CN111269075B - 一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法 - Google Patents
一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111269075B CN111269075B CN202010267849.0A CN202010267849A CN111269075B CN 111269075 B CN111269075 B CN 111269075B CN 202010267849 A CN202010267849 A CN 202010267849A CN 111269075 B CN111269075 B CN 111269075B
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- substituted benzaldehyde
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
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Abstract
本发明公开一种2,3‑二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法,包括以下步骤:邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔,在镍和膦配体催化下,在碱的作用下,有机溶剂中加热反应得到2,3‑二氢茚酮类产物。本发明以邻位取代的苯甲醛和炔为原料,在金属镍和膦配体的催化下以及碱的作用下一步得到2,3‑二氢茚酮类产物,操作简便,区域选择性高,是一种廉价且具有很好应用前景的方法,可应用于天然产物、药物、材料的高效合成中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,特别涉及一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法。
背景技术
二氢茚酮骨架广泛存在与活性天然产物以及药物中间体中,它可以进一步转化为茚酮,该类骨架同样也是天然产物、材料和药物中间体的重要骨架,例如具有抗菌和抗癌作用的Pauciflorol F、钾离子通道抑制剂Acredinone A和抗肿瘤化合物neo-lignan等。
目前合成二氢茚酮的方法主要是通过钯、铑、钌等过渡贵金属的催化反应制备,例如钯、銠、钌催化的碳-氢活化、钯催化的分子内羟醛缩合、钯催化的羰基插入反应,以及自由基环化反应和分子内加成反应等。1989年,Heck首次报道了钯催化邻碘苯甲醛和二苯乙烯合成2,3-二苯基二氢茚酮。1993年,Larock报道了,钯催化2-溴苯甲醛和2-碘苯甲醛与双取代炔制备二氢的茚酮的方法。2007年,Chatani报道了铑催化2-溴苯硼酸和炔与CO的插羰反应制备二氢茚酮。2016年Cheng课题组报道了铑催化邻甲氧基羰基苯硼酸原位生成引导基与炔通过碳-氢活化制备二氢茚酮的方法。以上方法通常需要用到昂贵的过渡金属且存在区域选择性不高,原料不易制备等缺点,因此发展一种廉价金属催化高选择性合成二氢茚酮的方法具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,提供一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法,邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔在镍和邻配体催化下,在碱的作用下,有机溶剂中加热反应,一步可以高选择性的获得2,3-二氢茚酮类产物。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的高效合成方法,包括以下步骤:邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔,在镍和膦配体催化下,在碱的作用下,有机溶剂中加热反应得到2,3-二氢茚酮类产物:
上述反应完成后加入乙酸乙酯,过滤,再用乙酸乙酯洗涤2-3遍,减压下去除溶剂,经柱层析分离出2,3-二氢茚酮类产物。
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛的邻位取代基X为三氟甲磺酸酯、溴或碘。
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛的苯环上的取代基R为氟、氯、溴、烷基、甲氧基、胺基、酯基、氰基或硝基。
所述炔上的取代基R1和R2为苯基、烷基、噻吩基、吡咯基或呋喃基。
所用的镍为Ni(cod)2、Ni(PPh3)4、Ni(DME)Cl2、Ni(DME)Br2、Ni(acac)2、Ni(0Ac)2、NiBr2或NiCl2中的至少一种,镍的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的2-15mol%。
所用的膦配体为dppe、dppb、dppp、DPEPhos、DavePhos、RuPhos、JohnPhos、XPhos、SPhos、XantPhos、TriPhos、dppf或dppbz中的至少一种,膦配体的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的2-30mol%。
所用的碱为二异丙基胺、三乙胺、四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、哌啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶、1-甲基哌啶、4-甲基哌啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾或碳酸钠中的至少一种,碱的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的0.5-2eq。
所用的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、五氟苯、氟苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或1,4-二氧六环中的至少一种。
反应温度为60℃-150℃,所述反应时间为12-36h。
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔的摩尔比1∶1.0-2.5,浓度为0.05-0.2mol/L。
与现有技术相比,本发明所具有的有益效果是:本发明以邻位取代的苯甲醛和炔为原料,在金属镍和膦配体的催化下以及碱的作用下一步得到2,3-二氢茚酮类产物,操作简便,区域选择性高,是一种廉价且具有很好应用前景的方法,可应用于天然产物、药物、材料的高效合成中。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1制得的样品的核磁碳谱图;
图3为本发明实施例2制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图4为本发明实施例2制得的样品的核磁碳谱图;
图5为本发明实施例3制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图6为本发明实施例3制得的样品的核磁碳谱图;
图7为本发明实施例4制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图8为本发明实施例4制得的样品的核磁碳谱图;
图9为本发明实施例5制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图10为本发明实施例5制得的样品的核磁碳谱图;
图11为本发明实施例6制得的样品的核磁氢谱图;
图12为本发明实施例6制得的样品的核磁碳谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作详细说明。
实施例1
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入76.3mg 2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,1,2-二苯乙炔106.8mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于120℃下反应24h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物2,3-二苯基-1-二氢茚酮(75mg,产率为89%)。
如图1-2所示,氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.45-7.34(m,6H),7.31-7.23(m,6H),7.15(d,J=7.3Hz,1H);
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)196.5,155.3,145.2,133.4,132.7,132.4,130.7,130.7,130.0,129.3,128.9,128.8,128.5,128.1,127.7,123.0,121.2。
实施例2
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入81.6mg 4-氟-2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,1,2-二苯乙炔106.8mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于110℃下反应24h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物6-氟-2,3-二苯基-1-二氢茚酮(87mg,产率为97%)。
如图3-4所示,氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(m,3H),7.36(m,2H),7.28(dd,J=7.0,2.4Hz,1H),7.24(m,4H),7.09(dd,J=8.0,4.5Hz,1H),7.01(td,J=8.5,2.4Hz,1H);
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.9,163.7(d,J=250.4Hz),155.4,140.6(d,J=3.4Hz),133.2(d,J=7.3Hz),132.7(d,J=5.4Hz),132.5,130.5,129.9,129.6,128.9,128.4,128.2,127.9,122.4(d,J=8.0Hz),118.6(d,J=23.0Hz),111.6(d,J=24.8Hz)。
实施例3
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入85.2mg 5-甲氧基-2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,1,2-二苯乙炔106.8mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于90℃下反应30h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物5-甲氧基-2,3-二苯基-1-二氢茚酮(66mg,产率为71%)。
如图5-6所示,氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.43(dt,J=6.0,2.6Hz,3H),7.39(dd,J=6.8,3.0Hz,2H),7.28(mz,5H),6.73(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.70(dd,J=7.9,2.2Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H);
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ195.0,164.4,153.1,147.9,133.8,132.7,130.8,130.0,129.1,128.8,128.5,128.0,127.7,124.9,123.4,110.4,110.3,55.7。
实施例4
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入76.3mg 2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,苯基乙炔基三甲基硅烷104.4mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于60℃下反应32h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物3-三甲基硅基-2-苯基-1-二氢茚酮(56mg,产率为67%)。
如图7-8所示,氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.50-7.43(m,4H),7.37-7.27(m,4H);
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ197.7,156.8,148.6,147.9,134.0,133.3,130.0,129.7,128.2,129.0,128.0,123.1,123.1,0.0。
实施例5
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入76.3mg 2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,4-辛炔78.1mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于150℃下反应12h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物2,3-二丙基-1-二氢茚酮(35mg,产率为54%)。
如图9-10所示,氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.39(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.36-7.31(m,1H),7.21-7.14(m,1H),7.05(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.54(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.26(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.67(q,J=7.7,7.1Hz,2H),1.52(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.06(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.96(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ198.6,157.7,145.7,134.8,133.1,131.1,127.9,121.7,119.0,28.3,24.9,22.5,21.2,14.4,14.2。
实施例6
氮气氛围下,向反应瓶中加入76.3mg 2-甲酰基苯基三氟甲磺酸酯,1-苯基-1-丙炔69.7mg,8.2mg Ni(cod)2,12.0mg 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶42.3mg,氟苯3ml。混合体系于100℃下反应36h。反应结束后,待反应体系冷却至室温,往体系中加入5ml乙酸乙酯,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次。减压去除溶剂,经行柱层析分离,得到目标产物3-甲基-2-苯基-1-二氢茚酮(38mg,产率为62%)和3-苯基-2-甲基-1-二氢茚酮(6mg,产率为6%),两者比例为5.8∶1。
如图11-12所示,主要产物3-甲基-2-苯基-1-二氢茚酮的氢谱、碳谱数据分别如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.47-7.38(m,5H),7.36-7.32(m,1H),7.28-7.24(m,1H),7.16(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.32(s,3H);
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ196.4,154.6,145.9,133.6,133.4,131.2,130.4,129.5,128.9,128.3,127.7,122.1,119.4,12.6。
以上通过实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的示例性实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。凡利用本发明所述的技术方案,或本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案的启发下,在本发明的实质和保护范围内,设计出类似的技术方案而达到上述技术效果的,或者对申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种2,3-二氢茚酮类的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔,在镍和膦配体催化下,在碱的作用下,有机溶剂中加热反应得到2,3-二氢茚酮类产物;
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛的分子式为:
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛的邻位取代基X为三氟甲磺酸酯;
所述邻位取代的苯甲醛的苯环上的取代基R为氟;
所述炔为1,2-二苯乙炔;
所用的镍为Ni(cod)2;镍的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的2-15mol%;
所用的膦配体为dppe;膦配体的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的2-30mol%;
所用的碱为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶;碱的量为邻位取代的苯甲醛的0.5-2eq;
反应温度为110oC-150oC,反应时间为24-36h。
2.如权利要求1所述的2,3-二氢茚酮类的合成方法,其特征在于:所用的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、五氟苯、氟苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或1,4-二氧六环中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的2,3-二氢茚酮类的合成方法,其特征在于:所述邻位取代的苯甲醛与炔的摩尔比1:1.0-2.5,邻位取代的苯甲醛的浓度为0.05-0.2 mol/L。
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