CN111238419B - Detection device and detection method for flatness of sliding valve pair of brake valve - Google Patents
Detection device and detection method for flatness of sliding valve pair of brake valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN111238419B CN111238419B CN202010065592.0A CN202010065592A CN111238419B CN 111238419 B CN111238419 B CN 111238419B CN 202010065592 A CN202010065592 A CN 202010065592A CN 111238419 B CN111238419 B CN 111238419B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2441—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting flatness of a sliding valve pair of a brake valve. Wherein, the detection device of the vice plane degree of brake valve spool includes: a first light source; an interference collector; the light beam emitted by the first light source is divided into a reflected reference light beam and a transmitted detection light beam when passing through the first polarizer, the detection light beam passes through the first polarizer, is reflected by a workpiece to be detected, then reversely irradiates the first polarizer, and is reflected by the first polarizer to enter the interference collector; the reference beam reflects to the reflector and reversely passes through the first polarizer to irradiate the interference collector under at least one reflection of the reflector, and the detection beam and the reference beam form an interference image on the interference collector; and the display equipment is connected with the interference collector and displays the interference image. The invention solves the problem that the flatness of the brake valve slide valve pair cannot be effectively detected in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brake valves, in particular to a device and a method for detecting flatness of a slide valve pair of a brake valve.
Background
The brake valve is a core component of the brake system. The heart of the brake valve adopting the slide valve mechanism is a slide valve pair, namely a slide valve and a slide valve seat matching pair of a main valve body, and a check valve and a slide valve matching pair (collectively called as a slide valve pair). 3 parts and 4 matching surfaces are adopted, and each matching surface is ground, so that the flatness is required to reach 6 micrometers, and the surface roughness reaches Ra0.2 micrometers. The processing quality of the 4 surfaces directly influences the sealing performance of each matching pair, and once the sealing fails, the ventilation holes may leak outwards or cross wind mutually, so that the failure of braking and relieving is caused. At present, the quality (flatness and roughness) of each polished surface is judged mainly by the experience of an operator without an effective detection means, and quantification means and indexes are lacked. Therefore, a reliable detection process and equipment for detecting the real object in the production field are urgently needed to be developed.
The currently common flatness detection methods include the following two methods:
taking points by a special detector for detection: a similar method to three-coordinate point detection is used. The detection principle is that a certain number of precise pneumatic gauges are arranged on a standard plane flat plate, after the flat plate is closely attached to a workpiece, the gap between the point and the standard flat plate is detected by the pneumatic gauges, so that the height difference between the point and the standard flat plate of the workpiece is obtained, and then the workpiece is fitted into a virtual plane by a computer, so that the error of the flatness of the workpiece is quantified. According to the action principle of the slide valve pair, mechanical sealing is realized no matter which two surfaces are closely attached, not only can holes of a sealing surface not leak outwards, but also air can not cross between the holes, and therefore the flatness of the whole surface of a workpiece fitting surface is required to meet the index of technical requirements. Partial recession at any one point can cause seal failure. The detection method is only to measure at a local point, cannot sufficiently reflect the actual state of the whole matching surface, and is not suitable for slide valve pair detection.
Indirect detection method: the method adopts a functional detection mode, a plane to be detected is closely attached to a standard plane, a hole on a workpiece is sealed and then vacuumized, the sealing degree of the plane to be detected and the standard plane to be detected is judged according to the vacuum degree, and the flatness of the plane to be detected is indirectly evaluated. Because the method belongs to an indirect evaluation method, the flatness index of the workpiece cannot be detected, and the repeated precision of detection is not high
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the flatness of a brake valve slide valve pair, which aim to solve the problem that the flatness of the brake valve slide valve pair cannot be effectively detected in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a brake valve spool valve secondary flatness detecting apparatus comprising: a first light source; an interference collector; the first polarizer is positioned between the first light source and the workpiece to be detected, light beams emitted by the first light source are divided into reflected reference light beams and transmitted detection light beams when passing through the first polarizer, the detection light beams penetrate through the first polarizer and then irradiate on the workpiece to be detected, the detection light beams are reflected by the workpiece to be detected and then reversely irradiate on one side of the first polarizer, which is far away from the first light source, and the detection light beams are reflected by the first polarizer and then enter the interference collector; the reference beam reflects to the reflector and reversely penetrates through the first polarizer to irradiate the interference collector under at least one reflection of the reflector, and the detection beam and the reference beam form an interference image on the interference collector; and the display equipment is connected with the interference collector and displays the interference image.
Further, the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the first light source is 500 to 760nm, and the first light source adopts a laser light source.
Further, the first light source emits a light beam having a wavelength of 635 nm.
Furthermore, the detection device further comprises an adjusting platform, the adjusting platform is located on one side, away from the first light source, of the first polarizer, the workpiece to be detected is placed on the adjusting platform, and the inclination degree of the working surface of the adjusting platform can be adjusted.
Further, the detection device further comprises: the second polarizer is arranged on one side of the first polarizer, which is far away from the reflector, and the detection light beam reflected by the first polarizer and the reference light beam reflected by the reflector irradiate on the second polarizer and are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam, and the reflected light beam or the transmitted light beam is shot into the interference collector and forms an interference image; and the adjusting collector is arranged on one side of the first polaroid, which is far away from the reflector, and is connected with the display equipment, the transmitted light beam or the reflected light beam is emitted into the adjusting collector and forms a light spot, and the relative position between the light spot formed by the detection light beam and the light spot formed by the reference light beam is changed along with the inclination degree of the working surface of the adjusting platform.
Furthermore, the detection device also comprises a lens, the lens is positioned between the first light source and the first polarizer, and the light beam emitted by the first light source passes through the lens and then irradiates the first polarizer.
Further, the detection device further comprises: a second light source; and the optical beam emitted by the second light source irradiates on the workpiece to be detected through the surface of the optical flat and forms an interference image.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting flatness of a spool valve of a brake valve, comprising: opening a first light source, dividing a light beam emitted by the first light source into a reflected reference light beam and a transmitted detection light beam when the light beam passes through a first polaroid, irradiating the detection light beam on a workpiece to be detected after the detection light beam passes through the first polaroid, reversely irradiating the detection light beam on one side of the first polaroid, which is far away from the first light source, and injecting the detection light beam into an interference collector under the reflection of the first polaroid, reflecting the reference light beam onto a reflector, reversely penetrating the first polaroid to irradiate the interference collector under at least one reflection of the reflector, forming an interference image on the interference collector by the detection light beam and the reference light beam, and displaying the interference image by display equipment; and judging whether the flatness of the surface of the workpiece to be detected meets the requirement or not according to the interference image displayed by the display equipment, wherein when the interference fringes of the interference image are parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece to be detected meets the requirement, and when the interference fringes do not exist in the interference image or the interference fringes are not parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece to be detected does not meet the requirement.
The detection method further comprises a leveling operation after the first light source is turned on and before the flatness of the surface of the workpiece to be detected is judged, wherein the leveling operation comprises the steps that the detection light beam reflected by the first polaroid and the reference light beam reflected by the reflector are irradiated on the second polaroid and are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam, the transmitted light beam or the reflected light beam is irradiated into the adjustment collector and forms a light spot, and the working surface of the adjustment platform is adjusted so that the light spot formed by the detection light beam and the light spot formed by the reference light beam coincide.
Furthermore, the detection method also comprises the steps of extending the flat crystal into the hole of the workpiece to be detected, turning on the second light source, irradiating the light beam emitted by the second light source on the workpiece to be detected through the flat crystal surface to form an interference image, and judging the flatness of the side wall of the hole of the workpiece to be detected according to the interference image on the flat crystal surface.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the first polarizer can reflect and transmit light beams emitted by the first light source, wherein the reflected part is a reference light beam, the part which transmits through the first polarizer is a detection light beam, the detection light beam can irradiate the workpiece to be detected and then is reflected by the surface of the workpiece to be detected for 180 degrees, so that the detection light beam reversely irradiates the first polarizer along the direction of irradiating the workpiece to be detected again, and turns 90 degrees under the reflection of the first polarizer, thereby being irradiated into the interference collector, meanwhile, the reference light beam irradiates the reflector through the reflection of the first polarizer, at least one reflection is carried out on the reflector, finally, the reference light beam reversely irradiates the first polarizer along the direction of irradiating the reflector again, and at the moment, the reference light beam and the detection light beam are parallel to each other, the reference beam transmits through the first polarizer and is shot into the interference collector, so that the reference beam and the detection beam form interference fringes, and whether the flatness of the surface of the workpiece to be detected meets the requirement can be judged according to the interference fringes. Above-mentioned mode of setting is because the light beam of first light source can shine on the whole surface of work piece to be measured, therefore once detect just can detect whole surface of work piece to be measured is whole, avoid the local detection error that gets the point and measure and cause, it is more comprehensive to detect, guarantee that the flatness homoenergetic of the whole surface of work piece to be measured can satisfy the requirement, and utilize the equal thickness of light to interfere as the rationale, the plane degree on surface is judged to the interference fringe that produces through the interference of two light beams, make the testing result more accurate reliable, and device simple structure, low in cost, easy to maintain operation, detection method convenient operation, easy field execution.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a brake valve spool secondary flatness detection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the detecting device of FIG. 1 before a leveling operation is performed;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of the detection device in fig. 2 after a leveling operation.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a first light source; 11. a reference beam; 12. detecting the light beam; 20. an interference collector; 30. a first polarizer; 40. a reflective mirror; 50. a display device; 60. adjusting the platform; 70. a second polarizer; 80. adjusting the collector; 90. a lens; 100. and (5) a workpiece to be detected.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the present invention, unless specified to the contrary, use of the terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" or the like, generally refer to the orientation as shown in the drawings, or to the component itself in a vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational orientation; likewise, for ease of understanding and description, "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the components themselves, but the above directional words are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting flatness of a brake valve sliding valve pair, and aims to solve the problem that flatness of the brake valve sliding valve pair cannot be effectively detected in the prior art.
The detection device for detecting the flatness of the sliding valve pair of the brake valve as shown in fig. 1 comprises a first light source 10, an interference collector 20, a first polarizer 30, a reflective mirror 40 and a display device 50, wherein the first polarizer 30 is located between the first light source 10 and a workpiece 100 to be detected, a light beam emitted by the first light source 10 is divided into a reflected reference light beam 11 and a transmitted detection light beam 12 when passing through the first polarizer 30, the detection light beam 12 passes through the first polarizer 30 and then irradiates on the workpiece 100 to be detected, the detection light beam 12 is reflected by the workpiece 100 to be detected and then reversely irradiates on one side of the first polarizer 30, which is far away from the first light source 10, and the detection light beam enters the interference collector 20 under the reflection of the first polarizer 30; the reflector 40 is positioned on one side of the first polarizer 30 far away from the interference collector 20, the reference beam 11 is reflected onto the reflector 40 and is irradiated onto the interference collector 20 through the first polarizer 30 in a reverse direction under at least one reflection of the reflector 40, and the detection beam 12 and the reference beam 11 form an interference image on the interference collector 20; the display device 50 is connected to the interference grabber 20 and displays the interference image.
In the embodiment, by providing the first polarizer 30 and the reflective mirror 40, the first polarizer 30 can reflect and transmit the light beam emitted by the first light source 10, wherein the reflected portion is the reference light beam 11, the portion transmitted through the first polarizer 30 is the detection light beam 12, the detection light beam 12 irradiates onto the workpiece 100 to be measured and is then reflected by 180 degrees by the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured, so that the detection light beam 12 irradiates onto the first polarizer 30 again in the reverse direction along the direction of irradiating onto the workpiece 100 to be measured, and turns 90 degrees under the reflection of the first polarizer 30 to irradiate into the interference collector 20, meanwhile, the reference light beam 11 reflects 90 degrees through the first polarizer 30 to irradiate onto the reflective mirror 40, performs at least one reflection on the reflective mirror 40, and finally irradiates onto the first polarizer 30 again in the reverse direction of irradiating onto the reflective mirror 40, at this time, the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12 are parallel to each other, and the reference beam 11 transmits through the first polarizer 30 and enters the interference collector 20, so that the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12 form interference fringes, and whether the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured meets the requirement can be determined according to the interference fringes. Above-mentioned mode of setting is because the light beam of first light source 10 can shine on the whole surface of work piece 100 that awaits measuring, therefore once detect just can detect whole surface of work piece 100 that awaits measuring entirely, avoid the detection error that local point of getting measures and cause, it is more comprehensive to detect, guarantee that the flatness homoenergetic of the whole surface of work piece 100 that awaits measuring can satisfy the demands, and utilize the equal thickness of light to interfere as the rationale, the flatness on surface is judged to the interference fringe that produces through the interference of two light beams, make the testing result more accurate reliable, and device simple structure, low in cost, easy maintenance operation, detection method convenient operation, easy field execution.
In the present embodiment, the light beam emitted by the first light source 10 is a monochromatic parallel light, and the wavelength of the light beam is 500 to 760nm, and the first light source 10 adopts a laser light source with a long coherent length, so as to meet the requirement of detecting the flatness of the slide valve pair.
Preferably, the first light source 10 emits a light beam having a wavelength of 635 nm.
The detection principle of the detection device of the embodiment is as follows:
when the optical path difference Δ of the two light beams is equal to an integral multiple of the wavelengths λ, 2 λ, 3 λ … …, the vibration cycles of the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12 are the same, and mutually strengthen to form the center of the bright stripe. When Δ is equal to an odd multiple of the half-wave length of λ/2, 3 λ/2, 5 λ/2 … …, the vibration cycles of the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12 are opposite to each other, and cancel each other out to form the center of the dark fringe. This alternating light and dark variation in light intensity forms alternating light and dark interference fringes. Thus, it can be seen that:
the corresponding optical path difference delta between two adjacent light or dark stripes is always lambda/2. If the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured is flat, the interference fringes are parallel straight lines, and the number of the fringes is irrelevant to the flatness. If the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured is slightly uneven, the interference fringes will be curved. If the distance between adjacent interference fringes is measured as a and the bending amount of the interference fringes is measured as b, the flatness F is:
if the interference fringe is in a circle shape, b is a:
where F is the flatness of the surface to be detected, a is the interference fringe pitch, b is the maximum bending amount of the interference fringe passing through the diameter, and λ is the wavelength of the light wave of the light source used.
When the surface of the workpiece 100 to be detected is an absolute plane, a certain optical path difference Δ exists between the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12, and the interference collector 20 detects a stable interference image; when the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured is not flat, the optical path difference Δ generated at different positions on the plane changes, and the interference image which is distorted is detected by the interference collector 20. The interference image is collected in the display device 50, and the flatness can be judged according to the displayed fringe image.
In this embodiment, the detecting apparatus further includes a tuning platform 60, the tuning platform 60 is located on a side of the first polarizer 30 away from the first light source 10, the workpiece 100 to be measured is placed on a working surface of the tuning platform 60, and a tilting degree of the working surface of the tuning platform 60 can be adjusted. The detection device of the embodiment is wholly vertically arranged, the adjusting platform 60 is placed on a plane, initial leveling can be performed on the detection device by adjusting the inclination degree of the working surface of the adjusting platform 60, so that the accuracy of interference images acquired subsequently is ensured, the inclined first polarizer 30 is arranged above the adjusting platform 60, the first light source 10 is arranged above the first polarizer 30, the reflector 40 is vertically arranged on one transverse side of the first polarizer 30, and the interference collector 20 is arranged on the other transverse side of the first polarizer 30, so that the reflection and transmission of the detection light beams 12 and the reference light beams 11 can be realized.
The components which are matched with the adjusting platform 60 for leveling are a second polarizer 70 and an adjusting collector 80, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the second polarizer 70 is obliquely arranged on the side of the first polarizer 30 away from the reflective mirror 40, and the detection beam 12 reflected by the first polarizer 30 and the reference beam 11 reflected by the reflective mirror 40 are irradiated on the second polarizer 70 and are divided into a reflected beam and a transmitted beam, and the reflected beam or the transmitted beam is shot into the interference collector 20; the modulation collector 80 is also disposed on a side of the first polarizer 30 away from the reflective mirror 40 and connected to the display device 50, such that the second polarizer 70, the interference collector 20 and the modulation collector 80 are all located on the same side of the first polarizer 30, except that the interference collector 20 and the modulation collector 80 are located at different positions relative to the second polarizer 70 and are located on a reflection path and a transmission path of the second polarizer 70, respectively, such that the reference beam 11 and the detection beam 12 passing through the second polarizer 70 are divided into two parts, namely a reflected beam and a transmitted beam, wherein the reflected beam is deflected by 90 degrees and enters the interference collector 20 to form an interference image, and the transmitted beam passes through the second polarizer 70 and enters the modulation collector 80, of course, the collectors into which the transmitted beam and the reflected beam enter may be interchanged. The transmitted light beams entering the adjusting collector 80 form light spots on the adjusting collector 80, two light spots are formed due to the two light beams of the detection light beam 12 and the reference light beam 11, the relative position between the two light spots can be changed by adjusting the inclination degree of the adjusting platform 60, when the two light spots are overlapped, the leveling is finished, and then the interference image can be read from the interference collector 20 to judge the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured.
Optionally, the detecting device further includes a lens 90, the lens 90 is located between the first light source 10 and the first polarizer 30, and the light beam emitted from the first light source 10 passes through the lens 90 and then irradiates the first polarizer 30. The lens 90 is generally a convex lens, and can expand the range of the light beam emitted by the light source, so as to be beneficial to the light beam to irradiate the whole surface of the workpiece 100 to be detected, and ensure the detection effect.
The detection mode is mainly directed at the surface of the outer side of the workpiece to be detected 100, for the surface in the hole of the workpiece to be detected 100, the detection mode is difficult to be performed due to the size limitation of the hole, in order to solve the problem, the detection device further comprises a second light source and a flat crystal, the flat crystal can extend into the hole of the workpiece to be detected 100, parallel light emitted by the second light source generates interference fringes after being reflected on the upper surface and the lower surface of an extremely thin air film between the working surface of the flat crystal and the surface of the workpiece to be detected 100, each interference fringe forms an interference image, the flatness of the inner surface of the hole can be judged according to the interference image, the specific judgment principle and the judgment mode are completely the same as the judgment principle and the judgment mode of the interference image collected by the interference collector 20, thus, the flatness detection can be performed on all the surfaces of the workpiece to be detected 100 by matching with the interference image collected by the interference collector 20, the comprehensiveness of the detection is ensured.
The embodiment also provides a method for detecting the flatness of the sliding valve pair of the brake valve, which uses the above-mentioned detection device to detect the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be detected, wherein the detection method includes turning on the first light source 10, splitting the light beam emitted by the first light source 10 into a reflected reference light beam 11 and a transmitted detection light beam 12 when passing through the first polarizer 30, irradiating the detection light beam 12 on the workpiece 100 to be detected after passing through the first polarizer 30, irradiating the detection light beam 12 on the side of the first polarizer 30 away from the first light source 10 after being reflected by the workpiece 100 to be detected, and injecting the detection light beam into the interference collector 20 under the reflection of the first polarizer 30, reflecting the reference light beam 11 onto the reflector 40, irradiating the interference collector 20 under at least one reflection of the reflector 40 against the first polarizer 30, forming an interference image on the interference collector 20 by the detection light beam 12 and the reference light beam 11, the display device 50 displays the interference image; whether the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be measured meets the requirement is judged according to the interference image displayed by the display device 50, when the interference fringes of the interference image are parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece 100 to be measured meets the requirement, and when the interference fringes do not exist in the interference image or the interference fringes are not parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece 100 to be measured does not meet the requirement.
The detection method further comprises a leveling operation after the first light source 10 is turned on and before the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be detected is judged, the leveling operation comprises that the detection light beam 12 reflected by the first polarizer 30 and the reference light beam 11 reflected by the reflector 40 are irradiated on the second polarizer 70 and are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam, the transmitted light beam or the reflected light beam is irradiated into the adjusting collector 80 and forms a light spot, the working surface of the adjusting platform 60 is adjusted, so that the light spot formed by the detection light beam 12 and the light spot formed by the reference light beam 11 coincide, the leveling is finished, and then the flatness of the surface of the workpiece 100 to be detected can be judged through an interference image of the interference collector 20.
All or most of the surfaces of the workpiece 100 to be detected can be detected by repeating the above process, and if the workpiece 100 to be detected is provided with holes and the inner surfaces of the holes need to be detected, the following process can be added on the basis of the above detection method: the flat crystal is stretched into the hole of the workpiece 100 to be measured, the second light source is turned on, light beams emitted by the second light source irradiate on the workpiece 100 to be measured through the flat crystal surface and form an interference image, and the flatness of the hole side wall of the workpiece 100 to be measured is judged according to the interference image of the flat crystal surface. Therefore, the inner surface of the hole can be detected, and the integrity of detection is ensured.
For example, when a spool valve or a check valve is detected, the number of detection surfaces is 3: the bottom surface, the back surface and the check valve surface of the slide valve can be detected by directly adopting a first light source 10 through a first polaroid 30, a reflector 40 and the like, wherein the first light source 10 adopts an LD diode laser with the wavelength of 635 nm. However, when the slide valve seat surface of the main valve body is detected, the first light source 10 cannot directly irradiate the slide valve seat surface due to space restriction, and therefore, the detection is performed by using a flat crystal. During detection, the working surface of the special rectangular plane flat crystal with the level 1 precision is placed on the surface of the slide valve seat, a low-pressure sodium lamp is adopted as a second light source to irradiate from one side, and the spectrum of the low-pressure sodium lamp is yellow light with two wavelengths which are very close to each other: 588.996nm and 589.593nm, and the interference fringes are observed with the naked eye on the other side, thereby judging the flatness.
According to the technical requirements of workpieces, the flatness requirement is not more than 4 μm. The selected light source wavelength is 635nm and 589nm, and the difference between the heights of two adjacent stripes is half wavelength, namely 317nm and 295 nm. According to the principle of equal-thickness interference, according to typical interference images of several types as judgment standards, high-quality products, qualified products and unqualified products are classified, and accurate numerical values are not required to be obtained, so that the field operation is facilitated. The judgment standards of the bottom surface of the slide valve are as follows:
if the interference fringes are uniformly distributed straight fringes or slightly wavy fringes, the flatness is less than or equal to 2 microns, and the workpiece to be measured 100 is a high-quality product;
the interference fringes are concentric circular fringes, and the number of turns is less than 6, which indicates that the planeness is less than or equal to 2 mu m, and the workpiece to be measured 100 is a high-quality product;
if the interference fringes are concentric circular fringes and the number of turns is 6-12, the flatness is 2-4 mu m, and the workpiece to be measured 100 is a qualified product;
the interference fringes are a plurality of groups of concentric circular fringes, and the number of turns is less than 6, so that the planeness is less than or equal to 2 mu m, and the workpiece to be measured 100 is a high-quality product;
the interference fringes are a plurality of groups of concentric circular fringes, and at least 1 group of circles has 6-12 circles, so that the flatness is 2-4 mu m, and the workpiece to be measured 100 is a qualified product;
if the interference fringes are disordered and discontinuous, the workpiece 100 to be measured is an unqualified product;
if the interference fringes are unclear fringes and have chamfered edges, the workpiece 100 to be measured is an unqualified product;
if no interference fringe is displayed, the workpiece 100 is determined to be a defective product.
It should be noted that, a plurality in the above embodiments means at least two.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
1. the problem that the flatness of a brake valve slide valve pair cannot be effectively detected in the prior art is solved;
2. the whole surface of the workpiece to be detected can be detected completely by one-time detection, so that detection errors caused by local point taking measurement are avoided, the detection is more comprehensive, and the flatness of the whole surface of the workpiece to be detected can meet the requirement;
3. the method uses the equal-thickness interference of light as a basic principle, and judges the surface flatness through interference fringes generated by the interference of two light beams, so that the detection result is more accurate and reliable;
4. the device has simple structure, low cost, easy maintenance and operation, convenient operation of the detection method and easy field execution;
5. the inner surface of the hole with limited space is detected by using the flat crystal, so that the detection application range is wide and the comprehensiveness is high.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only a few, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A brake valve spool valve secondary flatness detection apparatus comprising:
a first light source (10);
an interference harvester (20);
the first polarizer (30) is positioned between the first light source (10) and the workpiece (100) to be detected, a light beam emitted by the first light source (10) is divided into a reflected reference light beam (11) and a transmitted detection light beam (12) when passing through the first polarizer (30), the detection light beam (12) penetrates through the first polarizer (30) and irradiates on the workpiece (100) to be detected, is reflected by the workpiece (100) to be detected and then irradiates on one side, away from the first light source (10), of the first polarizer (30) in a reverse direction, and enters the interference collector (20) under the reflection of the first polarizer (30);
a reflective mirror (40), wherein the reflective mirror (40) is positioned on the side of the first polarizer (30) far away from the interference collector (20), the reference beam (11) is reflected to the reflective mirror (40) and is irradiated onto the interference collector (20) through the first polarizer (30) in a reverse direction under at least one reflection of the reflective mirror (40), and the detection beam (12) and the reference beam (11) form an interference image on the interference collector (20);
the display device (50), the display device (50) is connected with the interference collector (20) and displays the interference image;
the detection device further comprises an adjusting platform (60), the adjusting platform (60) is located on one side, away from the first light source (10), of the first polarizer (30), the workpiece (100) to be detected is placed on the adjusting platform (60), and the inclination degree of the working surface of the adjusting platform (60) can be adjusted;
the detection device further comprises:
a second polarizer (70), wherein the second polarizer (70) is arranged on the side of the first polarizer (30) far away from the reflector (40), and the detection light beam (12) reflected by the first polarizer (30) and the reference light beam (11) reflected by the reflector (40) are irradiated on the second polarizer (70) and are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam, and the reflected light beam or the transmitted light beam is irradiated into the interference collector (20) and forms the interference image;
the adjusting collector (80) is arranged on one side, far away from the reflector (40), of the first polarizer (30) and connected with the display device (50), of the adjusting collector (80), the transmission light beams or the reflection light beams are incident into the adjusting collector (80) and form light spots, and relative positions between the light spots formed by the detection light beams (12) and the light spots formed by the reference light beams (11) are changed along with the inclination degree of the working surface of the adjusting platform (60).
2. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first light source (10) emits a light beam having a wavelength of 500 to 760nm, and the first light source (10) employs a laser light source.
3. A detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first light source (10) emits a light beam having a wavelength of 635 nm.
4. The inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising a lens (90), wherein the lens (90) is located between the first light source (10) and the first polarizer (30), and the light beam emitted from the first light source (10) passes through the lens (90) and then irradiates the first polarizer (30).
5. The detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second light source;
and the flat crystal can extend into the hole of the workpiece (100) to be detected, and the light beam emitted by the second light source irradiates the workpiece (100) to be detected through the surface of the flat crystal and forms an interference image.
6. A method of detecting flatness of a spool valve spool assembly, comprising:
turning on a first light source (10), dividing a light beam emitted by the first light source (10) into a reflected reference light beam (11) and a transmitted detection light beam (12) when passing through a first polarizer (30), wherein the detection light beam (12) passes through the first polarizer (30) and then irradiates on a workpiece to be detected (100), is reflected by the workpiece to be detected (100) and then reversely irradiates on one side of the first polarizer (30) departing from the first light source (10), and enters an interference collector (20) under the reflection of the first polarizer (30), the reference light beam (11) is reflected to a reflector (40), and reversely passes through the first polarizer (30) and irradiates on the interference collector (20) under at least one reflection of the reflector (40), and the detection light beam (12) and the reference light beam (11) form an interference image on the interference collector (20), the display device (50) displays the interference image;
judging whether the flatness of the surface of the workpiece (100) to be detected meets the requirement or not according to the interference image displayed by the display equipment (50), wherein when the interference fringes of the interference image are parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece (100) to be detected meets the requirement, and when the interference image does not have the interference fringes or the interference fringes are not parallel to each other, the flatness of the workpiece (100) to be detected does not meet the requirement;
the detection method further comprises a leveling operation after the first light source (10) is turned on and before the flatness of the surface of the workpiece to be detected (100) is judged, wherein the leveling operation comprises that a detection light beam (12) reflected by the first polaroid (30) and a reference light beam (11) reflected by the reflector (40) are irradiated on the second polaroid (70) and are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam, the transmitted light beam or the reflected light beam is irradiated into an adjusting collector (80) and forms a light spot, and the working surface of an adjusting platform (60) is adjusted, so that the light spot formed by the detection light beam (12) and the light spot formed by the reference light beam (11) are overlapped.
7. The inspection method according to claim 6, further comprising inserting a flat crystal into the hole of the workpiece (100), turning on a second light source, wherein a light beam emitted by the second light source irradiates the workpiece (100) via the flat crystal surface and forms an interference image, and determining the flatness of the hole sidewall of the workpiece (100) according to the interference image of the flat crystal surface.
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