent by the transmitter to judge that the liquid injection and return device conveys corresponding liquid.
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| CN117178875A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-08 | 浙江普旷农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution supply system, planting system and cultivation method |
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