CN111247097B - Activated carbon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Activated carbon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111247097B CN111247097B CN201880059679.8A CN201880059679A CN111247097B CN 111247097 B CN111247097 B CN 111247097B CN 201880059679 A CN201880059679 A CN 201880059679A CN 111247097 B CN111247097 B CN 111247097B
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- activated carbon
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- resin laminate
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 366
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FIMJSWFMQJGVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClC(Cl)Cl FIMJSWFMQJGVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodibromomethane Chemical compound ClC(Br)Br GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003988 headspace gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZLYKIGBANMMBK-DYKIIFRCSA-N 5β-androstane Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)CCC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CCC[C@@]2(C)CC1 QZLYKIGBANMMBK-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMWLUWPQPKEARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromodichloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Br FMWLUWPQPKEARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-YPZZEJLDSA-N carbon-10 atom Chemical class [10C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-YPZZEJLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an activated carbon having excellent adsorption performance. Activity of the inventionBET specific surface area of carbon 650m 2 Above/g 1250m 2 The total pore volume is 0.25cm and less than/g 3 The average pore diameter is 1.8nm to 4.0nm, and the chloroform water flow rate in the water flow test method is 71L/g to 71L/g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to activated carbon and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Activated carbon is used in a wide range of fields as an adsorbent, an electrode material for capacitors, a catalyst, and the like. Further, as a raw material of the activated carbon, plant-based materials such as sawdust, wood chips, and coconut shells; a polymer material such as a phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, or a composite thereof (e.g., paper phenol resin); coal, petroleum, coke, various asphalt, and other mineral materials.
The inventors of the present invention have made an observation with a paper phenol resin that can control mesopores and micropores formed by controlling activation conditions, and proposed an activated carbon having a pore structure suitable for an adsorbate (patent document 1). Specifically, as an activated carbon exhibiting excellent adsorption performance not only in the equilibrium adsorption amount to an organic halide but also under water passage conditions, an activated carbon is disclosed which controls the pore volume ratio of pore diameter of 2nm or less and the pore volume ratio of more than 2nm and 10nm or less.
Prior art documents
Patent literature
Patent document 1: international publication No. 2015/152391 pamphlet
Disclosure of Invention
The inventors of the present invention have repeatedly studied with a view to further improving the adsorption performance of the activated carbon after developing the activated carbon disclosed in patent document 1.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an activated carbon having excellent adsorption performance and a method for producing the activated carbon.
[1] The activated carbon of the present invention which can solve the above problems,
BET specific surface area of 650m 2 Above/g 1250m 2 The total pore volume is 0.25cm and less than/g 3 The average pore diameter is 1.8nm to 4.0nm, and the chloroform water flux in the water-passing test method is 71L/g to.
The water-through test method comprises the following steps: the test water was passed through a column filled with 2.0g of activated carbon having a particle diameter of 53 to 180. Mu.m, the chloroform concentration before and after passing through the column was measured, and the chloroform flow rate (L/g) per 1g of activated carbon was determined from the total filtered water flow rate (L) to the penetration point, as the chloroform flow rate.
Test water: distilled water with chloroform concentration of 0.06mg/L
Space Velocity (SV): 500h -1
Chloroform concentration measurement method: headspace gas chromatograph
Penetration point: the time when the concentration of chloroform in the column-outflow water exceeds 20% relative to the column-inflow water
[2] The activated carbon according to item [1], wherein the activated carbon of the present invention is preferably one having a chloroform balance adsorption amount of 4.5mg/g or more in the following balance test method.
The balance test method comprises the following steps: a100 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing the following predetermined amounts of activated carbon and stirrer was filled with a chloroform solution, sealed, stirred at 20℃for 14 hours, and the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask were filtered, and the equilibrium concentration (mg/L) of chloroform and the equilibrium adsorption amount (mg/g) of chloroform per 1g of activated carbon were determined by the chloroform concentration measurement method described above for the filtrate, to prepare adsorption isotherms, which were equilibrium adsorption amounts (mg/g) at an equilibrium concentration of 0.06 mg/L.
Test solution: chloroform solution with concentration of 0.06mg/L
Quality of the conical flask: determination of the quality of Erlenmeyer flask before and after filling with chloroform solution
Particle size of activated carbon: particle size of 180 μm or less
Amount of activated carbon in each test: 0.013g, 0.026g, 0.065g, 0.130g, 0.260g
Adsorption isotherm: the equilibrium concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount are measured at predetermined amounts of the activated carbon, and the adsorption isotherm is prepared based on the results.
[3]According to [1] above]Or [2]]The activated carbon according to, wherein the activated carbon has a specific density of 1.3g/cm 3 The following paper phenol resin laminate was carbonized and then gas activated.
[4]A preferred method for producing the activated carbon of the present invention is characterized by having a density of 1.3g/cm 3 The following paper phenol resin laminate was carbonized, and then subjected to gas activation treatment.
[5] The method for producing an activated carbon according to item [4] above, wherein at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a washing treatment, a drying treatment, a pulverizing treatment and a heating treatment is performed after the gas activation treatment.
[6]According to [4] above]Or [5]]The method for producing an activated carbon according to the above, wherein the carbide of the paper phenol resin laminate obtained by the carbonization treatment has a pore volume of 0.15cm and a pore diameter of 1 to 10. Mu.m 3 And/g.
[7] An activated carbon for water purifier obtained by the production method according to any one of the above [4] to [6 ].
The present invention provides an activated carbon having a characteristic superior to the adsorption performance of the activated carbon of the prior art, and a method for producing the activated carbon.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between the mercury intrusion into carbide and the pore diameter.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the macropore volume of 1 to 10 μm and the density of the paper phenol resin laminate.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the specific surface area of activated carbon and the chloroform flow-through amount in a water-through test.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the specific surface area of activated carbon and the equilibrium adsorption amount of chloroform in an equilibrium test.
Fig. 5 is an electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the activated carbon of the example.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing N-based 2 Adsorption isotherm of adsorption method is a graph of pore size distribution analyzed by BJH method.
Detailed Description
The inventors of the present invention have made intensive studies to improve the adsorption performance as compared with conventional activated carbon, and as a result, have found that the above problems can be solved by improving a paper phenol resin laminate used as a carbon raw material. Conventionally, as a carbon raw material of activated carbon, leftover materials of paper phenol resin laminate commonly used as a printed circuit board in electronic parts and the like are used. While the inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly found that the adsorption performance can be improved by using activated carbon whose density is controlled to be lower than that of conventional paper phenol resin laminates as a carbon raw material, the inventors of the present invention have completed the present invention. The present invention will be described below.
The activated carbon of the present invention is preferably adsorbed with various substances, like the known activated carbon, on chloroform, trifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromomethane and other trihalomethanes, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and other organohalogen compounds, more preferably trihalomethanes, and even more preferably has excellent adsorption performance on chloroform. In the present invention, the term "adsorption performance" means that the adsorbate preferably has excellent adsorption performance under water passage conditions (hereinafter, also referred to as water passage adsorption performance), and more preferably the equilibrium adsorption amount is also excellent (hereinafter, also referred to as equilibrium adsorption performance). Hereinafter, the adsorption performance means water-through adsorption performance, but preferably includes equilibrium adsorption performance.
The BET specific surface area of the activated carbon of the present invention is 650m 2 Above/g 1250m 2 Per gram or less, the pore volume is 0.25cm 3 The average pore diameter is 1.8nm to 4.0nm, and the chloroform water flux in the water-passing test method described in the examples is 71L/g or more.
Adsorption performance of water
The activated carbon of the present invention has superior water adsorption performance as compared with conventional activated carbon. The excellent water-through adsorption performance of the present invention is derived from a novel carbon raw material different from the conventional one as described later, but even the activated carbon produced by the research is difficult to specify the physical structure derived from the carbon raw material. However, since the water adsorption performance is superior to that of the conventional activated carbon, the physical structure is also different, and it is apparent that the activated carbon is novel, and therefore, the chloroform water flux is defined as an index indicating the physical structure which is difficult to be clarified. Specifically, the activated carbon of the present invention can maintain a water flux of 71L/g or more, preferably 75L/g or more, more preferably 78L/g or more, still more preferably 80L/g or more, still more preferably 85L/g or more, and most preferably 95L/g or more, at a chloroform removal rate of 80% or more based on a water flux test of examples described later.
Equilibrium adsorption performance
In addition, the activated carbon of the present invention has excellent equilibrium adsorption performance as compared with conventional activated carbon. The excellent equilibrium adsorption performance of the present invention is derived from a novel carbon material, and is specified by chloroform equilibrium adsorption amount as another index indicating a physical structure which is difficult to clarify, similarly to the water-through adsorption performance. Specifically, the activated carbon of the present invention preferably has a chloroform adsorption capacity of 4.5mg/g or more, more preferably 5.0mg/g or more, still more preferably 5.5mg/g or more, and still more preferably 6.0mg/g or more per 1g of activated carbon in the equilibrium test of the following examples. The activated carbon of the present invention may satisfy only the water passage adsorption performance, but preferably satisfies both the water passage adsorption performance and the equilibrium adsorption performance.
BET specific surface area of activated carbon
For the purpose ofEnsuring a sufficient adsorption amount, the BET specific surface area of the activated carbon is 650m 2 Preferably at least 700m 2 Preferably at least 750m 2 Preferably at least/g, more preferably 800m 2 Preferably at least/g, more preferably at least 850m 2 Preferably above/g, most preferably 900m 2 And/g. On the other hand, if the balance of the micropore volume ratio contributing to the increase in the adsorption amount and the mesopore volume ratio contributing to the increase in the diffusion rate is sought and the packing density of the activated carbon is taken into consideration, the BET specific surface area is 1250m 2 Preferably 1200m or less per gram 2 Preferably 1150m or less per gram 2 Preferably not more than/g, more preferably 1100m 2 Preferably less than or equal to/g, most preferably 1050m 2 And/g or less.
Total pore volume of activated carbon
The total pore volume of the activated carbon of the present invention means the pore volume having a pore diameter of 30nm or less. To ensure a sufficient adsorption capacity, the total pore volume was 0.25cm 3 Preferably 0.30cm or more per gram 3 Preferably at least 0.35cm 3 Preferably at least 0.40cm 3 Preferably at least 0.45cm 3 And/g. The upper limit of the total pore volume is preferably 0.80cm 3 Preferably less than or equal to/g, more preferably 0.75cm 3 Preferably less than or equal to/g, more preferably 0.70cm 3 Preferably less than or equal to/g, more preferably 0.60cm 3 And/g or less.
Average pore diameter of activated carbon
The average pore diameter of the activated carbon is 1.80nm or more, more preferably 1.82nm or more, still more preferably 1.85nm or more, still more preferably 1.87nm or more, and most preferably 1.90nm or more, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of introducing the adsorbate into the activated carbon. On the other hand, when the average pore diameter is too large, the packing density may be reduced, and thus it is 4.0nm or less, preferably 3.5nm or less, and more preferably 3.0nm or less.
Average particle diameter of activated carbon
The activated carbon of the present invention can be formed into a shape and size corresponding to the use. In the case of using activated carbon for water purifier application and the like, in view of contact efficiency, powder, granule or granules thereof are preferable. In view of the above contact efficiency, the average particle diameter of the activated carbon (i.e., the average particle diameter of the powdery, granular or granulated product thereof) is preferably 10 μm or more, more preferably 20 μm or more, still more preferably 30 μm or more, preferably 500 μm or less, more preferably 300 μm or less, still more preferably 200 μm or less.
The excellent water-through adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance of the present invention are derived from the prescribed carbon raw material of the present invention. Therefore, even when a different carbon raw material is used in the above range of BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter, the physical structure is different from that of the activated carbon derived from the predetermined carbon raw material of the present invention, and therefore the water passage adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance of the present invention cannot be achieved.
The activated carbon of the invention has the density of 1.3g/cm 3 The following paper phenol resin laminate (hereinafter also referred to as low-density paper phenol resin laminate) is an activated carbon as a carbon raw material. Specifically, the activated carbon of the present invention is preferably one obtained by carbonizing a low-density paper phenol resin laminate and then subjecting the laminate to a gas activation treatment. Activated carbon derived from low density paper phenolic resin laminate, having a density exceeding 1.3g/cm as compared with conventional activated carbon derived from a low density paper phenolic resin laminate 3 The activated carbon of the paper phenol resin laminate (hereinafter also referred to as a high-density paper phenol resin laminate) has more excellent adsorption performance than the activated carbon. Therefore, it is considered that the activated carbon derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate has a specific physical structure different from that of the activated carbon derived from the high-density paper phenol resin laminate, but it is difficult to specify the physical structure characteristics of the activated carbon of the invention example to a degree that can be distinguished from those of the comparative example from, for example, the electron microscope (SEM) photographs of example 4 and comparative example 2 shown in fig. 5, and even if the cross-sectional shape of the activated carbon is examined, it is difficult to specify the activated carbon by each activated carbon. As shown in fig. 6, it is difficult to distinguish the active carbon of the invention example from the active carbon of the comparative example in terms of pore size distribution, and it is difficult to specify the characteristics of the active carbon of the present invention even when the active carbon is examined by using various other analysis devices. Therefore, one of the characteristics of the activated carbon of the present invention is thatSelected as activated carbon from a specific carbon feedstock. Further, since the conventional activated carbon derived from the high-density paper phenol resin laminate cannot obtain the excellent adsorption performance of the present invention, the degree of the effect obtained can be distinguished from the conventional activated carbon by specifying the degree of the effect obtained.
Paper phenolic resin laminate
In the present invention, a low-density paper phenolic resin laminate is used as a carbon raw material. The paper phenolic resin laminate is a composite of a paper base material (hereinafter referred to as a mesoporous forming material) in which relatively large pores are easily formed and a phenolic resin (hereinafter referred to as a microporous forming material) in which relatively small pores are easily formed. Further, if the carbide of the low-density paper phenol resin laminate is subjected to gas activation treatment, activated carbon having a pore structure contributing to improvement of water-through adsorption performance or equilibrium adsorption performance can be obtained. The paper phenol resin laminate specified in the present invention is a novel material having a lower density than the known paper phenol resin laminate. Then, the carbide of the novel paper phenol resin laminate is activated to obtain activated carbon having a physical structure different from that of the conventional high-density paper phenol resin laminate.
In the present invention, the low-density paper phenol resin laminate is carbonized, but as shown in fig. 1, the carbide derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate has a significantly developed pore volume having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm as compared with the carbide derived from the high-density paper phenol resin laminate. Further, it is considered that such carbide derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate having a specific pore structure is different from carbide derived from the high-density paper phenol resin laminate in the gas diffusion state in the carbide at the time of the gas activation treatment. That is, it is considered that the low density of the carbide derived from the low density paper phenol resin laminate has high internal gas diffusivity when the gas activation treatment is performed, and affects the pores and pore structure formed. It is considered that, due to the difference in the formation process of the pores and pore structures, the activated carbon derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate and the high-density paper phenol resin laminate obtained by subjecting the activated carbon to carbonization treatment and activation treatment under the same conditions are laminatedThe physical structure of the activated carbon of the body is different, and the difference is represented by the difference of adsorption performance. The density of the paper phenolic resin laminate of the present invention exhibiting this difference was 1.30g/cm 3 Hereinafter, it is preferably 1.25g/cm 3 Hereinafter, it is more preferably 1.20g/cm 3 Hereinafter, it is more preferably 1.15g/cm 3 The following is given. The lower limit of the density of the paper phenolic resin laminate is preferably 0.70g/cm 3 The above is more preferably 0.80g/cm 3 The above is more preferably 0.90g/cm 3 The above is most preferably 1.00g/cm 3 The above.
The raw materials constituting the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate of the present invention may be the same paper and phenolic resin as those used in conventional paper phenolic resin laminates used for printed circuit boards and the like, and other additives and compositions are not limited. In addition, the method for producing the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate may be carried out according to the existing production method, but the production conditions need to be adjusted to achieve the above-described density. For example, by adjusting the pressing pressure at the time of molding and pressing a paper phenol resin (prepreg) laminate obtained by impregnating a paper base with a phenol resin, the density of the paper phenol resin laminate can be adjusted to a desired low density. In addition, in order to impart strength and durability suitable for printed circuit boards for electronic components and the like, the paper phenolic resin laminate is molded under high pressing pressure. Therefore, the known paper phenolic resin molded articles have a higher density than the predetermined density of the present invention. On the other hand, the low-density phenol resin laminate of the present invention can be obtained by reducing the pressing pressure, but has low strength and durability because of its low density, and is unsuitable for printed wiring board applications, but has strength and durability required as an adsorbent for water purifier applications and the like.
Crushing step 1
In the present invention, the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate may be subjected to a pulverization treatment prior to the carbonization treatment. For example, by miniaturizing the low-density paper phenol resin laminate, it is possible to perform uniform carbonization treatment or activation treatment in a short time, and therefore, it is possible to appropriately crush the laminate according to the size of the carbonization furnace. For example, the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate after pulverization is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, still more preferably 80% or more, and the particle diameter is preferably 5.0mm or less, more preferably 4.0mm or less, still more preferably 3.35mm or less. The lower limit may be appropriately determined in consideration of operability and the like.
Carbonization treatment step
The carbonization treatment step is a step of carbonizing the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate to obtain carbide. The carbide obtained by carbonizing the low-density phenol resin laminate (hereinafter, also referred to as low-density carbide) has a significantly developed pore volume (hereinafter, also referred to as macropore volume) having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm. When the gas activation treatment is performed on the low-density carbide having a developed macropore volume, the gas diffusivity during gas activation is improved, and the obtained activated carbon has a pore structure contributing to the improvement of the adsorption performance. The macropore volume of the low-density carbide exhibiting the above effect is preferably 0.13cm 3 Preferably at least 0.15cm 3 Preferably at least 0.20cm 3 And/g.
The ratio of the macropore volume of the low-density carbide to the total macropore volume of 1 to 10 μm is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, still more preferably 50% or more, and still more preferably 55% or more. The higher the macropore volume ratio, the more gas diffusivity at the time of activation treatment is improved, and the more fine pore structure contributing to the improvement of the adsorption performance of the obtained activated carbon is obtained, which is preferable.
Preferably, the carbonization treatment conditions are appropriately adjusted to obtain a low density carbide having the above-described macropore volume. The atmosphere during carbonization is preferably an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium, or argon. The low-density paper phenolic resin laminate is preferably heat-treated at a temperature and for a time at which the laminate does not burn, and the carbonization temperature (in-furnace temperature) is preferably 500 ℃ or higher, more preferably 550 ℃ or higher, preferably 1000 ℃ or lower, and more preferably 950 ℃ or lower. The holding time at the carbonization treatment temperature is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, further preferably 10 minutes or more, preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 8 hours or less, further preferably 6 hours or less.
Gas activation treatment step
The gas activation treatment step is a step of subjecting the low-density carbide to gas activation treatment to obtain activated carbon. The activated carbon obtained by subjecting the low-density carbide to the gas activation treatment has a specific pore structure which is not clear but has excellent water-through adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance.
The conditions of the gas activation treatment step may be appropriately adjusted so as to obtain the activated carbon. The gas activation treatment is a method of heating carbide to a predetermined temperature and then supplying an activation gas, thereby performing an activation treatment. The temperature (furnace temperature) at which the gas activation treatment is performed is preferably 400 ℃ or higher, more preferably 500 ℃ or higher, further preferably 600 ℃ or higher, preferably 1500 ℃ or lower, more preferably 1300 ℃ or lower, further preferably 1100 ℃ or lower. The temperature rise rate at this time is preferably 1℃per minute or more, more preferably 2℃per minute or more, still more preferably 6℃per minute or more, preferably 100℃per minute or less, still more preferably 50℃per minute or less, still more preferably 25℃per minute or less. The heating retention time is preferably 0.1 hours or more, more preferably 0.25 hours or more, preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 7.5 hours or less.
As the activation gas, steam, air, carbon dioxide, oxygen, combustion gas, and a mixed gas thereof can be used. The water vapor is described below as an example, but the present invention is also applicable to other activated gases such as carbon dioxide. When water vapor is supplied, the concentration of water vapor supplied in the activation treatment is preferably 40Vol% or more, more preferably 50Vol% or more, further preferably 60Vol% or more, preferably 100Vol% or less, more preferably 90Vol% or less, further preferably 85Vol% or less. If the supplied water vapor concentration is within the above range, the pore formation by the activation reaction becomes more favorable, and the activation reaction proceeds more efficiently, and the productivity can be improved.
The water vapor may be supplied without diluting the water vapor, or may be supplied after diluting the water vapor with an inert gas, but in order to efficiently perform the activation reaction, the supply after diluting with an inert gas is preferable. When the water vapor is supplied by dilution with an inert gas, the water vapor partial pressure in the mixed gas (total pressure 101.3 kPa) is preferably 40kPa or more, more preferably 50kPa or more, and still more preferably 70kPa or more.
Treatment after gas activation treatment
The activated carbon after the water vapor activation may be subjected to at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of (a) a washing treatment, (b) a drying treatment, (c) a pulverizing treatment 2, and (d) a heating treatment. (a) The cleaning treatment is performed on the activated carbon activated by steam using a known solvent such as water, an acid solution, or an alkali solution. By cleaning the activated carbon, impurities such as ash can be removed. (b) The drying treatment is a step of removing water or the like contained in the activated carbon after the steam activation or the washing. The drying treatment may be performed by exposing the activated carbon to a predetermined time at normal temperature or under heating to dry the activated carbon. (c) The pulverization treatment 2 is a step of adjusting the particle size of the activated carbon to a size corresponding to the application. The pulverization treatment 2 may be performed using a disk pulverizer, a ball mill, a bead mill, or the like, and may be adjusted to a predetermined particle size by classification or the like as needed. (d) The heat treatment is a step of heating the activated carbon at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere. The amount of acidic functional groups of the activated carbon can be reduced or even removed by heat treatment. The activated carbon derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate of the present invention is preferably subjected to the heat treatment (d) because the adsorption performance can be improved if the amount of the acidic functional group is reduced. The inert atmosphere during the heat treatment is the same as that in the carbonization treatment step. The heat treatment is preferably carried out at 400℃or higher, more preferably 600℃or higher, still more preferably 1300℃or lower, and still more preferably 1200℃or lower, as long as the temperature and time of the acidic functional group can be reduced. The heating holding time is preferably 0.5 hours or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, further preferably 1.5 hours or more, preferably 10 hours or less, further preferably 8 hours or less.
The treatment after the gas activation treatment may be performed alone, or 2 or more treatments may be performed in any combination. In the case of combining the washing treatment and the other treatment, the washing treatment may be performed at any time before and after the pulverization treatment, but the washing treatment is preferably performed before the drying treatment or the heating treatment. The preferable combination of the plurality of treatments is (i) a pulverization treatment-a washing treatment, (ii) a washing treatment-a pulverization treatment, more preferable combination is (iii) a pulverization treatment-a washing treatment-a drying treatment, (iv) a washing treatment-a pulverization treatment-a drying treatment, and further preferable combination is (v) a pulverization treatment-a washing treatment-a heating treatment, (vi) a washing treatment-a pulverization treatment-a heating treatment. Further, the heat treatment may be performed after the drying treatment, but since the activated carbon can be dried by the heat treatment, the drying treatment may be omitted if the treatment efficiency is considered. In the above preferred combinations (iii) to (vi), the pulverization treatment may be omitted if the particle size adjustment or the like is not required. In order to adjust the particle size, classification treatment may be performed by a sieve or the like as needed, or classification treatment may be performed as a final step after the above treatment.
The activated carbon of the present invention can be used as an adsorbent for an adsorbate present in water in the atmosphere. The adsorbent is particularly suitable for removing the adsorbates described below contained in tap water or industrial wastewater, and is more preferably used as activated carbon for water purifiers. The mode of the water purifier using the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to various known water purifiers.
[ example ]
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and can be modified and implemented as appropriate within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and all of them are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Carbon raw material: the pressing pressure at the time of molding and pressing the laminate of the paper phenol resin (prepreg) was adjusted to a density of 1.1g/cm 3 The paper phenolic resin laminate of (2) is used as a carbon raw material.
Crushing procedure 1: the above-mentioned carbon raw material was charged into a pulverizer (DAS-20, manufactured by Daiko refiner company) to pulverize the carbon raw material. At this time, the carbon raw material was pulverized by a sieve having a diameter of 8mm at a ratio of 3.35mm or less to 80% or more.
Carbonization treatment procedure: 200g of the pulverized carbon raw material was charged into a muffle furnace (manufactured by Guanyin Co., ltd.) and the temperature in the furnace was raised to 700℃under a nitrogen flow (2L/min), and the mixture was then kept for 2 hours to obtain a carbide of the carbon raw material.
And (3) an activation treatment procedure: 50g of the carbide was charged into a rotary kiln (manufactured by Tanacatech corporation), the temperature in the kiln was raised to 910 ℃ (10 ℃/min), and then, water vapor was introduced into the kiln together with nitrogen (1L/min) while maintaining the temperature (water vapor concentration: 70 Vol%) to activate the carbide by water vapor for 20 minutes, thereby obtaining activated carbon.
Crushing procedure 2: the obtained activated carbon was pulverized to a particle size of 180 μm or less with a mortar.
And (3) cleaning: the pulverized activated carbon was washed with 5.0% hydrochloric acid (60 ℃) and then with warm water (60 ℃) to prepare activated carbon 1.
Example 2
Activated carbon 2 was prepared by treating the activated carbon obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the water vapor activation time was changed to 9 minutes.
And (3) a heat treatment procedure: the cleaned activated carbon was charged into a muffle furnace (manufactured by optical ocean heating Co., ltd.) and heated to 900℃under nitrogen flow (2L/min), and then, the mixture was kept for 2 hours to prepare activated carbon 2.
Example 3
Activated carbon 3 was produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that the water vapor activation time was changed to 15 minutes.
Example 4
Activated carbon 4 was prepared by subjecting activated carbon 1 of example 1 to the following treatment.
And (3) a heat treatment procedure: the cleaned activated carbon was put into a muffle furnace, and heated to 900℃under nitrogen flow (2L/min), and then kept for 2 hours (heating rate: 10 ℃ C./min), to prepare activated carbon 4.
Example 5
An activated carbon 5 was produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that the water vapor activation time was changed to 30 minutes.
Example 6
50g of the carbonized carbon raw material of example 1 was charged into a rotary kiln, the temperature in the kiln was raised to 910℃under a nitrogen flow (1L/min), and after the temperature was maintained at 910℃the carbon dioxide (2.3L/min) was flowed into the kiln together with nitrogen (1.0L/min) (carbon dioxide concentration: 70 Vol%) and carbon dioxide was activated for 32 minutes to obtain activated carbon.
Crushing procedure 2: the obtained activated carbon was pulverized to a particle size of 180 μm or less with a mortar to obtain activated carbon.
Activated carbon 6 was prepared by subjecting the crushed activated carbon to a cleaning step and a heat treatment step under the same conditions as in example 2.
Comparative example 1
Carbon raw material: the same carbon raw material as the activated carbon No.1 used in the example of patent document 1 was used. Specifically, a pressing pressure at the time of molding and pressing a laminate of a paper phenol resin (prepreg) was adjusted to use a density of 1.44g/cm 3 The paper phenolic resin laminate of (2) is used as a carbon raw material. The pulverization step 1, carbonization treatment step, activation treatment step, and pulverization step 2 were performed in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain activated carbon. The obtained activated carbon was subjected to a cleaning step and a heat treatment step in the same manner as in example 2, to prepare activated carbon 7. Comparative examples 1 to 3 are activated carbons simulating the invention example of patent document 1.
Comparative example 2
An activated carbon 8 was produced in the same manner as in comparative example 1, except that the water vapor activation time was changed to 30 minutes.
Comparative example 3
An activated carbon 9 was produced in the same manner as in comparative example 1, except that the water vapor activation time was changed to 45 minutes.
Comparative example 4
An activated carbon 10 was produced in the same manner as in comparative example 1, except that the steam was changed to carbon dioxide (2.3L/min) and the carbon dioxide was introduced into the furnace together with nitrogen (1L/min) (carbon dioxide concentration: 70 Vol%) to activate carbon dioxide for 60 minutes.
The measurement conditions of the various characteristics in this example are as follows. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
[ Density of paper phenol resin laminate ]
The density of the paper phenolic resin laminate was calculated based on the following formula.
Density (g/cm) of paper phenolic resin laminate 3 ) Mass (g) of paper phenolic resin laminate/volume of paper phenolic resin laminate (length cm x width cm x thickness cm)
[ macropore volume of carbide ]
A sample (carbide) having a particle diameter of 0.5mm or more and a mercury intrusion pressure of 0.152 to 414MPa was measured by using a mercury porosimeter (Auto Pore IV9520, manufactured by micromerics Co.). In the analysis of the macropore volume, the macropore volume is obtained by using the cumulative value of mercury intrusion having a pore diameter of 0.05 to 107. Mu.m.
The macropore volume up to the pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm was determined using the cumulative value of mercury intrusion in the pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm of the sample.
The pore size distribution based on the measurement results is shown in fig. 1.
[ pore distribution of activated carbon ]
For each of the obtained activated carbon, 0.2g of the activated carbon was vacuum-dried at 200℃and then, purified by using ASAP2400 (manufactured by Shimadzu corporation) based on N 2 The adsorption isotherm of the adsorption method was analyzed by the BJH method to determine the pore size distribution. The results are shown in FIG. 6.
[ specific surface area of activated carbon ]
After heating 0.2g of a sample (activated carbon) at 250℃under vacuum, an adsorption isotherm was obtained by using a nitrogen adsorption apparatus (ASAP-2400 manufactured by Micromeritics Co.), and a specific surface area (m) was calculated by the BET method 2 /g)。
[ Total pore volume of activated carbon ]
The nitrogen adsorption amount at a relative pressure (p/p 0) =0.93 from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm was taken as the total pore volume (cm) 3 /g)。
[ average pore diameter of activated carbon ]
The average pore diameter is calculated based on the following equation assuming that the shape of pores formed in activated carbon is cylindrical.
Average pore diameter (nm) = (4×total pore volume (cm) 3 /g))/specific surface area (m) 2 /g)×1000
[ Water-through test ]
In order to reduce the pressure loss caused by the fine powder, 2.0g of activated carbon having a particle diameter of 53 to 180 μm was packed in a column (diameter: 15 mm), and a water-passing test was performed in accordance with JIS S3201 (2010: household water purifier test method). Specifically, raw water having a chloroform concentration adjusted to 0.06mg/L was stirred at a Space Velocity (SV) of 500 hours -1 Through the column. The chloroform concentration before and after passing through the column was quantitatively determined by headspace gas chromatography. The penetration point was set to 20% of the chloroform concentration of the effluent water of the column inflow water, and the chloroform flow rate at the time of reaching the penetration point was calculated (= [ total filtration water amount (L) to the penetration point)/activated carbon mass (g)]) As a filtration property. The headspace gas chromatograph sample injector was a TurboMatrixHS manufactured by PerkinElmer corporation, and the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer was a QP2010 manufactured by shimadzu corporation.
[ balance test ]
Chloroform (CHCl) 3 ) After 0.5g was diluted with 50mL of methanol, the mixture was further diluted 10-fold with methanol to prepare a test stock solution. The test stock solution was diluted with 2mL of pure water to prepare a chloroform solution having a concentration of 2 mg/L. A brown flask having a capacity of 100mL was charged with a stirrer and a prescribed amount of activated carbon having a particle diameter of 180 μm or less in each test (the amount of activated carbon in each test was 0.013g:0.026g:0.065g:0.130g:0.260 g), and then the flask was filled with a chloroform solution, sealed with a Teflon (registered trademark) grease-coated glass plug, and fixed with a clip. The mass of the flask before and after the water injection was measured, and the mass of the chloroform solution in the flask was calculated. Then, the flask was placed in a constant temperature bath maintained at 20℃and stirred for 14 hours using a magnetic stirrer. After stirring, the activated carbon and the solution in the conical flask were filtered by a syringe filter, and the resulting filtrate was subjected to headspace gas chromatography to obtain chloroform as in the water-passing testAn adsorption isotherm was prepared from the equilibrium concentration (mg/L) and the equilibrium adsorption amount (mg/g) per 1g of activated carbon obtained by dividing the mass of activated carbon used, and the equilibrium adsorption amount at the equilibrium concentration of 0.06mg/L was calculated as the adsorption amount to chloroform. The results are shown in the column of the "equilibrium adsorption amount (mg/g)" of the table. The adsorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the equilibrium concentration and equilibrium adsorption amount of the activated carbon at the predetermined amount, and calculating the equilibrium adsorption amount at the equilibrium concentration from the result of the measurement.
[ Table 1]
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, it was found that the macropore volume of 1 to 10 μm of the low-density carbide from the low-density paper phenolic resin laminate (examples 1 to 6) was significantly increased compared with the high-density carbide from the high-density paper phenolic resin laminate (comparative examples 1 to 4). Further, as shown in table 1, the activated carbons of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were compared with each other, and no clear difference was observed in the physical structure such as the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter, but significant effects were obtained in the water passage test results shown in fig. 3 and the balance test results shown in fig. 4. Therefore, it is also known from the results that the difference in physical structure of activated carbon occurs due to the density of the paper phenol resin laminate as a carbon raw material, which effectively plays a role in improving water adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance.
Examples 1 and 4 were activated carbon with or without heat treatment after activation treatment. The specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of the activated carbon were substantially the same, and no difference was found in the physical structure based on the same. However, the activated carbon of example 4 subjected to the heat treatment showed more excellent water-through adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance, and it was found that the reduction of the amount of the acidic functional group by the heat treatment contributed to the improvement of the adsorption performance.
The activated carbon derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate (examples 4 and 5) showed a tendency to increase in specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter, and further significantly improved in water-through adsorption performance and equilibrium adsorption performance, as compared with the activated carbon derived from the high-density paper phenol resin laminate (comparative examples 1 and 2), although the activated carbon of example 4 and comparative examples 1, 5 and 2 were under the same activation conditions. From the results, it was found that the activated carbon derived from the low-density paper phenol resin laminate had a physical structure effective for improving the adsorption performance even when the activation treatment was performed under the same conditions.
Claims (6)
1. An activated carbon having a BET specific surface area of 650m 2 Above/g 1250m 2 The total pore volume is 0.25cm and less than/g 3 The average pore diameter is 1.8nm to 4.0nm, and the chloroform water flux in the water-passing test method is 71L/g to,
the water-through test method comprises the following steps: the test water was passed through a column packed with 2.0g of activated carbon having a particle diameter of 53 to 180. Mu.m, the chloroform concentration before and after passing through the column was measured, and the chloroform flow rate L/g per 1g of activated carbon was obtained from the total filtration water flow rate L to the penetration point as the chloroform flow rate,
test water: distilled water with chloroform concentration of 0.06mg/L
Space velocity SV:500h -1
Chloroform concentration measurement method: headspace gas chromatograph
Penetration point: the concentration of chloroform in the column-outflow water exceeds 20% relative to the column-inflow water,
the density of the activated carbon is 1.3g/cm 3 An activated carbon obtained by carbonizing the following paper phenol resin laminate and then subjecting the carbonized paper phenol resin laminate to a gas activation treatment, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500-1000 ℃ and the carbonizing time is 10 minutes-10 hours; the activating gas is water vapor, air, carbon dioxide, oxygen or their mixture, the temperature of the gas is 400-1300 deg.C, and the heating and maintaining time is 0.1-7.5 hr.
2. The activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein the chloroform balance adsorption amount in the following balance test method is 4.5mg/g or more,
the balance test method comprises the following steps: a100 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing the following predetermined amounts of activated carbon and stirrer was filled with a chloroform solution, sealed, stirred at 20℃for 14 hours, and the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask were filtered, and the equilibrium concentration mg/L of chloroform and the equilibrium adsorption amount mg/g of chloroform per 1g of activated carbon were obtained as the filtrate by the chloroform concentration measurement method, and adsorption isotherms were prepared as equilibrium adsorption amounts mg/g at an equilibrium concentration of 0.06mg/L,
test solution: chloroform solution with concentration of 0.06mg/L
Quality of the conical flask: determination of the quality of Erlenmeyer flask before and after filling with chloroform solution
Particle size of activated carbon: particle size of 180 μm or less
Amount of activated carbon in each test: 0.013g, 0.026g, 0.065g, 0.130g, 0.260g
Adsorption isotherm: the equilibrium concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount are measured at predetermined amounts of the activated carbon, and the adsorption isotherm is prepared based on the result.
3. A preparation method of active carbon is characterized in that the density is 1.3g/cm 3 Carbonizing the paper phenolic resin laminate, and then performing gas activation treatment, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 500-1000 ℃ and the carbonizing time is 10 minutes-10 hours; the activating gas is water vapor, air, carbon dioxide, oxygen or their mixture, the temperature of the gas is 400-1300 deg.C, and the heating and maintaining time is 0.1-7.5 hr.
4. The method for producing an activated carbon according to claim 3, wherein at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a washing treatment, a drying treatment, a pulverizing treatment, and a heating treatment is performed after the gas activation treatment.
5. The method for producing an activated carbon according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the carbide of the paper phenol resin laminate obtained by the carbonization treatment has a pore diameter of 1-Pore volume of 10 μm is 0.15cm 3 And/g.
6. An activated carbon for water purifier, which is obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 3 to 5.
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- 2018-09-28 WO PCT/JP2018/036346 patent/WO2020065930A1/en active Application Filing
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| JP2002161439A (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-06-04 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Low-pressure loss and nonwoven fabric-style activated carbon fiber and method for producing the same |
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| KR102576958B1 (en) | 2023-09-11 |
| KR20210058742A (en) | 2021-05-24 |
| CN111247097A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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