CN111233758A - 一种psma抑制剂及其应用和靶向psma的核素成像试剂 - Google Patents
一种psma抑制剂及其应用和靶向psma的核素成像试剂 Download PDFInfo
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- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Substances C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种PSMA抑制剂及其应用,以及一种靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂。
背景技术
前列腺癌是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在欧美国家发病率常年居于首位。中国前列腺癌发病率虽低于欧美,但随着中国老龄化社会的来临和生活习惯西方化的改变,其发病人群在近年出现了较高增长。与此同时,我国前列腺癌人群里中、高危患者和进展期患者较多,比例明显高于欧美。肿瘤疗效与疾病分期密切相关,致使我国前列腺死亡率目前仍处于全球高位水平。随着医学水平的提高,目前仅一小部分前列腺癌是致命癌症(如晚期去势抗性类),因此对癌症的精准分期与监控对优化治疗至关重要。
目前推荐的前列腺癌影像检查包括多参数核磁(multiparametric magneticresonance imaging,mpMRI),CT(computed tomography),核素骨显像(Bone Scan)及PET/CT等。PSMA作为前列腺癌特异性受体,其靶向技术快速发展,成为核医学显像高灵敏度、高特异性的方法之一。PSMA是具有催化功能的膜蛋白,过量表达于前列腺癌与多类肿瘤新生血管,而正常组织的蛋白表达仅少量存在于泪腺、唾液腺、近端肾小管等,这就使PSMA成为高灵敏度、高特异性前列腺癌转移病灶定位显像以及晚期核素靶向治疗的理想生物标志物。
PSMA为具有催化活性的膜蛋白,它的小分子靶向试剂是基于其抑制剂发展而来。目前,临床实验最为成功的一类靶向试剂基于尿素衍生物(urea)结构分子,该抑制剂于2001年首次被报道,并在2002年率先由美国约翰霍普金斯大学医学院Pomper实验室引入到前列腺癌核医学诊疗方面的研究。目前,已应用于临床核医学诊断的试剂包括18F-DCFBC、18F-DCFPyL、18F-PSMA-1007、68Ga-PSMA-11、68Ga-PSMA-617等,为前列腺癌的精准分期与生化复发病灶的精准定位方面提供了有力的影像学辅助方法。
自2012年后,针对PSMA抑制剂的药学科研开始深入并侧重于代谢动力学、核素选择与优化等临床转化核心问题,多个基于Urea结构的改进型分子被报道,但是真正具有临床应用前景的却寥寥无几。针对靶向PSMA的99mTc核素SPECT核医学显像药物的结构包括三部分:(a)PSMA抑制剂部分,(b)核素部分,(c)共配位部分。每一部分对于靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂的靶点亲和力、体内代谢能力都会产生影响。
因此,如能开发一种新型的具有良好的靶点亲和力和体内代谢能力的靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂,将为前列腺癌病灶的检测提供高效的工具,具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的PSMA抑制剂及其应用,以及一种靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供一种PSMA抑制剂(本发明亦称PSMA靶向配体、HYNIC配体或简称配体),该PSMA抑制剂具有式I所示结构:
其中,A为CH2或-NHCO-。
具体地,该PSMA抑制剂具有式II所示结构(本发明中命名为DXJ63)或式III所示结构(本发明中命名为DXJ102):
本发明的上述PSMA抑制剂均可采用常规有机化学合成方法制备得到。例如,采用图1所示的合成路线制备式II所示结构化合物,以及采用图3所示的合成路线制备式III所示结构化合物。
本发明的第二方面提供上述PSMA抑制剂在制备用于诊断和/或治疗一种或多种表达PSMA的肿瘤或细胞的试剂和/或药物中的应用。
当上述PSMA抑制剂进一步修饰有诊断和/或治疗基团时,所形成的物质可作为相应的诊断和/或治疗的试剂和/或药物。
本发明对所述诊断和治疗的具体形式没有特别限定,这完全取决于所修饰的基团。
根据本发明一种优选实施方式,所述诊断的形式包括光学成像和/或核素成像。其中,所述核素成像进一步优选包括PET成像和/或SPECT成像;
根据本发明一种优选实施方式,所述治疗包括放射性治疗;
本发明中,优选地,所述药物包括化学药物、核酸药物和蛋白药物中的至少一种。所述核酸药物例如为siRNA药物。上述药物的定义和范畴与药物领域常规划分标准一致。
本发明中,所述一种或多种表达PSMA的肿瘤或细胞可以选自由以下组成的组:原位的前列腺肿瘤或细胞、转移的前列腺肿瘤或细胞、肺肿瘤或细胞、肾肿瘤或细胞、肝脏肿瘤或细胞、成胶质细胞瘤、胰腺肿瘤或细胞、膀胱肿瘤或细胞、肉瘤、黑素瘤、乳腺肿瘤或细胞、结肠肿瘤或细胞、生殖细胞、嗜铬细胞瘤、食管肿瘤或细胞、胃肿瘤或细胞。
本发明所述一种或多种表达PSMA的肿瘤或细胞可以是体外的或体内的。
本发明的第三方面提供一种靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂(本发明亦称配合物),所述靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂由所述PSMA抑制剂与乙二胺-N,N’-二乙酸对99mTc共配位得到。
具体地,本发明的第四方面提供一种靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂,所述靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂具有式IV所示结构:
其中,A为CH2或-NHCO-。
具体地,所述靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂具有式V所示结构或式VI所示的结构:
本发明的上述靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂可通过上述相应PSMA抑制剂经99mTc标记制得,所述99mTc标记可采用如下方法:将Tricine(N-三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸)的琥珀酸缓冲液置于青霉素小瓶中,加入相应PSMA抑制剂作为配体混合,然后加入氯化亚锡水溶液,摇匀后加入新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液,最后加入EDDA(乙二胺-N,N’-二乙酸)溶液,压盖后注射器抽真空,反应即得(根据文献Chem Rev,1999,99(9):2235-2268,配合物结构如式IV、式V、式VI)。
本发明采用EDDA作为共配体制得的靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂具有良好的PSMA靶向性和亲和力;在生理盐水和小鼠血清中均具有很高的稳定性;同时具有较高的细胞摄取量和良好的代谢性能。因此,在靶向PSMA的肿瘤显像中具有良好的临床应用前景。此外,本发明的99mTc标记方法简便快捷,具有很高的标记率。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
通过结合附图对本发明示例性实施方式进行更详细的描述,本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优势将变得更加明显。
图1-1示出了单聚体ODAP-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ63)的合成路线。
图1-2为单聚体ODAP-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ63)的质谱图。
图2-1示出了二聚体ODAP-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ89)的合成路线。
图2-2至图2-4分别为DXJ85、DXJ88、DXJ89的质谱图。
图3-1示出了单聚体GLU-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ102)的合成路线。
图3-2为DXJ102的质谱图。
图4-1示出了二聚体GLU-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ100)的合成路线。
图4-2为DXJ100的质谱图。
图5A-5C示出了放射性配合物在LNCaP细胞上的摄取实验结果。
图6示出了四种配合物在LNCaP细胞上对PSMA蛋白的饱和曲线。
图7A-7I示出了各配合物在荷肿瘤裸鼠中的显像与生物分布。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然以下描述了本发明的优选实施方式,然而应该理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。
实施例1
本实施例用于说明单聚体ODAP-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ63)的合成与表征,合成路线如图1-1所示:
DXJ46参考本实验室授权专利CN201910108684X制备,过程如下:将草酰氯(1.0g,7.88mmol)溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,冰浴下缓慢滴加15mL溶有叔丁醇(584mg,7.88mmol)的二氯甲烷,氮气保护下室温反应24小时,减压除去溶剂得到无色油状物。取(s)-3-氨基-2-羰基氨基丙酸叔丁酯(1.0g,3.40mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,加入三乙胺(1.38g,13.61mmol),冰浴下加入上一步无色产物(1.29g,7.88mmol),室温反应6小时,减压除去溶剂,剩余物经硅胶柱纯化得到无色油状物(S)-tert-butyl 2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoacetamido)propanoate。取上步产物(1.0g,2.37mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(15mL)和乙醇(10mL)混合溶剂中,加入10%钯碳(20mg),氢气条件下室温搅拌10小时,反应液经硅藻土抽滤后减压得到粗产物,随后经硅胶柱纯化,得无色胶状产物(S)-tert-butyl-2-amino-3-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoacetamido)propanoate(580mg)。取三光气(56mg,0.19mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,冰浴条件下滴加苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(200mg,0.54mmol)和三乙胺(219mg,2.16mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完成后继续冰浴反应2小时,加入脱去苄氧羰基保护后的上步产物(156mg,0.54mmol)和三乙胺(164mg,1.62mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,继续室温反应10小时,反应液减压除去溶剂,经硅胶柱纯化后的白色固体(9S,13S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11,16-trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12,15-tetraazahexadecane-9,13,16-t ricarboxylate(230mg)。取上步白色产物(230mg,0.35mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(15mL)和乙醇(10mL)混合溶剂中,加入10%钯碳(20mg),氢气条件下室温搅拌10小时,反应完成经硅藻土抽滤,减压除去滤液溶剂,得到无色油状粗产物DXJ46。
DXJ45的合成步骤如下:取N-苄氧羰基-3溴乙胺(73.7mg,0.286mmol)和4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(36mg,0.238mmol)溶于10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入碳酸钾(66mg,0.478mmol)后室温搅拌过夜,反应完成减压除去溶剂,剩余经硅胶纯化得白色固体(78mg,Rf=0.45,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2:1)。取氢氧化锂一水合物(20mg,0.48mmol)溶于水(2mL)和四氢呋喃(2mL)的混合溶剂中,加入上一步得到的白色产物(78mg,0.238mmol)后室温下搅拌36小时,反应完成后减压除去溶剂,剩余物溶于10mL水,用盐酸调pH到3-4,加入10mL乙酸乙酯萃取产物,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压除去溶剂得到62mg白色固体产物。取上一步得到的羧酸产物(1.3g,4.12mmol)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(711mg,6.18mmol)和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI,1.6g,8.24mmol)溶于30mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,室温下搅拌过夜,反应液减压除去溶剂,剩余物经硅胶柱纯化后得白色固体产物DXJ45(1.21g,Rf=0.3,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
DXJ56的合成与鉴定参考文献J Label Compd Radiopharm,2017,60:431-438。过程如下:将6-氯烟酸(1.0g,6.35mmol)加入到8mL 80%水合肼中,100℃反应4小时。冷却至室温后,减压浓缩至淡黄色固体。将固体溶解在水中,用浓盐酸调溶液pH到5.5,沉淀物经抽滤、用95%乙醇洗涤后得到780mg淡黄色固体6-肼基吡啶-3-羧酸。取6-肼基吡啶-3-羧酸(2.0g,13.1mmol)溶于20mL DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,溶液中加入三乙胺(3.65mL,26.2mmol)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(2.85g,13.1mmol),室温搅拌过夜。反应液减压除去溶剂,得棕黄色固体,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化后得3.1g白色固体6-BOC-肼基吡啶-3-羧酸(Rf=0.4,乙酸乙酯)。取6-BOC-肼基吡啶-3-羧酸(2.7g,10.67mmol)溶于20mL DMF中,加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(1.47g,13mmol)和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI,4.1g,21mmol),室温搅拌过夜。反应完成后减压除去溶剂,得到的棕色粗产物经硅胶柱纯化的白色固体NHS-HYNIC(DXJ56,2.1g,Rf=0.8,乙酸乙酯)。
DXJ47的合成:
称取化合物DXJ45(184.4mg,0.45mmol)和DXJ46(210mg,0.41mmol)溶于10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入100μL二异丙基乙胺,室温下搅拌过夜,反应完成后减压除去溶剂,剩余物经硅胶柱纯化得白色固体DXJ47(100mg,产率为30%;二氯甲烷/甲醇=10:1,Rf=0.5)。
DXJ62的合成:
取化合物DXJ47(100mg,0.123mmol)溶于20mL甲醇中,加入10%钯碳(10mg),氢气下电磁搅拌反应10小时,反应完成后经硅藻土抽滤,滤液经减压除去溶剂后得到略带黑色的油状物。称取该略带黑色的油状物(50mg,0.074mmol)和DXJ56(31mg,0.088mmol)于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30mL二氯甲烷溶剂和50μL二异丙基乙胺,室温搅拌过夜,反应完成后减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱纯化,得淡黄色固体DXJ62(63mg,产率93.2%;乙酸乙酯,Rf=0.6)。
DXJ63的合成:
称取化合物DXJ62(56mg,0.061mmol)于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(体积比,1:1),室温下反应两小时。减压除去溶剂,经反向色谱纯化,冷冻干燥后得白色固体产物DXJ63(15mg,产率38.1%)。色谱条件:水/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸流动相;C18反向色谱柱,10mm×250mm,4mL/min;梯度条件,0-3min等度10%乙腈/水,3-12min梯度10%-30%乙腈/水,12-12.3min梯度30%-90%乙腈/水,12.3-22.3等度90%乙腈/水,Rt=12.2min)。MS(m/z):647.5(calc.647.2[C27H34N8O11]H+)。质谱图如图1-2所示。
对比例1
本对比例用于说明二聚体ODAP-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ89)的合成与表征,合成路线如图2-1所示:
DXJ72的合成与DXJ45的合成方法类似,过程如下:取N-苄氧羰基-3溴乙胺(1.47g,5.71mmol)和5-羟基间苯二甲酸二甲酯(1.0g,4.76mmol)溶于30mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入碳酸钾(1.3g,9.42mmol)后室温下搅拌过夜,反应完成减压除去溶剂,剩余去经硅胶纯化得白色固体(2.2g,Rf=0.2,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=4:1)。取氢氧化锂一水合物(867mg,20.66mmol)溶于水(50mL)和四氢呋喃(50mL)的混合溶剂中,加入上一步得到的白色产物(2.0g,5.17mmol)后室温下搅拌5小时,反应完成后减压除去大部分溶剂,剩余物溶于50mL水,用盐酸调pH到3-4,加入50mL乙酸乙酯萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压除去溶剂后得到白色固体产物。取上一步得到的羧酸产物(359mg,1.0mmol)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(345mg,3.0mmol)和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI,573mg,3.0mmol)溶于10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,室温下搅拌过夜,反应液减压除去溶剂,剩余物经硅胶柱纯化后得白色固体产物DXJ72(310mg,Rf=0.8,乙酸乙酯)。
DXJ85的合成:
分别准确称取化合物DXJ35(600mg,0.8826mmol)和DXJ72(162.8mg,0.2942mmol)于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入20mL二氯甲烷和过量二异丙基乙胺(150μL),室温搅拌过夜后,用20mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压除去溶剂,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化后,得到淡黄色固体DXJ85(371mg,产率74.9%;二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1,Rf=0.45)。MS(m/z):1704.8(calc.1704.8[C84H119N11O25]Na+)。质谱图如图2-2所示。
DXJ88的合成:
取化合物DXJ85(100mg,0.059mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中,加入20mL甲醇使之溶解,之后加入20mg 10%Pd/C并在H2下室温搅拌过夜。反应完成后经硅藻土抽滤,滤液经减压除去甲醇,得到76mg略带黑色的油状液体。将油状液体和DXJ56(34mg,0.098mmol)溶解到10mL二氯甲烷中,加入过量二异丙基乙胺(100μL),室温搅拌过夜。反应液用10mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压除去溶剂后,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化得到淡黄色固体DXJ88(40mg,产率37.7%;二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1,Rf=0.2)。HRMS(m/z):1783.9036(calc.1783.9040[C87H126N14O26]H+)。质谱图如图2-3所示。
DXJ89的合成:
称取化合物DXJ88(20mg,0.011mmol)于圆底烧瓶中,加入8mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(体积比,1:1),室温下反应两小时,减压除去溶剂,经反向色谱纯化,冷冻干燥后得白色固体DXJ89(2.4mg,产率16.2%)。色谱条件:水/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸流动相;C18反向色谱柱,10mm×250mm,4mL/min;梯度条件,0-5min等度10%乙腈/水,5-17min梯度10%-90%乙腈/水,17-27min等度90%乙腈/水,Rt=12.3min)。HRMS(m/z):1347.4763(calc.1347.4760[C58H70N14O24]H+)。质谱图如图2-4所示。
实施例2
本实施例用于说明单聚体GLU-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ102)的合成与表征,合成路线如图3-1所示:
DXJ49制备与鉴定参考文献J.Am.Chem.Soc.2014,136:18034-18043,过程如下:取L-谷氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(1.0g,3.38mmol)和三乙胺(1.6mL,11.09mmol)加入到30mL二氯甲烷中,随后冷却至-78℃,滴加溶有三光气(341mg,1.15mmol)的10mL二氯甲烷,滴加完成后升至室温,继续搅拌反应30分钟;将苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(757mg,2.03mmol)加入到反应液中,加入三乙胺(283μL,2.03mmol),室温下搅拌过夜;反应完成后加入50mL二氯甲烷进行稀释,100mL水洗两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩,剩余物过柱纯化的无色油状液体(1.3g,Rf=0.6,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。取无色油状产物(210mg,0.34mmol)溶于10mL甲醇中,加入10%钯碳(20mg),氢气下室温搅拌过夜,反应完成后经硅藻土过滤,滤液在减压下浓缩得到略带黑色油状物DXJ49.
DXJ92的合成:
分别称取化合物DXJ45(846mg,2.05mmol)和DXJ49(1000mg,2.05mmol)于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷和过量二异丙基乙胺(200μL),室温搅拌过夜后,用20mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压除去溶剂,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化后,得到无色油状物DXJ92(1.5g,产率93.2%;石油醚/乙酸乙酯1/1,Rf=0.2)。
DXJ101的合成:
称取化合物DXJ92(700mg,0.892mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇使之溶解,之后加入100mg 10%Pd/C,在H2下室温搅拌过夜。反应完成后经硅藻土抽滤,减压除去溶剂,得到479mg略带黑色的油状液体。称取油状液体中间体(180mg,0.276mmol)和DXJ56(106mg,0.304mmol)溶解到10mL二氯甲烷中,加入过量二异丙基乙胺(100μL),室温搅拌过夜。用10mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压除去溶剂,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化,得到白色固体DXJ101(180mg,产率73.6%;二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1,Rf=0.4)。
DXJ102的合成:
称取化合物DXJ101(80mg,0.09mmol)于圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(体积比,1:1),室温下反应两小时,减压除去溶剂,经反向色谱纯化,冷冻干燥后,得白色固体DXJ102(50.9mg,产率91.4%)。色谱条件:水/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸流动相;C18反向色谱柱,10mm×250mm,4mL/min;梯度条件,0-4min等度10%乙腈/水,4-16.2min梯度10%-58%乙腈/水,16.3-23.3min等度90%乙腈/水,Rt=14.7min)。HRMS(m/z):618.2520(calc.618.2518[C27H35N7O10]H+)。质谱图如图3-2所示。
对比例2
本对比例用于说明二聚体GLU-PSMA-HYNIC(DXJ100)的合成与表征,合成路线如图4-1所示:
DXJ97的合成:
称取化合物DXJ92(700mg,0.892mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇使之溶解,之后加入100mg 10%Pd/C,在H2下室温搅拌过夜。反应完成后经硅藻土抽滤,减压除去甲醇,得到479mg略带黑色的油状液体。称取油状液体中间体(300mg,0.461mmol)和DXJ72(82mg,0.154mmol)溶解到20mL二氯甲烷中,加入过量二异丙基乙胺(150μL),室温搅拌过夜,用10mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压去除溶剂,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化得到白色固体DXJ97(258mg,产率约100%,二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1,Rf=0.5)。
DXJ99的合成:
称取化合物DXJ97(140mg,0.086mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中,加入20mL甲醇使之溶解,之后加入20mg 10%Pd/C,在H2下室温搅拌过夜。反应完成后经硅藻土抽滤,减压除去甲醇,得到135mg略带黑色的油状液体。将油状液体和DXJ56(30mg,0.0864mmol)溶解到20mL二氯甲烷中,加入过量二异丙基乙胺(100μL),室温搅拌过夜。用10mL水萃取两次,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压去除溶剂,粗产物经硅胶柱纯化得到白色固体DXJ99(100mg,产率67.6%,二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1,Rf=0.3)。
DXJ100的合成:
称取化合物DXJ99(50mg,0.029mmol)于圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(体积比,1:1),室温下反应两小时,减压除去溶剂,经反向色谱纯化,冷冻干燥后,得白色固体DXJ100(19.9mg,产率53.3%)。色谱条件:水/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸流动相;C18反向色谱柱,10mm×250mm,4mL/min;梯度条件,0-4min等度10%乙腈/水,4-18.5min梯度10%-58%乙腈/水,18.6-25.6min等度90%乙腈/水,Rt=16.4min)。HRMS(m/z):1289.4953(calc.1289.4956[C58H72N12O22]H+)。质谱图如图4-2所示。
实施例3
本实施例用于说明配体的99mTc标记和质控。
1、标记条件的优化和确定
配合物的放射化学纯度使用HPLC(高效液相色谱)测定。液相条件有两种,SystemA使用水/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸作为流动相,System B使用磷酸铵缓冲液/乙腈作为流动相,梯度如表1和表2所示。磷酸铵缓冲液配制方法:取磷酸二氢钾13.61g,加入500mL超纯水溶解后加5mL氨水,用磷酸调pH到4.2,加超纯水稀释至1000mL,摇匀备用。流动相使用前需经过0.22μm滤膜,反向色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5-C18,4.6mm×250mm,流动相流速为1.0mL/min。HPLC系统为Shimadu system CL-20AVP,紫外探测器为SPD-20A UV探测器,放射性探测器为Bioscan flow count 3200 NaI/PMT γ闪烁探测器。
表1鉴定配合物所用的HPLC淋洗梯度(System A)
t/min | A(水0.1%TFA) | B(乙腈0.1%TFA) |
0 | 90% | 10% |
2 | 90% | 10% |
10 | 10% | 90% |
18 | 10% | 90% |
25 | 90% | 10% |
表2鉴定配合物所用的HPLC淋洗梯度(System B)
t/min | A(磷酸铵缓冲液pH=4.2) | B(乙腈) |
0 | 95% | 5% |
2 | 95% | 5% |
10 | 50% | 50% |
18 | 50% | 50% |
25 | 95% | 5% |
最初采用以下条件制备99mTc-EDDA-63:取250μL Tricine(N-三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸,40mg/mL,生理盐水)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL DXJ63(0.1mg/mL,生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,0.1M HCl),加入200μL EDDA(乙二胺-N,N’-二乙酸,40mg/mL,0.2M NaOH),加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。标记率经HPLC测定,使用表1中梯度条件。99mTcO4 -的保留时间为3.683min,99mTc-Tricine的保留时间为2.517min,99mTc-Tricine-EDDA的保留时间2.517min和3.693min,99mTc-EDDA-63的保留时间10.758min,标记率只有46.7%。
优化标记条件:取250μL Tricine(40mg/mL,溶于pH=5.0的30mM琥珀酸缓冲液中)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL DXJ63(0.1mg/mL,生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,0.1M HCl),加入200μL EDDA溶液(40mg/mL,0.2M NaOH),加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。此时标记率达到98.4%,无需进一步纯化。
2、不同配体和不同共配体的标记
本发明采用四种共配体:Tricine、EDDA、Tricine-TPPTS和Tricine-TPPMS。将四种共配体与实施例1-2和对比例1-2的四种配体分别标记,得到十六种配合物。各配合物的制备如下:
配合物99mTc-Tricine-PSMA:取250μL Tricine(40mg/mL,溶于30mM、pH=5.0琥珀酸缓冲液)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL相应配体(100μg/mL,溶于生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,溶于0.1M HCl),摇匀后加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。
配合物99mTc-EDDA-PSMA:取250μL Tricine(40mg/mL,溶于30mM、pH=5.0琥珀酸缓冲液)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL相应配体(100μg/mL,溶于生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,溶于0.1M HCl),摇匀后加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),最后加入200μL EDDA溶液(40mg/mL,溶于0.2M NaOH),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。
配合物99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-PSMA:取250μL tricine(40mg/mL,溶于30mM、pH=5.0琥珀酸缓冲液)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL相应配体(100μg/mL,溶于生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,溶于0.1M HCl),加入100μL TPPTS(三苯基膦三间磺酸钠,40mg/mL,溶于生理盐水),摇匀后加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。
配合物99mTc-Tricine-TPPMS-PSMA:取250μL tricine(40mg/mL,溶于30mM、pH=5.0琥珀酸缓冲液)于10mL青霉素小瓶中,加入200μL相应配体(100μg/mL,溶于生理盐水),加入30μL氯化亚锡水溶液(1mg/mL,溶于0.1M HCl),加入100μL TPPMS(间三苯基膦单磺酸钠,40mg/mL,溶于乙醇/生理盐水),摇匀后加入0.5mL新鲜淋洗的99mTcO4 -溶液(37~370MBq),压盖后注射器抽真空,100℃下反应20min。
各个配合物的标记率均用HPLC测定,使用的梯度方法见表3,各个配合物的保留时间和标记率见表4。从表4中可以看到,按照优化后的方法进行标记,标记率均在95%以上。
表3鉴定各个配合物使用的HPLC梯度
表4各个配合物的保留时间和标记率
测试例1
本测试例用于说明本发明配合物体外稳定性测定结果。
配合物在室温下生理盐水中的稳定性:将制备的配合物配置成生理盐水溶液,室温下放置6h,使用HPLC分析其放射化学纯度。
配合物在37℃小鼠血清中的稳定性:将0.1mL配合物加入到0.1mL小鼠血清中,摇匀后置于37℃培养箱中孵育6h,然后加入0.2mL乙腈沉淀蛋白,离心(8000rpm,5min),取上清液,经0.22μm滤膜后使用HPLC分析其放射化学纯度。
不同的共配体对配合物稳定性影响较大,其中Tricine作为共配体得到的配合物稳定性较差。以DXJ102为例,Tricine作为共配体得到的配合物99mTc-Tricine-102分别与生理盐水和小鼠血清共同孵育6h后,其放射化学纯度分别为95.6%和76.5%,而其他共配体系得到的配合物在生理盐水和小鼠血清中均保持了较高的稳定性(EDDA 99.4%/99.1%;Tricine+TPPTS 95.4/96.5%;Tricine+TPPMS 99.2%/98.1%)。
为了验证不同HYNIC配体对配合物稳定性的影响,考察了不同配体在同一种共配体EDDA下得到的配合物稳定性,孵育6小时后,99mTc-EDDA-63、99mTc-EDDA-89、99mTc-EDDA-100和99mTc-EDDA-102在生理盐水和小鼠血清中的放射化学纯度分别为:98.0%/98.1%、96.5%/95.0%、95.8%/95.0%、99.4%/99.1%。由此可说明,这些HYNIC配体具有相似的稳定性,在生理盐水和小鼠血清中均具有很高的稳定性。
测试例2
本测试例用于说明本发明配合物的细胞摄取与Kd测定结果。
1、细胞摄取实验:
LNCaP细胞计数重悬,稀释成105/mL,在24孔板中每孔加入1mL细胞悬浮液,摇匀后放入孵育箱,经48小时后,进行细胞摄取实验。吸去原有培养基,加入新鲜培养基(如500μL)洗一次,随后加入含有特定放射性样品(0.5μCi)的培养基(总体积为500μL)在37℃下孵育60分钟。孵育完成后吸去放射性培养基,使用含0.2%BSA的冷PBS洗(500μL)两次,加入500μL 0.5M NaOH裂解细胞,将裂解的细胞放入一次性离心管中测量放射性计数,该计数除以加入放射性的总量即得摄取百分比(%uptake),最终表示为%uptake/mg protein。在抑制实验时,可以提前10分钟加入10μM PSMA蛋白抑制剂DCIBzL((S)-2-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-5-(4-iodobenzamido)-pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid,一种已知的高亲和性PSMA抑制剂)进行抑制。由于Tricine作为共配体得到的PSMA配合物的稳定性较差,细胞实验时将其排除,其余结果如图5A-5C所示。结果表明,这些配合物在细胞内均有明显的摄取,均能被PSMA蛋白抑制剂明显地抑制,表明配合物具有PSMA的特异性。
2、Kd测定:
参考文献进行(J Nucl Med,2019,60:1284-1292)。LNCaP细胞计数重悬,稀释成105/mL,在48孔板中每孔加入0.5mL细胞悬浮液,摇匀后放入孵育箱,经48小时后,进行实验。吸去原有培养基,加入300μL新鲜培养基洗一次,随后加入含有不同浓度放射性样品的培养基300μL,在冰上放置半小时,随后使用含0.2%BSA的冷PBS洗(500μL)两次,加入300μL0.5M NaOH裂解细胞,将裂解的细胞放入一次性离心管中测量放射性计数,减去非特异性摄取后,将放射性计数和浓度作曲线拟合即得Kd值,如图6所示。计算得到99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-63、99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-89、99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-100、99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-102的Kd值分别为12.22±1.65nM、22.30±1.32nM、18.64±2.84nM、16.67±1.92nM,表明这些配合物对PSMA蛋白均具有高的亲和性。
测试例3
本测试例用于说明本发明配合物的显像与生物分布
1、显像:
将0.1-0.3mL新制备的放射性配合物(活度7.4MBq-18.5MBq)从尾静脉注射到雄性荷22RV1肿瘤的Balb/c裸鼠体内,1h后用异氟烷麻醉,进行SPECT/CT(Triumph SPECT/CT,Trifoil,USA)显像。数据使用HiSPECT软件进行重建,使用Vivoquant 4.0进行分析,结果如图7A-7I和表5所示。
表5配合物在肿瘤、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的ROI(Region Of Interest)比值
由图7A-7I和表5可以看出,与Tricine+TPPTS作为共配体得到的配合物相比,EDDA作为共配体制备得到的配合物拥有更好的代谢性能,从显像图中和ROI分析中都证明了这一点:EDDA作为共配体得到这四种配合物在肿瘤区域有明显的放射性浓集(黄色箭头所示为肿瘤位置),对大部分肿瘤都成功地进行了显像,而Tricine+TPPTS作为共配体得到的配合物只有99mTc-Tricine-TPPTS-63在荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤区域有明显的浓集,且它的肿瘤/肌肉ROI比值为17.8,明显低于配位物99mTc-EDDA-63的73.45;配体DXJ89、DXJ100和DXJ102使用EDDA作为共配体得到配合物在肿瘤/肌肉ROI比值方面也均优于Tricine+TPPTS作为共配体得到的配合物。
在同一类共配体所得到的配合物中,单聚体DXJ63和DXJ102配位得到的配合物要优于二聚体DXJ89和DXJ100配位得到的配合物,尤其是99mTc-EDDA-63的肿瘤/肌肉ROI比值达到了73.45,99mTc-EDDA-102的肿瘤/肌肉ROI比值达到了14.21,且二者的肿瘤/肝脏、肿瘤/肾脏的ROI比值也要优于二聚体配体形成的配合物99mTc-EDDA-89和99mTc-EDDA-100。以Tricine和TPPMS为共配体的99mTc-Tricine-TPPMS-63在肿瘤区域没有明显摄取,在胆囊和肠道中有较高的摄取,该类共配体得到的配合物不适合用于靶向PSMA的肿瘤显像。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。
Claims (10)
3.权利要求1或2所述的PSMA抑制剂在制备用于诊断和/或治疗一种或多种表达PSMA的肿瘤或细胞的试剂和/或药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述诊断的形式包括光学成像和/或核素成像。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述诊断的形式包括PET成像和/或SPECT成像。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述治疗包括放射性治疗。
7.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物包括化学药物、核酸药物和蛋白药物中的至少一种。
8.一种靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂,其特征在于,所述靶向PSMA的核素成像试剂由权利要求1或2所述的PSMA抑制剂与乙二胺-N,N’-二乙酸对99mTc共配位得到。
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