CN116986961A - 手性取代丁二酸的合成方法 - Google Patents
手性取代丁二酸的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116986961A CN116986961A CN202210449395.8A CN202210449395A CN116986961A CN 116986961 A CN116986961 A CN 116986961A CN 202210449395 A CN202210449395 A CN 202210449395A CN 116986961 A CN116986961 A CN 116986961A
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- substituted succinic
- succinic acid
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- SVABQOITNJTVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SVABQOITNJTVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical group [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- AUAPRCWPJJUSKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1CCCCC1 AUAPRCWPJJUSKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MNCMBBIFTVWHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-anthracen-9-yl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 MNCMBBIFTVWHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DFLFESABTKVYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=C=C(C)N=C[CH]1 DFLFESABTKVYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AULWPXHFRBLPAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=C=CC=C[N]1 AULWPXHFRBLPAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical class O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 succinic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylsuccinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXRWICUICBZVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpent-1-yne Chemical compound CC(C)CC#C OXRWICUICBZVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-VIFPVBQESA-N (r)-2-benzylsuccinate Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Baclofen Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000794 baclofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;methylsulfanylmethane Chemical compound [B].CSC MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000422 delta-lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPGGHFDDFPHPOB-BBWFWOEESA-N mitiglinide Chemical compound C([C@@H](CC(=O)N1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2C1)C(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPGGHFDDFPHPOB-BBWFWOEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003365 mitiglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N pregabalin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](CN)CC(O)=O AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001233 pregabalin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011945 regioselective hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003954 δ-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B41/00—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen
- C07B41/08—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of carboxyl groups or salts, halides or anhydrides thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C315/00—Preparation of sulfones; Preparation of sulfoxides
- C07C315/04—Preparation of sulfones; Preparation of sulfoxides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfone or sulfoxide groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
- C07C319/20—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/14—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in organic compounds
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
- C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
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- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/78—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans
- C07D307/79—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
- C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
- C07D317/60—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种手性取代丁二酸的合成方法,包括下述步骤:以炔烃、一氧化碳和水为起始原料,钯盐为主催化剂,单膦和双膦配体组合为配体,质子酸为助催化剂,在高CO压力下于50‑120℃反应,得到手性取代丁二酸。本发明的方法副反应少、产品收率高、对映选择性高,有利于工业规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域,具体涉及一种手性取代丁二酸的合成方法。
背景技术
手性取代丁二酸及其衍生物作为药物中间体广泛应用于手性药物合成,然而目前没有很好的路线能够直接从简单原料出发通过一步法高收率地合成高纯度的手性取代丁二酸。
发明内容
为了克服了现有技术制备式I手性取代丁二酸的工艺条件苛刻、产物纯度低等的缺陷,本发明提供了一种新的合成手性取代丁二酸的方法,其能够以温和的反应条件高收率地得到、光学纯度高的手性取代丁二酸产物。具体而言,本发明包括以下技术方案。
一种合成式I所示手性取代丁二酸的方法,包括以下步骤:
以炔烃、一氧化碳和水为起始原料,以催化量的钯盐为主催化剂(简称钯催化剂),膦配体(ligand),催化量的质子酸为助催化剂,在高CO压力下反应,得到手性取代丁二酸I:
其中取代基R1选自芳基和烷基。
上述取代丁二酸可以是选自下组的化合物:
优选地,上述钯盐选自乙酰丙酮钯(Pd(acac)2)、醋酸钯(Pd(OAc)2),所述膦配体(ligand)是单膦配体与双膦配体的两种配体组合,其中所述单膦配体选自下组:三苯基膦,2-吡啶基二苯基膦,2-吡啶基二环己基膦,2-(6-氯吡啶)基二苯基膦,2-(4,6-二甲基吡啶)基二苯基膦,2-(二苯基膦)基嘧啶,2-(2,8-二甲基-10氢-苯氧膦-10-基)吡啶,它们两种以上的混合物;所述双膦配体是手性双膦配体,选自下组:手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦,手性5,5'-双(二苯基膦)-4,4'-二-1,3-苯并二茂,手性4,4'-二(9-蒽基)-3,3'-二(叔丁基)-2,2',3,3'-四氢-2,2'-二苯并[D][1,3]氧,膦戊轭,它们两种以上的混合物:
单膦配体
手性双膦配体
优选地,上述单膦配体可以是单一单膦配体或两种以上混合物,混合物包括相同摩尔比的2-吡啶基二苯基膦、2-吡啶基二环己基膦、2-(6-氯吡啶)基二苯基膦、2-(4,6-二甲基吡啶)基二苯基膦、2-(二苯基膦)基嘧啶和2-(2,8-二甲基-10氢-苯氧膦-10-基)吡啶,简称“二苯基吡啶基膦”中的两种以上;双膦配体可以是手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦。
上述反应体系中,炔烃与钯盐的摩尔比为100:1-5,优选大约100:3。
上述反应体系中,炔烃与膦配体的摩尔比为100:2-10,优选100:5-8左右。
上述膦配体(ligand)中单膦配体与手性双膦配体的摩尔比为1:3-9,优选大约1:4-7。
上述反应体系中,所述质子酸选自下组有机酸和无机酸:对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、醋酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硼酸、或者它们两种以上的混合物,优选对甲苯磺酸(PTSA)。
其中,钯盐与质子酸的摩尔比大约为1:5-20,优选大约1:8-12,例如1:10左右。
上述钯盐催化的不对称双氢羧化反应优选在有机溶剂中进行,所述有机溶剂选自下组:甲醇,甲苯,四氢呋喃(THF),二氯甲烷(DCE),乙腈,1,2-二氯乙烷(DCM),它们两种以上的混合物。
在一种实施方式中,上述反应在高压釜中进行,一氧化碳气体CO的压力例如为30个左右大气压。
应理解,上述术语“左右”或者“大约”是指所表示的本数可以有±10%、±9%、±8%、±7%或±5%的误差范围或浮动范围。
上述反应温度可以为50-120℃。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种手性取代丁二酸,其通过上述的方法制备。
这些手性取代丁二酸光学纯度高,可作为中间体用于合成一系列手性药物。例如手性苄基丁二酸(即(S)-苄基丁二酸)是合成米格列奈的中间体,经酸酐化、酶催化区域选择性水解以及还原关环步骤,高收率高对映选择性转化为相应的手性δ-内酯,该内酯是合成手性药物巴氯芬、普瑞巴林等δ-内酰胺及氨基酸的中间体。
相对于现有技术的合成手性取代丁二酸方法,本发明的合成工艺步骤少,副反应少,产品收率高,对映选择性高,可用于工业规模生产。
具体实施方式
本发明是在钯催化下将炔烃经过不对称双氢羧化反应得手性取代丁二酸化合物I。
为方便起见,本文中可将“手性取代丁二酸”简称为“手性丁二酸”。
本文中,有时将术语“式X所示化合物”表述为“化合物X”,这是本领域技术人员能够理解的。比如式I所示化合物和化合物I都是指代相同的化合物。
在优选的实施方式中,在上述各步骤反应完成后,可按本领域常识进行过滤、洗涤、干燥等纯化操作。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
以下通过实施例进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于举例说明目的,而不是对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员根据本发明构思对其作出的各种改变或调整,均应落入本发明的保护范围内。
本文中涉及到多种物质的添加量、含量及浓度,其中所述的百分含量,除特别说明外,皆指质量百分含量。
本文的实施例中,如果对于反应温度或操作温度没有做出具体说明,则该温度通常指室温(15-30℃)。
实施例
试剂:本发明实施例中使用的反应物和催化剂均为化学纯,可直接使用或根据需要经过简单纯化;有机溶剂等均为分析纯,直接使用。试剂均购自中国医药(集团)上海化学试剂公司。
检测仪器:
核磁共振仪型号:Bruker avance HD 600MHz,Bruker avance III 500MHz;
质谱仪(液质联用(LCMS)),型号:Agilent 6120B,检测器为DAD。
高效液相色谱,型号:Shimadzu 20,A检测器为紫外吸收检测器。
实施例1:化合物I 01的制备
向釜中加入苯乙炔(745mg,7.3mmol)和Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)、二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 01所示化合物产品(1.27g),收率90%。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.34(s,br,2H),7.34-7.25(m,5H),3.89(dd,J=4.8Hz,J=10.2Hz,1H),2.95(dd,J=10.2Hz,J=16.8Hz,1H),2.54(dd,J=5.4Hz,J=16.8Hz,1H)。
MS(ESI):195.06([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例2:化合物I 02的制备
向釜中加入对氯苯乙炔(993mg,7.3mmol)和Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)、二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 02所示化合物产品(1.46g),收率88%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.28-7.40(m,4H),5.94(s,2H),3.99(dd,J1=5.3Hz,J2=9.9Hz,1H),2.94(dd,J1=9.9Hz,J2=16.7Hz,1H),2.46(dd,1H,J1=5.3Hz,J2=16.7Hz)。
MS(ESI):229.02([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例3:化合物I 03的制备
向釜中加入对氟苯乙炔(876mg,7.3mmol)、Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)、二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式Ⅰ03所示化合物产品(1.42g),收率92%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,CD3OD):δ7.39-7.27(m,2H),7.11-6.98(m,2H),4.02(dd,J=10.0Hz,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.09(dd,J=17.0Hz,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J=17.0Hz,J2=5.4Hz,1H)。
MS(ESI):213.05([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例4:化合物I 04的制备
向釜中加入对氟苯乙炔(846mg,7.3mmol)、Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)、二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 04所示化合物产品(1.42g),收率92%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,CD3OD)δ7.25-7.05(m,4H),3.96(dd,J1=10.3,5J2=5.2Hz,1H),3.07(dd,J1=17.0,J2=10.2Hz,1H),2.58(dd,J1=17.0,J2=5.2Hz,1H),2.30(s,3H)。
MS(ESI):209.07([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例5:化合物I 05的制备
向釜中加入对甲氧基-3-戊氧基苯乙炔(1.6g,7.3mmol)、Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 05所示化合物产品(1.9g),收率85%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,CD3OD)δ6.88-6.83(m,3H),3.94-3.92(m,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.31-3.30(m,1H),3.07-3.03(m,1H),2.62-2.58(m,1H),1.87-1.66(m,8H)。
MS(ESI):308.12([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例6:化合物I 06的制备
向釜中加入4-甲基-1-戊炔(598mg,7.3mmol)、Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 06所示化合物产品(1.1g),收率85%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,CD3OD)δ0.91(d,J=6.4,3H),0.95(d,J=6.4,3H),1.43–1.54(m,1H),1.62–1.76(m,1H),1.77–1.87(m,1H),2.56–2.68(m,1H),2.98–3.18(m,2H)。
MS(ESI):174.09([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例7:化合物I 07的制备
向釜中加入4-甲基-1-戊炔(846mg,7.3mmol)、Pd(acac)2(66mg,0.219mmol)二苯基吡啶基膦(7.6mg,0.029mmol)、手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(150mg,0.2mmol)、对甲苯磺酸(416mg,2.19mmol)、H2O(0.5mL,29.2mmol)、DCE(36.5mL),充入CO(30bar),70℃反应24小时。降温至室温后减压浓缩,得到粗产品,粗产品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1~10:1)分离后,得到白色固体即为式I 07所示化合物产品(1.1g),收率85%,光学纯度99%ee。其氢谱和质谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(600MHz,CD3OD)δ7.29-7.18(m,5H),3.07-2.99(m,2H),2.83-2.79(m,1H),2.59-2.54(m,1H),2.38-2.33(m,1H)。
MS(ESI):208.07([M+H]+,100%)。
实施例8:手性酸酐化合物的合成
50毫升史莱克瓶中加入1mmol实施例5中所得化合物I 05,充入氩气保护,加入乙酰氯(5mL),于50℃条件下反应16小时。反应体系冷却至室温,真空抽干后得产物手性酸酐化合物,可直接用于后续反应不必进一步纯化。
实施例9:手性内酯化合物的合成
10毫升史莱克管中加入0.5mmol实施例8中所得手性酸酐化合物,天野脂肪酶(50mg),在N2保护中溶于异丙醚(5mL),加入乙醇(27.6mg,0.6mmol),于25℃反应24小时。反应结束后滤掉固体,将溶液置于新的10毫升史莱克管中,真空除去异丙醚和乙醇,加入三甲氧基硼烷(154mg,1.5mmol),四氢呋喃(5mL),后在-20℃条件下加入硼烷二甲硫醚(0.6mmol),于-20℃反应12小时,后加入甲醇(1mL)淬灭,搅拌30分钟,恢复室温后真空抽干溶剂,加入DCM(2mL)和对甲苯磺酸(38mg,0.2mmol),室温反应30分钟。减压除去DCM得粗产品,后经柱层析(PE:EA=10:1~5:1),得到目标产物化合物δ-内酯,其为无色液体,收率91%。其氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR:(CDCl3,600MHz)δ6.83(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.75-6.72(m,2H),4.77-4.75(m,1H),4.62(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.22(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.73-3.67(m,1H),2.89(dd,J1=9.0Hz,J 2=17.4Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J 1=9.0Hz,J 2=17.4Hz,1H),1.92-1.82(m,6H),1.62-1.61(m,2H)。
上述实验表明,本发明的方法制备的手性取代丁二酸纯度高,对映选择性都高达99%,后续转化成药物中间体,容易达到符合药物质量标准,而且后处理简单(简单重结晶即可),能够显著降低生产成本,因而更适合工业化大规模生产。
Claims (10)
1.一种合成式I所示手性取代丁二酸的方法,包括以下步骤:
以炔烃、一氧化碳和水为起始原料,以催化量的钯盐为主催化剂,膦配体,催化量的质子酸为助催化剂,在高CO压力下反应,得到手性取代丁二酸I:
其中取代基R1选自芳基和烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述取代丁二酸是选自下组的化合物:
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钯盐选自乙酰丙酮钯(Pd(acac)2)、醋酸钯(Pd(OAc)2),所述膦配体是单膦配体与双膦配体的两种配体组合,其中所述单膦配体选自下组:三苯基膦,2-吡啶基二苯基膦,2-吡啶基二环己基膦,2-(6-氯吡啶)基二苯基膦,2-(4,6-二甲基吡啶)基二苯基膦,2-(二苯基膦)基嘧啶,2-(2,8-二甲基-10氢-苯氧膦-10-基)吡啶,它们两种以上的混合物;所述双膦配体是手性双膦配体,选自下组:手性1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦,手性5,5'-双(二苯基膦)-4,4'-二-1,3-苯并二茂,手性4,4'-二(9-蒽基)-3,3'-二(叔丁基)-2,2',3,3'-四氢-2,2'-二苯并[D][1,3]氧,膦戊轭,它们两种以上的混合物:
单膦配体
手性双膦配体
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,炔烃与钯盐的摩尔比大约为100:1-5。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,炔烃与膦配体的摩尔比大约为100:2-10。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,膦配体中单膦配体与手性双膦配体的摩尔比为1:3-9,其中所述单膦配体是单一单膦配体或两种以上混合物,混合物包括相同摩尔比的2-吡啶基二苯基膦、2-吡啶基二环己基膦、2-(6-氯吡啶)基二苯基膦、2-(4,6-二甲基吡啶)基二苯基膦、2-(二苯基膦)基嘧啶和2-(2,8-二甲基-10氢-苯氧膦-10-基)吡啶中的两种以上。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述质子酸选自下组有机酸或者无机酸:对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、醋酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硼酸、或者它们两种以上的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,钯盐与质子酸的摩尔比大约为1:5-20。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应在有机溶剂中进行,所述有机溶剂选自下组:甲醇,甲苯,四氢呋喃,二氯甲烷,乙腈,1,2-二氯乙烷,它们两种以上的混合物。
10.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,反应在高压釜中进行,CO的压力为30个大气压,反应温度为50-120℃。
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