CN111286020B - 具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于聚醚多元醇的制备技术领域,具体的涉及一种具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法。采用含咔唑结构的化合物为起始剂,以碱金属或DMC为催化剂,在‑0.1‑0.4MPa压力,80‑180℃温度下,与环氧烷烃进行聚合反应,制得聚醚多元醇粗聚物;将聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过精制处理后,即得具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇;其中,所述的含咔唑结构的化合物为咔唑、单羟基咔唑或双羟基咔唑中的一种或一种以上按照任意比例组成的混合物。本发明通过对聚醚多元醇的分子结构中引入咔唑结构同时调控环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷在分子中的含量与分布方式,能够使聚氨酯制品在紫外灯下呈现荧光特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚醚多元醇的制备技术领域,具体的涉及一种具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法。
背景技术
咔唑及其衍生物广泛应用于颜料、光电导体、感光材料、特种油墨等领域。该分子结构在紫外灯光线下显示强荧光和长时间磷光。在聚醚多元醇中嵌段咔唑结构可使制备出的聚氨酯材料不仅自带荧光特性,而且还具有极强耐高温、耐紫外老化等特点。该聚醚可用于耐高温材料、耐紫外老化材料、感光材料、光电材料以及特种油墨等领域的制备。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法。通过在聚醚结构中嵌段咔唑结构,使其制备出的聚氨酯材料不仅具有荧光特性,而且还具有极强耐高温、耐紫外老化的特点。
本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)采用含咔唑结构的化合物为起始剂,以碱金属或DMC为催化剂,在-0.1-0.4MPa压力,80-180℃温度下,与环氧烷烃进行聚合反应,制得聚醚多元醇粗聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过精制处理后,即得到具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇;
其中,所述的含咔唑结构的化合物为咔唑、单羟基咔唑或双羟基咔唑中的一种或一种以上按照任意比例组成的混合物。
单羟基咔唑是指一个羟基取代苯环上的任意一个氢原子形成的咔唑衍生物(见结构式1),如羟基取代2号位形成的2-羟基咔唑(见结构式2),取代4号位形成的4-羟基咔唑(见结构式3)。
双羟基咔唑是指两个羟基取代苯环上的任意两个氢原子,两个氢原子可在同一个苯环或者不同苯环,形成的咔唑衍生物(见结构式4(a)和(b),其中(a)为两个羟基取代一个苯环上任意两个氢原子;(b)两个羟基取代两个苯环上的氢原子),例如两个羟基取代同一个苯环上氢原子的2,3-二羟基咔唑,如结构式(5)所示,两个羟基取代两个苯环上氢原子的2,5-二羟基咔唑,如结构式(6)所示。
双羟基咔唑是2,3-二羟基咔唑、2,5-二羟基咔唑、2,8-二羟基咔唑、2,6-二羟基咔唑或2,4-二羟基咔唑中的一种。
具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的数均分子量为400-8000mol/g,官能度1-3,羟值15-420mgKOH/g。
所述的环氧烷烃为环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种或两种按照任意比例组成的混合物。
步骤(1)中所述的起始剂与环氧烷烃的质量比为0.02-0.41:1。
步骤(1)中所述的碱金属催化剂是氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铯、甲醇钾或甲醇钠中的一种。
步骤(1)中所述的起始剂与环氧烷烃的聚合方式为以下几种方式中的一种:
方式(1)为起始剂+环氧丙烷+环氧乙烷;方式(2)为起始剂+环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物+环氧乙烷;方式(3)为起始剂+环氧乙烷+环氧丙烷+环氧乙烷;方式(4)为起始剂+环氧丙烷+环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物;方式(5)为起始剂+环氧乙烷+环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物;方式(6)为起始剂+环氧丙烷;方式(7)为起始剂+环氧乙烷;方式(8)为起始剂与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合。
解释说明如下:
方式(1)为起始剂先与环氧丙烷聚合再与环氧乙烷聚合。
方式(2)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合再与环氧乙烷聚合。
方式(3)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷聚合再与环氧丙烷聚合,最后再与环氧乙烷聚合。
方式(4)为起始剂先与环氧丙烷聚合再与环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物聚合。
方式(5)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷聚合再与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合。
方式(6)为起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合。
方式(7)为起始剂与环氧乙烷聚合。
方式(8)为起始剂与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合。
上述聚合方式中,当采用环氧乙烷时,所述的环氧乙烷其质量分数为最终产品质量的0-100%。
步骤(2)中所述的聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤进行精制处理,制备得到具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。
咔唑是具有等电子结构的二苯胺分子,拥有较为完美的刚性共轭平面,离域性好,稳定性高,具有较好的给电子能力和良好的空穴导电性。含氮杂环和芳香环的共轭结构会对高聚物高温解聚的链式反应过程有抑制作用。当紫外线照射时,咔唑结构分子会吸收紫外光,导致咔唑分子的Π电子跃迁,当跃迁电子退回基态时,含咔唑结构的物质会发出蓝色荧光。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,通过对聚醚多元醇的分子结构中引入咔唑结构,调控环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷在分子中的含量与分布方式,使用该聚醚制备出的聚氨酯材料不仅自带荧光特性,而且还具有极强耐高温、耐紫外老化等特点。
(2)采用本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法制备的聚醚多元醇,可用于耐高温材料、耐紫外老化材料、感光材料、光电材料以及特种油墨等领域的制备。
附图说明
图1是采用实施例3制备的聚醚多元醇与IPDI反应制备出的预聚体荧光光谱曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入209.01g咔唑和2.5g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为110±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入2291g环氧丙烷,然后内压反应30分钟,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷。降温出料即可制得本实施例1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇粗聚物。随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到实施例1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇,该产品的数均分子量为2000g/mol,官能度1,羟值22.44mgKOH/g。
实施例2
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入209g咔唑和2.5g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为110±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入791g环氧丙烷,并进行内压反应,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷。随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理制备低聚物。
向5L不锈钢反应釜中加入1000g上述低聚物,加入适量硫酸和0.075g DMC催化剂,120℃减压脱水2h,140℃条件下连续加入1500g环氧丙烷,并进行内压反应,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。该产品的数均分子量为2000g/mol,官能度1,羟值28.05mgKOH/g。
实施例3
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入152.67g 4-羟基咔唑和5g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为120±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入2097.34g环氧丙烷,并进行内压反应,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷。然后再加入250g环氧乙烷,在130℃下进行封端聚合,并进行内压反应随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。该产品的数均分子量为3000g/mol,官能度2,羟值37.40mgKOH/g。
实施例4
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入2,8-二羟基咔唑100g和5g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为110±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入2040g环氧丙烷和360g环氧乙烷的混合物,随后内压反应30分钟,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷与环氧丙烷。随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。该产品的数均分子量为5000g/mol,官能度3,羟值33.79mgKOH/g。
实施例5
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入2,4-二羟基咔唑625g,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为115±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入1875g环氧乙烷的混合物,随后内压反应30分钟,脱除未反应的环氧乙烷,进行内压反应即可制得本发明所述的具有荧光特性聚醚多元醇的粗聚物。随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。该产品的数均分子量为600g/mol,官能度3,羟值211.22mgKOH/g。
实施例6
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入2-羟基咔唑373.12g、2,6-二羟基咔唑93.28g和5g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为115±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入2033.60g环氧丙烷,随后内压反应30分钟,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷即可制得本发明所述的具有荧光特性聚醚多元醇的粗聚物。随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到本发明所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。该产品的数均分子量为1000g/mol,官能度2.2,羟值122.93mgKOH/g。
荧光性能测试
取上述实施例3中的聚醚多元醇与IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)在90℃下反应2h,制备出预聚体。使用荧光光谱仪对制备出的预聚体进行测试。从测试结果(见附图1)可以看出,使用含咔唑结构的聚氨酯预聚体在荧光光谱中出现明显的光谱峰,可判断该样品具有荧光性。
对比例1
在5L不锈钢反应釜中加入1,2-丙二醇76.09g和6g固体氢氧化钾催化剂,氮气置换,测反应釜内含氧量低于80ppm。反应釜升温至105℃,进行氮气鼓泡减压脱水。保持釜内温度为120±2℃,压力为0.2±0.2MPa,连续加入2623.91g环氧丙烷,并进行内压反应,脱除未反应的环氧丙烷。然后再加入300g环氧乙烷,在130℃下进行封端聚合,并进行内压反应随后将上述聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤精制处理,即可得到聚醚多元醇,该产品的数均分子量为3000g/mol。
以实施例3和对比例1为例进行聚氨酯预聚体性能验证,验证方法如下:分别取250g实施例3和对比例1中制备的聚醚多元醇加入到500ml三口烧瓶中,加热到110℃脱水3小时,降温到60℃向两烧瓶中分别加入69.21g IPDI,加热到90℃反应3小时,制备成所需要的预聚体。取预聚体120g加入5.3g甘油和0.06g二月桂酸二丁基锡搅拌20秒钟迅速倒入预热好的模具中,预硫化45分钟,置于烘箱中加热熟化12小时。室温下放置7天后测试聚氨酯弹性体力学性能(该测试结果为正常胶条(未经处理)的力学性能。)
将正常胶条分别进行高温处理和紫外老化处理:
(1)高温处理:将制备的弹性体置于鼓风干燥箱中120℃热处理7天,测试弹性体的力学性能。
(2)紫外老化处理:紫外老化性能按GB/T 16422.2-1999进行测试。
从表1和表2可以看出,测试样(实施例3聚氨酯弹性体)制备的弹性体经过热处理和紫外老化处理后拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的降低量明显小于对比样(对比例1聚氨酯弹性体),这说明,与对比样品制备的弹性体相比,使用测试样品的弹性体更耐高温和紫外老化。
表1热处理前后弹性体力学性能
其中:Δ拉伸强度表示处理前后拉伸强度的差值,即处理后样品拉伸强度减去未处理样品拉伸强度,Δ断裂伸长率表示处理前后样品断裂伸长率的差值,即处理后样品断裂伸长率减去未处理样品断裂伸长率。
表2紫外老化处理前后弹性体力学性能
Claims (5)
1.一种具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
(1)采用含咔唑结构的化合物为起始剂,以碱金属催化剂为催化剂,在-0.1-0.4MPa压力,80-180℃温度下,与环氧烷烃进行聚合反应,制得聚醚多元醇粗聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过精制处理后,即得具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇;
其中,所述的含咔唑结构的化合物为单羟基咔唑或双羟基咔唑中的一种或一种以上按照任意比例组成的混合物;
具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的数均分子量为400-8000mol/g,官能度1-3,羟值15-420mgKOH/g;
步骤(1)中所述的起始剂与环氧烷烃的质量比为0.02-0.41:1;
单羟基咔唑选自如下结构:
双羟基咔唑选自如下结构:
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的环氧烷烃为环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种或两种按照任意比例组成的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的碱金属催化剂是氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铯、甲醇钾或甲醇钠中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的起始剂与环氧烷烃的聚合方式为以下几种方式中的一种:
方式(1)为起始剂先与环氧丙烷聚合再与环氧乙烷聚合;
方式(2)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合再与环氧乙烷聚合;
方式(3)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷聚合再与环氧丙烷聚合,最后再与环氧乙烷聚合;
方式(4)为起始剂先与环氧丙烷聚合再与环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物聚合;
方式(5)为起始剂先与环氧乙烷聚合再与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合;
方式(6)为起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合;
方式(7)为起始剂与环氧乙烷聚合;
方式(8)为起始剂与环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷混合物聚合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的聚醚多元醇粗聚物经过中和、吸附、结晶、过滤进行精制处理,制备得到具有荧光特性的聚醚多元醇。
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US4814462A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-03-21 | Nihon Joryu Kogyo Co., Ltd | Polyoxyalkylene carbozole adduct |
JPH04180923A (ja) * | 1990-11-15 | 1992-06-29 | Daiso Co Ltd | ポリエーテルポリマー高重合体の製造法 |
CN110305308A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-10-08 | 万华化学(宁波)容威聚氨酯有限公司 | 一种聚醚多元醇及其制备方法,一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫 |
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US4814462A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-03-21 | Nihon Joryu Kogyo Co., Ltd | Polyoxyalkylene carbozole adduct |
JPH04180923A (ja) * | 1990-11-15 | 1992-06-29 | Daiso Co Ltd | ポリエーテルポリマー高重合体の製造法 |
CN110305308A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-10-08 | 万华化学(宁波)容威聚氨酯有限公司 | 一种聚醚多元醇及其制备方法,一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫 |
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