CN111234223A - 一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法。所述聚酰亚胺树脂,具有如式(I)或式(II)所示结构:该聚酰亚胺树脂及薄膜具有光敏性,可在紫外线的照射下变色,具有直观可视化观测光致改性区域的特点;具有可溶性,可实现其回收利用;为无色透明状,且具有较好的柔性,可用于制备柔性电子设备的电路板;可进行表面图案金属化,并回收其上的镀层中的金属。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚酰亚胺技术领域,具体涉及一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
芳香族聚酰亚胺由于具有良好的热稳定性、力学性能和电性能,被广泛的应用于复合材料、涂料和微电子材料等领域。此外,由于聚酰亚胺具有优异的抗化学腐蚀性和黏附性,已被作为液晶分子的定向剂广泛应用于液晶显示器(1iquid crystal display,LCD)领域。但是常规的聚酰亚胺在许多有机溶剂中不溶解,且具有较高的熔融温度,因此在成型加工方面限制了它的许多应用。大多数聚酰亚胺的制备都是通过聚酰胺酸前驱体在热亚胺化或化学亚胺化的作用下完成。而热亚胺化过程中,加热温度通常在250℃~300℃之间,且伴随着小分子水的放出,当将其用于微电子行业时,容易引起基板材料的破坏·同时,聚酰胺酸的储存稳定性也较差·难以长期保存,且后处理较麻烦。因此,开发能用常规方法加工,且能保持高耐热性和良好机械性能的聚酰亚胺成为具有挑战性的研究课题。
为了解决这些问题,可溶性聚酰亚胺的开发成为近几年研究的热点。许多研究者通过在聚酰亚胺主链中引入柔性基团,脂肪结构,不对称取代基或是大的侧基以及共聚的方法以改善其溶解性能。但是这些方法在提高聚酰亚胺的同时也会导致聚酰亚胺热性能及力学性能的下降。
基于上述背景,本发明采用一种含苯并咪唑结构二胺单体与各种商品化芳香二酐单体制备了一系列含大侧基的新型透明光敏型聚酰亚胺树脂,该类聚酰亚胺树脂不仅保持了传统聚酰亚胺良好的耐热性能(Tg>280℃),同时还具备优异的溶解性,可以在较低的温度(室温~80℃)下加工成型。
发明内容
本发明提供一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺及其制备方法,旨在使得保持其特点不变的前提下,可以在较低的温度(室温~80℃)下加工成型。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺树脂,其特征在于,具有如式(I)所示结构:
优选的,所述聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为200~370℃。
优选的,包括如下步骤:
S1:将二酐单体、以及二元伯胺单体,通过缩聚反应得到主链合羟基或羧基结构的透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA,然后将PAA酰亚胺化得改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA;
S2:将改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂和螺吡喃类光敏分子进行化学接枝反应,即得所述聚酰亚胺树脂。
优选的,,S1的具体过程为:将二酐单体加入到惰性气体保护的极性非质子溶剂中,在0~50℃下,搅拌至完全溶解后,依次加入二元伯胺单体,控制二胺与二酐的摩尔比为1∶1~1.02,在20~60℃下,搅拌反应5~24小时,得到主链合羧基或羟基的透明聚酰胺酸PAA溶液;然后加入吡啶和醋酐,利用化学酰亚胺法使得PAA酰亚胺化,倒入沉淀剂中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥,即得所述改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA;S2的具体过程为:将改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂溶解于非质子极性溶剂中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺DCC催化剂,搅拌2~5小时,再加入螺吡喃类光敏分子,在40~80℃下搅拌反应12~48小时,倒入沉淀剂中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥,即得所述聚酰亚胺树脂。
优选的,,通过权利要求1~4任一所述聚酰亚胺树脂涂膜,烘干得到。
优选的,,所述涂膜的方式为旋涂、刮涂或喷涂;所述涂膜的过程为:将聚酰亚胺树脂溶解于极性非质子溶剂中,涂膜,烘干即得。和传统的成孔方法相比,本技术不需要额外的成孔步骤,简化工艺,降低成本,对环境无污染。
附图说明
图1为发明化学结构图;
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下例实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照本领域常规条件或按照制造厂商建议的条件;所使用的原料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均为可从常规市场等商业途径得到的原料和试剂。本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
实施例1无色透明光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜
本实施例提供一种透明光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜,其制备过程如下。
(1)、称取40mmol的2,2′-二(三氟甲基)二氨基联苯和10mmol的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体加入到带有氮气保护和机械搅拌的三口瓶中,加入150mL的N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺,在干燥氮气和室温条件下搅拌30min,至原料完全溶解;
(2)、称取50mmol的4,4′-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐单体,分4次加入到上述溶液中,最后一次加入量为小于等于前一次的一半;加完后在室温下搅拌15小时以获得聚酰胺酸;
(3)、将8.5mL的乙酸酐、吡啶、三乙胺加入到上述聚酰胺酸中;乙酸酐浓度为0.6mol/L;三乙胺浓度为0.15mol/L;吡啶浓度为0.1mol/L;
(4)、将上述混合物在80℃下加热回流2小时,升温至110℃继续加热回流6小时,得到化学酰亚胺化的改性透明聚酰亚胺;使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试得聚合物的重均分子量Mw为3.49×105(g/mol),数均分子量Mn为2.53×105(g/mol),聚合度为268。
(5)、冷却至室温后将反应混合物倒入过量甲醇中,使混合物与甲醇固液比为1g∶10mL,得到分子主链含有羧基的改性聚酰亚胺沉淀,抽滤,并用去离子水和甲醇充分洗涤,真空干燥备用;
(6)、称取5.5g上述改性聚酰亚胺溶解在N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中配成质量百分浓度为30%的溶液,加入1.5mmolN-羟乙基-3,3-二甲基-6-硝基吲哚啉螺吡喃在室温下搅拌60min,随后加入1.5mmol的DCC和0.15mmol的DMAP,在60℃下继续搅拌反应36小时;
(7)、冷却至室温后将反应混合物倒入过量的去离子水中,使混合物与去离子水的固液比为1g:20mL,得到接枝螺吡喃的光敏聚酰亚胺树脂沉淀,过滤,并用去离子水和甲醇洗涤3次,再用乙醇抽提12~24h,真空干燥备用。
(8)、将上述步骤(7)所得的光敏聚酰亚胺树脂溶解在N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液旋涂在洁净玻璃板上,并在100℃下烘干,起膜,得到透明光敏聚酰亚胺薄膜。
将本实施例中选用的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体替换为2,4-二氨基苯甲酸单体,按相同的条件和步骤可得到光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜,具体地,光敏聚酰亚胺树脂的结构式为:
将本实施例中选用的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体替换为3,4-二氨基苯甲酸单体,按相同的条件和步骤可得到光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜,。
将本实施例中选用的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体替换为2,3-二氨基苯甲酸单体,按相同的条件和步骤可得到光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜。
将本实施例中选用的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体替换为2,6-二氨基苯甲酸单体,按相同的条件和步骤可得到光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜。
将本实施例中选用的3,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体替换为2,5-二氨基苯甲酸单体,按相同的条件和步骤可得到光敏聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜。
在本发明及上述实施例的教导下,本领域技术人员很容易预见到,本发明所列举或例举的各原料或其等同替换物、各加工方法或其等同替换物都能实现本发明,以及各原料和加工方法的参数上下限取值、区间值都能实现本发明,在此不一一列举实施例。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述聚酰亚胺树脂,其特征在于,所述聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为200~370℃。
3.权利要求1~2任一所述聚酰亚胺树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将二酐单体、以及二元伯胺单体,通过缩聚反应得到主链合羟基或羧基结构的透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA,然后将PAA酰亚胺化得改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA;
S2:将改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂和螺吡喃类光敏分子进行化学接枝反应,即得所述聚酰亚胺树脂。
4.根据权利要求7所述制备方法,其特征在于,S1的具体过程为:将二酐单体加入到情性气体保护的极性非质子溶剂中,在0~50℃下,搅拌至完全溶解后,依次加入二元伯胺单体,控制二胺与二酐的摩尔比为1∶1~1.02,在20~60℃下,搅拌反应5~24小时,得到主链含羧基或羟基的透明聚酰胺酸PAA溶液;然后加入吡啶和醋酐,利用化学酰亚胺法使得PAA酰亚胺化,倒入沉淀剂中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥,即得所述改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂PAA;S2的具体过程为:将改性透明聚酰亚胺树脂溶解于非质子极性溶剂中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺DCC催化剂,搅拌2~5小时,再加入螺吡喃类光敏分子,在40~80℃下搅拌反应12~48小时,倒入沉淀剂中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥,即得所述聚酰亚胺树脂。
5.一种新型透明光敏聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,通过权利要求1~4任一所述聚酰亚胺树脂涂膜,烘干得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述涂膜的方式为旋涂、刮涂或喷涂;所述涂膜的过程为:将聚酰亚胺树脂溶解于极性非质子溶剂中,涂膜,烘干即得。
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