CN111285714A - Organic fertilizer fermenting agent suitable for low-temperature environment - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer fermenting agent suitable for low-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer fermenting agent suitable for a low-temperature environment, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer fermentation. The organic fertilizer starter applicable to the low-temperature environment comprises the following components: bacillus psychrophilus 2-10 multiplied by 108CFU/g, 2-10 x 10 of Phaffia rhodozyma8CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans 0.5-5 × 109CFU/g, Aspergillus niger 0.5-5 × 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran. The leaven of the invention can be heated rapidly in low temperature environment, especially at the temperature less than or equal to 10 ℃, and high-efficiency decomposed strains of bacillus coagulans and aspergillus niger are added, thus improving the decomposing effect and stabilizing the product quality. The invention solves the problems of slow fermentation temperature rise, long period, incomplete decomposition, even no temperature rise and no decomposition under the low-temperature environment, particularly when the temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃, improves the fermentation success rate and stabilizes the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer fermentation, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer leavening agent suitable for a low-temperature environment.
Background
According to statistics, the total amount of national organic fertilizer resources (feces and urine, straws, green manure and cake fertilizers) is about 40 hundred million tons, and 5316 million tons of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients can be provided, wherein the straws account for 12.2 percent of the resource amount, 1335.7 million tons of nutrients can be provided, the feces and urine account for 78.7 percent of the resource amount, and 3463.2 million tons of nutrients can be provided. Although the organic fertilizer resources are rich in China, the utilization rate is low. According to statistics, 30% of crop straw resources are incinerated, about 10% of the crop straw resources are discarded, and the direct and indirect returning to the field only accounts for about 40%; 25 to 30 percent of excrement resources enter water, the industrial utilization mode is less than 1 percent, and the municipal solid waste, sludge and the like are basically not utilized and are treated by landfill, incineration and accumulation. The waste and the unreasonable utilization of resources lead to direct economic loss on one hand, and environmental pollution is caused by discarding, burning, landfill and accumulation on the other hand; if the organic fertilizer is reasonably utilized and processed, the economic benefit is generated, the utilization rate of resources is increased, the environmental pollution is reduced, the use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, and the quality of agricultural products is improved.
In the process of processing organic fertilizer raw materials into organic fertilizers, because the moisture content of the raw materials is too high, a large number of harmful bacteria, ascarid eggs and nematode pests, macromolecular refractory substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, odor components such as sulfides and drug residues such as antibiotic pesticides exist, and the organic fertilizer starter is required to be fermented and decomposed.
At present, most of organic fertilizer leaven uses bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and other strains with the lowest growth temperature more than or equal to 20 ℃, at the temperature lower than 20 ℃, the growth temperature of the strains in the leaven is reached mainly by the metabolism and heat production of microbes adapting to the low-temperature environment in the raw materials in the early stage of fermentation, and the strains in the leaven start to propagate and metabolize in a large quantity to complete the process of fermenting and decomposing the organic fertilizer. Due to the difference of the number of the types of microorganisms carried by different raw materials, the number and the types of the microorganisms adapted to the low-temperature environment carried by the raw materials are greatly different, for example, microbial strains adapted to the low-temperature environment are not added into a leavening agent in a targeted and scientific manner, and the problems of slow fermentation temperature rise, long period, incomplete decomposition, even no temperature rise and no decomposition are often caused under the low-temperature environment, particularly when the temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃, so that the produced organic fertilizer is insufficient in decomposition degree, and a large amount of harmful bacteria, weed seeds, roundworm eggs and nematodes are existed, and the odor components can not be effectively removed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the main problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background technology, and provides an organic fertilizer leavening agent which can stably and rapidly increase the temperature rise speed and thoroughly decompose materials in a low-temperature environment, particularly at the temperature of less than or equal to 10 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an organic fertilizer starter applicable to a low-temperature environment comprises the following components:
on the basis of the scheme, the organic fertilizer starter applicable to the low-temperature environment consists of the following components:
bacillus psychrophilus 4X 108CFU/g, Phaffia rhodozyma 7X 108CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans 1X 109CFU/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
The organic fertilizer starter is applied to fermenting an organic fertilizer in a low-temperature environment.
A method for fermenting organic fertilizer at low temperature comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content of the material to 50-60%, adding the leavening agent, and uniformly mixing;
(2) stacking or filling the materials mixed with the leavening agent in the step (1) into a fermentation tank for covering fermentation;
(3) monitoring the temperature of the material at the depth of 20-40 cm every 6 hours, immediately turning and throwing once when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, and re-stacking for fermentation, wherein the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the material is not increased for 24 hours after continuous detection.
On the basis of the scheme, the addition amount of the leavening agent in the step 1) is 1 kg/ton of material.
On the basis of the scheme, the material is an organic material; preferably, the organic material is one or more of livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, straw and animal and plant debris.
The strain can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center, China agricultural microbiological culture Collection center, China Industrial microbiological culture Collection center, China Marine microbiological culture Collection center, or obtained through other commercial approaches.
The technical principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the psychrophilic bacteria psychrophilic bacillus and the facultative psychrophilic bacteria phaffia rhodozyma which have beneficial biological effects are added in the low-temperature environment, the temperature can be rapidly raised in the low-temperature environment, particularly at the temperature of less than or equal to 10 ℃, and the high-efficiency decomposed bacteria bacillus coagulans and aspergillus niger are added, so that the decomposing effect is improved, and the product quality is stabilized. The invention solves the problems of slow fermentation temperature rise, long period, incomplete decomposition, even no temperature rise and no decomposition under the low-temperature environment, particularly when the temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃, improves the fermentation success rate and stabilizes the product quality.
The psychrophilic bacillus is obligate psychrophile and can be rapidly propagated and metabolized at 4-25 ℃, and the phaffia rhodozyma is facultative psychrophile and can be rapidly propagated and metabolized at 4-28 ℃. Under the low-temperature environment, the psychrophilic bacillus and the phaffia rhodozyma are rapidly propagated and metabolized, a large amount of heat is released, the internal temperature of the organic fertilizer is rapidly increased, and a temperature condition is provided for the growth of the bacillus coagulans and the aspergillus niger. When the internal temperature of the organic fertilizer is increased to 28 ℃, the bacillus coagulans and the aspergillus niger quickly grow and metabolize, a large amount of heat is released, the internal temperature of the organic fertilizer can be quickly increased to 70 ℃, materials are effectively decomposed, and harmful bacteria, roundworm eggs, nematodes and the like are killed.
The psychrophilic bacillus can be rapidly propagated and metabolized at 4-25 ℃, and the temperature rise speed of organic materials in a low-temperature environment can be remarkably increased. A large amount of amylase, protease, lipase and the like are secreted in the growth process, so that the decomposition of organic materials is effectively promoted, and antibiotics and residual medicines can be decomposed. Through the space occupying effect and the bacteriocin production, the proliferation of harmful bacteria is effectively inhibited, and the occurrence of plant bacterial diseases is effectively resisted.
The phaffia rhodozyma can be rapidly propagated and metabolized at 4-28 ℃, and the temperature rise speed of organic materials in a low-temperature environment can be remarkably increased. Can effectively absorb odor substances such as hydrogen sulfide and the like, metabolizes and secretes a large amount of nutrient substances such as organic acid, amino acid, small peptide and the like, can obviously promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, can promote the growth and metabolism of other strains in the fermentation of organic fertilizers, and can improve the micro-ecological environment of plant roots in soil. In the soil, the phaffia rhodozyma can promote root development, induce resistance gene expression and improve the quality of agricultural products.
The growth range of the bacillus coagulans is 30-65 ℃, odor components such as ammonia nitrogen, sulfides and the like can be metabolized and absorbed, antibiotic and pesticide residues can be degraded, meanwhile, a large amount of amylase, protease, lipase and the like can be generated to degrade starch, protein, fat and the like, and the bacillus coagulans is beneficial to rapid decomposition of materials. The bacillus coagulans has the effects of remarkably improving the utilization rate of fertilizer on plants, promoting the growth of the plants, increasing the stress resistance of the plants, preventing soil hardening, improving the content of amino acid in fruits and the like.
The growth range of the aspergillus niger is 28-70 ℃, a large amount of cellulase, ligninase, protease, amylase, lipase and the like can be generated, and macromolecular organic matters can be quickly decomposed to thoroughly decompose organic materials; a large amount of oxalic acid, citric acid and other organic acids and phytase are generated in the decomposition process, so that the dissolution of phosphorus and potassium is promoted, the absorption of plants is accelerated, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is increased. Has the functions of improving crop stress resistance, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, fixing nitrogen by organisms and the like on plants.
Based on the principle, the leaven can stably and quickly raise the temperature and shorten the fermentation period through the mutual promotion effect among strains under the low-temperature environment, particularly at the temperature of less than or equal to 10 ℃. When thoroughly decomposing the materials, the harmful bacteria, roundworm eggs and nematodes are effectively killed, macromolecular organic matters are decomposed, and the deodorization is thoroughly realized. The fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the fertilizer does not burn roots and seedlings. After fermentation, the number of effective viable bacteria in the organic fertilizer reaches 2-5 hundred million CFU/g, so that the fertilizer has the effects of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, promoting plant growth, improving crop stress resistance, reducing soil-borne diseases, preventing soil hardening, improving the nutritive value of agricultural products and the like.
The leavening agent adopts the compatibility of compound strains with different temperature growth ranges, the growth temperature range of psychrophilic bacillus is 4-25 ℃, the temperature growth range of phaffia rhodozyma is 4-28 ℃, the temperature growth range of bacillus coagulans is 30-65 ℃, and the temperature growth range of aspergillus niger is 28-70 ℃. The higher the content of the psychrophilic bacillus and the phaffia rhodozyma is, the faster the temperature rise speed in the early fermentation stage is, the higher the content of the bacillus coagulans and the aspergillus niger is, and the faster the fermentation and the maturity in the later fermentation stage are. When in use, the content and the proportion of the strains can be adjusted according to different environmental temperatures.
The leaven of the invention adopts the compatibility of composite strains with different enzyme production and metabolism characteristics, and can be widely applied to organic fertilizer materials consisting of different raw materials. Cellulose and lignin can be effectively degraded by aspergillus niger, hemicellulose can be degraded by aspergillus niger and bacillus coagulans, both the phaffia rhodozyma and the bacillus coagulans can deodorize, and starch, fat, polysaccharide and macromolecular protein can be decomposed by 4 bacteria. Because different strains are decomposed and utilized by different types of raw materials, the composition of the strains can be adjusted according to different materials when the leaven is used in different raw materials, so that the leaven disclosed by the patent is widely applicable to organic materials such as livestock and poultry excrement, kitchen waste, straws, animal and plant debris, various composite materials and the like. When in application, the content and the proportion of the strains can be adjusted according to different raw materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of temperature change during fermentation of a fermentation broth according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the fermentation period of the fermentation agent of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
An organic fertilizer starter suitable for low-temperature environment, wherein the content of psychrophilic bacillus in the starter is 3 x 108The content of CFU/g and Phaffia rhodozyma is 2 x 108CFU/g, content of Bacillus coagulans is 1 × 109The content of CFU/g and Aspergillus niger is 0.5 × 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
Example 2
An organic fertilizer starter suitable for low-temperature environment, wherein the content of psychrophilic bacillus in the starter is 5 multiplied by 108The content of CFU/g and Phaffia rhodozyma is 4 x 108CFU/g, content of Bacillus coagulans 2X 109The content of CFU/g and Aspergillus niger is 3 multiplied by 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
Example 3
An organic fertilizer starter suitable for low-temperature environment, wherein the content of psychrophilic bacillus in the starter is 8 multiplied by 108The content of CFU/g and Phaffia rhodozyma is 10 multiplied by 108CFU/g, content of Bacillus coagulans 5 × 109The content of CFU/g and Aspergillus niger is 4 multiplied by 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
Comparative example
In this example, Bacillus subtilis was used in place of Bacillus psychrophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used in place of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the test was performed according to the maximum addition amount of each strain. The content of Bacillus subtilis in the starter is 10 × 108The content of CFU/g and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 10 × 108CFU/g, content of Bacillus coagulans 5 × 109The content of CFU/g and Aspergillus niger is 5 multiplied by 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
Example 4
The method for fermenting the organic fertilizer by using the organic fertilizer starter disclosed by the embodiment 1-3 comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the requirement of organic fertilizer fermentation conditions, the water content of the material is adjusted to be 50% -60%, and the fermenting agent is added according to the proportion that 1 ton of the material is added into 1Kg of the fermenting agent, and the materials are uniformly mixed.
(2) And (3) stacking or filling the fermentation materials in the step (1) into a fermentation tank for fermentation. The width of the material pile is more than 1.5m, the depth or height is more than 1.2 m, and the material pile is covered by a plastic film and the like for fermentation.
(3) Monitoring the temperature of the material at the depth of 20-40 cm every 6 hours, immediately turning and throwing once when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, and re-stacking for fermentation, wherein the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the material is not increased for 24 hours after continuous detection.
The effect of fermenting the organic fertilizer at low temperature by using the leaven of the invention
The test method comprises the following steps:
fermenting straw and cassava residue at the daily temperature of 2-6 ℃, adding a fermenting agent into an organic fertilizer material with the water content of 60% according to the proportion of adding 1kg of the fermenting agent into each ton of the material, wherein the groups adopting the fermenting agents in examples 1-3 are respectively experiments 1-3, and the group adopting the fermenting agent in a comparative example is a control group. Mixing uniformly and piling into 2m × 1.5m × 5m (width × height × length) piles, immediately turning and throwing once when the temperature rises to 70 ℃, and continuously detecting the materials for 24h without temperature rise, namely finishing the fermentation.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
and (3) temperature detection: and detecting the temperature of the fermentation pile at a position of 30-40 cm.
And (3) quality detection: the quality detection is carried out according to the method of NY T798-2015 composite microbial fertilizer.
And (3) test results:
as shown in fig. 1, the temperature of the materials before the test is 4 ℃, the temperature of the materials after fermentation for 28h reaches 70 ℃ in both test 3 and test 2, but the temperature rise speed of test 3 is obviously higher than that of test 2; the temperature of test 1 reaches 70 ℃ after fermenting for 32 hours, and the temperature of the control group reaches 70 ℃ after fermenting for 56 hours. The temperature rise rate test 3 > test 2 > test 1 > control group (here, the tests 1 to 3 refer to the fermentation starter of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example, respectively). The statistical results of the fermentation cycles are shown in FIG. 2, the time for the control group fermentation is 16d, the fermentation is completed for 9d in test 1 and test 2, and the fermentation is completed for 18 d.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the sensory indexes of the materials in the control group are black, easy to agglomerate, have viscosity and emit slight odor, which indicates that the materials in the control group are not decomposed or have poor decomposition degree, and the materials in the tests 1, 2 and 3 are brown, loose in raw materials and have acid fragrance, which indicates that the raw materials have reached the decomposition degree.
The effective viable bacteria and the mixed bacteria rate data show that the effective viable bacteria number of the test 1, the test 2 and the test 3 are higher and the mixed bacteria rate is lower than that of the control group, which shows that the strains in the leaven can propagate in mass in materials at low temperature, and kill the mixed bacteria at high temperature through space occupation, nutrition competition, secretion of bactericidal substances, and poor growth in the materials at low temperature of the control group leaven strains, and the strains cannot propagate in mass. The increase of the effective viable count is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, promoting the growth of plants, improving the stress resistance of crops, reducing soil-borne diseases, preventing and treating soil hardening, improving the nutrition of agricultural products and the like.
The moisture test results show that the moisture content of the test 1, the test 2 and the test 3 is obviously lower than that of the control group, the rapid temperature rise and the rapid fermentation of the leavening agent can effectively evaporate and reduce the moisture in the material, and the control group is slow in temperature rise and slow in moisture loss, so that a large amount of moisture remains.
Total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) and N content measurement results show that the test 3 is more than the test 2 is more than the test 1 is more than a control group, P2O5And K2The difference of four groups of O content is small, which shows that the leaven of the invention has obvious effects of fixing nitrogen and preventing nutrient loss, and the strain can utilize ammonia nitrogen as a nitrogen source to carry out metabolic growth in the fermentation process, thereby preventing ammonia nitrogen from volatilizing and reducing the odor of materials.
The death rate of roundworm eggs in the test 1, the test 2 and the test 3 is 100 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the roundworm eggs in the control group, and the fecal escherichia coli residue in the test 1, the test 2 and the test 3 is less and is obviously lower than that of the control group.
Therefore, the leavening agent has excellent effect of fermenting the organic fertilizer in a low-temperature environment, and is specifically represented as follows: the fermentation has the advantages of fast temperature rise, short period, high decomposition degree of the raw materials, capability of fast deodorization, generation of acid fragrance of the raw materials, contribution to moisture loss, high-efficiency nitrogen fixation, guarantee of total nutrient content, capability of fast and effectively killing infectious microbes and worm eggs, and high effective viable count of the fermented finished products.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An organic fertilizer starter applicable to a low-temperature environment is characterized by comprising the following components:
the carrier is bran.
2. The organic fertilizer starter applicable to the low-temperature environment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by consisting of the following components:
bacillus psychrophilus 4X 108CFU/g, Phaffia rhodozyma 7X 108CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans 1X 109CFU/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 109CFU/g, and the carrier is bran.
3. The use of the organic fertilizer starter of claim 1 or 2 in fermenting organic fertilizers in low temperature environment.
4. A method for fermenting an organic fertilizer at low temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content of the material to be 50-60%, adding the leaven of claim 1 or 2, and uniformly mixing;
(2) stacking or filling the materials mixed with the leavening agent in the step (1) into a fermentation tank for covering fermentation;
(3) monitoring the temperature of the material at the depth of 20-40 cm every 6 hours, immediately turning and throwing once when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, and re-stacking for fermentation, wherein the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the material is not increased for 24 hours after continuous detection.
5. The method for fermenting organic fertilizer at low temperature according to claim 4, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent in the step 1) is 1 kg/ton of material.
6. The method for fermenting organic fertilizer at low temperature according to claim 4, wherein the material is organic material; preferably, the organic material is one or more of livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, straw and animal and plant debris.
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2020
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| CN1800357A (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2006-07-12 | 青岛地恩地生物科技有限公司 | Composite bacterium agent for organic material fermentation |
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Application publication date: 20200616 |