CN111264557B

CN111264557B - Method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot

Info

Publication number: CN111264557B
Application number: CN202010220838.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓渊钰; 陈怀谷; 张鹏; 李伟; 孙海燕; 曹淑琳
Original assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-03-25
Filing date: 2020-03-25
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-25
Also published as: CN111264557A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop disease prevention and control, and relates to a method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot. The method comprises diluting soluble silicate or preparation containing soluble silicate as main ingredient before wheat turning green to stem, spraying effective Silicon (SiO) on wheat stem and leaf₂Calculated) 15-30 g/mu. The white spike rate caused by the wheat stem base rot can be effectively controlled by the treatment of the method. The method has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, remarkable and stable effect, and also has the effect of increasing the yield of wheat.

Description

Method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop disease prevention and control, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot and application thereof.

Background

Wheat basal stem rot (Crown rot of wheat) is an important wheat disease caused by Fusarium sp, which infects the basal stem of wheat and spreads upward along the stem, browning multiple nodes and internodes above the basal stem, and over time, the diseased tissue, especially the root-stem junction, presents symptoms of dry rot. The disease occurrence part is low, and is not easy to be found in the early growth stage of wheat, but the disease often causes withered white ears in the mature stage of wheat. Basal stem rot has had a serious impact on wheat production in many countries. For example, in australia, this disease has been a significant obstacle to wheat production for many years, causing severe economic losses each year, with some plots losing even up to 100%, and in parts of the northwest united states, basal rot causes a 30% reduction in wheat production. The wheat stem base rot only happens sporadically in China in the last century, but in recent years, with the push of returning straws to fields, bacteria sources are gradually accumulated in soil, so that the disease is widely happened in the central and south of the northriver, the south of the Shanxi, the east of the Shanxi, the south of the Henan and most of the Shandong, Jiangsu and the North of Anhui in China, and the yield loss of part of fields is up to more than 30%.

So far, a safe and feasible control method for the wheat stem basal rot is lacked all over the world. The commonly used prevention and control means at present mainly comprises straw burning and deep ploughing treatment. Although these agricultural measures can reduce the bacterial sources in the soil, they are not suitable for popularization and practical use. For example, the straw burning brings about a serious environmental pollution problem, and China also promulgates related laws to prohibit the open burning of the straw in the regions with concentrated population, around airports, near traffic trunks and in the regions defined by the governments of all people; the deep ploughing treatment consumes a large amount of energy, increases the agricultural cost, is not beneficial to the water retention of soil, and increases the risk of water shortage and drought of current and later crops. Chemical control by utilizing the bactericide is also one direction considered by people, but because the fungus source of the wheat stem basal rot is distributed in soil, the disease part starts from the junction of rhizomes under the ground, the bactericide sprayed on the ground cannot directly act on pathogenic bacteria to play a role, if the bactericide is used for dressing seeds, the bactericide can play a certain role in a short time, but the lasting period is short, the role of the bactericide can be gradually lost along with the time, and the effect of preventing and controlling the wheat stem basal rot cannot be achieved. Therefore, no bactericide for the wheat stem basal rot has been registered so far. The cultivation of wheat varieties with resistance to basal stem rot is also the direction of effort of people, but no parent material with high resistance to basal stem rot of wheat has been screened so far. Therefore, under the condition that the basal rot of the wheat stem is aggravated year by year and tends to spread, the prevention and control method which is environment-friendly, stable in effect and suitable for popularization is urgently needed. In this context, as a project group for studying wheat diseases, we conducted the study of the present invention.

The invention content is as follows:

aiming at the wheat stem basal rot with great harm in wheat production, a prevention and control method which is environment-friendly, stable in effect and suitable for popularization is provided.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

a method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot is characterized by comprising the following steps: diluting soluble silicate with water, and spraying to obtain effective Silicon (SiO) at a dosage per mu before turning green to jointing₂Meter) 15-30 g. The white spike rate caused by the wheat stem base rot can be reduced by 40-50% through the treatment.

In the invention, the material for preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot is a soluble silicate raw material or a preparation taking the soluble silicate as a main component.

In the invention, the application method of the soluble silicate is stem and leaf spraying.

In the invention, the spraying time of the soluble silicate is from wheat turning green to before jointing.

In the present invention, the soluble silicate is used in an amount of effective silicon (as SiO)₂Calculated) 15-30 g/mu.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the soluble silicate has obvious and stable prevention and control effects on the wheat stem basal rot, and fills the blank under the background that the prevention and control of the wheat stem basal rot generally lacks an effective method at home and abroad;

(2) the soluble silicate is easy to obtain and has lower cost;

(3) the soluble silicate is environment-friendly;

(4) the operation is simple, and the implementation cost is low;

(5) the soluble silicate can also be used as a fertilizer to improve the yield of wheat. Therefore, spraying the soluble silicate can not only prevent and control the basal rot of the wheat stem, but also increase the yield, and has the effect of serving multiple purposes.

Detailed Description

Example 1 Artificial inoculation test for prevention and control of wheat stalk basal rot by soluble silicate

Conidia of Fusarium pseudograminearum strain CF14047 were diluted to 10 deg.C with sterile water⁵each.mL^-1Adding a proper amount of Tween-20 to make the concentration of Tween-20 be 0.1% (v/v) before inoculation; filling sterilized soil into a pot with the diameter of 12cm, the height of 15cm and a hole at the bottom; the wheat seeds (Yangmai 158) are sterilized by 1 percent NaClO solution and then are put at 25 ℃ for 2 days for accelerating germination, the germinated wheat is taken out after being soaked in the spore liquid of the fusarium pseudograminearum strain CF0915 for 2min and is sowed in pots filled with soil, and 4 grains are sowed in each pot. The test included the following treatments: 1. spraying soluble silicate stem and leaf (inoculating, spraying sodium silicate solution during wheat green turning period), wherein the amount of effective silicon (SiO is used as effective silicon₂Meter) 0.023g/m²) (ii) a 2. Spraying soluble silicate stem and leaf (same treatment 1, dosage is effective silicon 0.045g/m²)2, dressing the seeds with soluble silicate (the spraying of the sodium silicate solution in the wheat green turning period in the treatment 1 is changed into the dressing of the seeds with the sodium silicate solution before germination acceleration, the mass ratio of effective silicon to the seeds is 1: 400)3, spraying clear water (inoculation, and spraying clear water in the green turning period); 4. blank control (no inoculation, no spray). 12 pots of wheat are reused once, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the wheat is randomly arranged in blocks. The potted wheat is placed in a nursery garden for open-air culture, the white spike rate caused by stem base rot is investigated before the wheat is mature, and the control effect is calculated.

The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 prevention and control of wheat stalk rot by soluble silicate (Artificial inoculation test)

Example 22017 field test for prevention and control of wheat stem basal rot by soluble silicate and chemical agent in 2018

2017 and 2018, the field test for preventing and controlling the wheat stem basal rot by soluble silicate and chemical agents is carried out on the wheat stem basal rot in the field where the wheat stem basal rot occurs in the farm of five rivers in Jiangsu province for many years. Spraying chemical agent and soluble silicate on stem and leaf of wheat at early trimester, wherein the chemical agent is recommended in the specification, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of each cell is 20m²Random block permutation. The average number of white spikes per square meter of each treatment is investigated before harvest, and the control effect is calculated.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 soluble silicates and chemicals field test for prevention and control of wheat stem basal rot (2018 five views river farm)

Example 32018 field test for prevention and control of wheat stem basal rot by soluble silicate and chemical agent in 2019

2018 and 2019, the field test for preventing and controlling the wheat stem basal rot by soluble silicate and chemical agents is carried out on the wheat stem basal rot in the field blocks of the five-picture river farm and the Dongxing farm of Jiangsu province in the wheat production season. The chemical agent is applied to seed dressing treatment before wheat seeding, the dosage is recommended by the instruction, the soluble silicate is applied to stem leaf spraying treatment in the wheat green turning stage in early trimester, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a cell is 20m²Random block permutation. And (5) investigating the number of white spikes before harvesting, and calculating the control effect.

The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 soluble silicates and chemical Agents control wheat stalk rot field test (2019)

The test results in the above examples show that the spraying of soluble silicate on the stem leaves has a prominent prevention and control effect on the basal rot of wheat, and the prevention effect is stable in different years and different places.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling the basal rot of wheat stems is characterized in that the basal rot of wheat stems is prevented and controlled by soluble silicate;

the soluble silicate is sprayed on stem leaves to prevent and control the stem base rot of wheat, and the spraying time is the wheat green turning period;

the wheat basal stem rot is caused by fusarium pseudograminearum.

2. The method for preventing and controlling wheat stem basal rot according to claim 1, characterized in that the soluble silicate is sodium silicate and SiO₂The effective silicon application amount is 15 g/mu.