CN111226744A - Microbial seedling culture substrate and preparation system thereof - Google Patents
Microbial seedling culture substrate and preparation system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226744A CN111226744A CN201911300225.8A CN201911300225A CN111226744A CN 111226744 A CN111226744 A CN 111226744A CN 201911300225 A CN201911300225 A CN 201911300225A CN 111226744 A CN111226744 A CN 111226744A
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- substrate
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- microbial
- vermiculite
- straws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/60—Apparatus for preparing growth substrates or culture media
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial seedling substrate and a preparation system thereof, and the microbial seedling substrate comprises substrate raw materials and water, wherein the substrate raw materials comprise straws, vermiculite, nutritional agents, coconut chaff and decomposed cow dung, the nutritional agents and the water are added into a substrate semi-finished product obtained by processing the raw materials, sterilizing at high temperature, mixing the raw materials and mixing solid and liquid, and the mixture is uniform, and the microbial seedling substrate does not add any chemical pesticide and fertilizer and does not pollute the environment; the vegetable seedling growing medium can ensure that the vegetable seedlings are neat and strong, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, the texture is loose, the air permeability is good, the root system is good in growth, the nutrition is comprehensive, the yield is high, the harm of diseases and insects is light, and the vegetable growing medium is an ideal medium for producing green and organic vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial seedling culture, in particular to a microbial seedling culture substrate and a preparation system thereof.
Background
With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness of people, the admittance control is carried out on vegetable products in international or domestic markets, and the vegetables to enter the markets must be pollution-free vegetables. The substrate is an important component material of a vegetable factory seedling raising system, and not only is a place where seedlings live, but also is a medium for moisture, nutrients, temperature and the like required by the seedlings. The substrate, like soil, has the basic function of supporting and nourishing crops, but is different from and even superior to soil in some aspects. Therefore, the research on the physicochemical property of the matrix has great significance for reasonably selecting the matrix, improving the seedling raising effect and cultivating high-quality seedlings.
The seedling growth needs macroelements and microelements, the macroelements comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the microelements comprise boron, iron, zinc and the like, a certain proportion is required, the unbalance of nutrient elements is avoided, excessive nitrogen fertilizers cause excessive growth, and delicate seedlings are formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a microbial seedling raising substrate and a preparation system thereof, which can improve soil, increase fertilizer efficiency, enable the soil at the roots of plants to be fluffy without hardening, preserve water and fertilizer and promote the roots to grow robustly; the vegetable root system is well developed, the nutrition is comprehensive, the yield is high, and the like.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microbial seedling raising substrate comprises substrate raw materials and water, wherein the volume ratio of the substrate raw materials to the water is set as follows: 8-9: 1-2; the substrate raw materials comprise straws, vermiculite, nutritional agents, coconut chaff and decomposed cattle manure, and the volume parts of the raw materials are as follows: 4-8% of straw carbon; 0.5-3 parts of vermiculite; 1-5 parts of perlite; 0.5-3 parts of coconut coir; 0.5-3 parts of decomposed cow dung.
Preferably, the microorganism seedling culture substrate comprises straw, vermiculite, nutritional agent, coconut husk and decomposed cattle manure according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 2: 1 or 2: 1: 2: 2 are mixed and mixed.
Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is set to be 0.5mm-3 mm.
Preferably, the straws are one of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane, the straws are in the shape of long compressed particles, and the length of the straws is 1cm-2 cm.
Preferably, the nutrient comprises trace elements of selenium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc.
A preparation system of a microorganism seedling substrate comprises the following steps,
1) raw material treatment: adding a fermentation microbial inoculum which accounts for 5-15% of the total weight of the straw and the decomposed cow dung into a stirrer, fully stirring, and sealing and fermenting;
2) high-temperature sterilization: sterilizing the mixed vermiculite and coconut husk substrate raw materials by a high-temperature fluidized bed to obtain sterilized raw materials, and simultaneously burning the fermented straws and decomposed cow dung obtained in the step 1);
3) mixing raw materials: putting the raw materials sterilized in the step 2) into a mixing bin, adding the burnt gray matter of the straws and the decomposed cow dung, and uniformly mixing to obtain a semi-finished substrate;
4) solid-liquid mixing: adding a nutrient and water into the semi-finished substrate obtained in the step 3), and uniformly mixing to obtain the novel microbial seedling substrate.
Preferably, in the above system for preparing a microbial seedling substrate, the straws and decomposed cattle manure in step 2) are combusted and then screened by a 10-mesh screen.
Preferably, in the preparation system of the microbial seedling substrate, the temperature of the fermentation pile in the step 1) is 40-45 ℃, and the water content of the fermented decomposed cattle manure is set to be 20-40% by weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the microbial seedling culture substrate does not add any chemical pesticide and fertilizer, does not pollute the environment, can improve the soil, increases the fertilizer efficiency, enables the soil at the roots of plants to be fluffy, does not harden, retains water and fertilizer, and promotes the robust growth of the roots; the vegetable seedling growing medium can ensure that the vegetable seedlings are neat and strong, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, the texture is loose, the air permeability is good, the root system is good in growth, the nutrition is comprehensive, the yield is high, the harm of diseases and insects is light, and the vegetable growing medium is an ideal medium for producing green and organic vegetables.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a numerical reference diagram of a first embodiment and a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a numerical reference diagram of plant seedling growing in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, example 1 is a microbial seedling substrate, which includes a substrate material and water, wherein a volume ratio of the substrate material to the water is: 8-9: 1-2; the substrate raw materials comprise straw, vermiculite, nutritional agents, coconut chaff and decomposed cattle manure, and the volume parts of the raw materials are as follows: 4-8% of straw carbon; 0.5-3 parts of vermiculite; 1-5 parts of perlite; 0.5-3 parts of coconut coir; 0.5-3 parts of decomposed cattle manure, and mixing straws, vermiculite, a nutritional agent, coconut husk and decomposed cattle manure according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 2: 1, the particle size of the vermiculite is set to be 1mm, the straws are set to be one of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane, the straws are set to be long-strip compressed particles, the length of the straws is set to be 2cm, and the nutritional agent contains trace elements of selenium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc.
A preparation system of a microorganism seedling substrate comprises the following steps,
1) raw material treatment: adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the straws and the decomposed cattle manure by 5 percent of the total weight, adding the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring, sealing and fermenting, wherein the temperature of a fermentation pile is 40 ℃, and the water content of the fermented decomposed cattle manure is set to be 30 percent by weight;
2) high-temperature sterilization: sterilizing the mixed vermiculite and coconut husk substrate raw materials by a high-temperature fluidized bed to obtain sterilized raw materials, simultaneously burning the fermented straws and decomposed cattle manure in the step 1), and screening the burned straws and decomposed cattle manure by a 10-mesh screen;
3) mixing raw materials: putting the raw materials sterilized in the step 2) into a mixing bin, adding the burnt gray matter of the straws and the decomposed cow dung, and uniformly mixing to obtain a semi-finished substrate;
4) solid-liquid mixing: adding a nutrient and water into the semi-finished substrate obtained in the step 3), and uniformly mixing to obtain the novel microbial seedling substrate.
Referring to fig. 1, example 2 includes a matrix material and water, and the volume ratio of the matrix material to the water is set as: 8-9: 1-2; the substrate raw materials comprise straw, vermiculite, nutritional agents, coconut chaff and decomposed cattle manure, and the volume parts of the raw materials are as follows: 4-8% of straw carbon; 0.5-3 parts of vermiculite; 1-5 parts of perlite; 0.5-3 parts of coconut coir; 0.5-3 parts of decomposed cattle manure, and mixing straws, vermiculite, a nutritional agent, coconut husk and decomposed cattle manure according to the volume ratio of 2: 1: 2: 2, the particle size of the vermiculite is set to be 2mm, the straws are set to be one of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane, the straws are set to be long-strip compressed particles, the length of the straws is set to be 1cm, the nutrient comprises trace elements of selenium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc,
a preparation system of a microorganism seedling substrate comprises the following steps,
1) raw material treatment: adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the straws and the decomposed cattle manure according to 15 percent of the total weight, adding the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring, sealing and fermenting, wherein the temperature of a fermentation pile is 40-45 ℃, and the water content of the fermented decomposed cattle manure is set to be 20 percent by weight;
2) high-temperature sterilization: sterilizing the mixed vermiculite and coconut husk substrate raw materials by a high-temperature fluidized bed to obtain sterilized raw materials, simultaneously burning the fermented straws and decomposed cattle manure in the step 1), and screening the burned straws and decomposed cattle manure by a 10-mesh screen;
3) mixing raw materials: putting the raw materials sterilized in the step 2) into a mixing bin, adding the burnt gray matter of the straws and the decomposed cow dung, and uniformly mixing to obtain a semi-finished substrate;
4) solid-liquid mixing: adding a nutrient and water into the semi-finished substrate obtained in the step 3), and uniformly mixing to obtain the novel microbial seedling substrate.
Example 1 the physicochemical properties of the substrates of the invention were compared with the physicochemical properties of the substrates and their effect on cucumber, tomato and pepper seedlings by applying them to control substrates, straw and decomposed cow dung in cucumber, tomato and pepper seedlings. The specific physicochemical properties are shown in fig. 2, and the measurement methods are all carried out by adopting the conventional experimental technology. The physicochemical properties of the substrates with different proportions are shown in figure 1; as can be seen from fig. 1: the physicochemical properties, volume weight, total porosity and pH value of the substrate in the formula are all in the range that the general substrate is suitable for the growth of cucumbers, tomatoes and hot peppers, and the growth requirements of the cucumbers, the tomatoes and the hot peppers can be met.
Strong seedling index = (stem thickness/plant height) × (dry weight of whole plant) × 100%; the disease resistance is increased in the order of I-IV. As can be seen from fig. 2, example 1 all promoted the growth of cucumber, tomato and pepper seedlings as compared to the control substrate, which was manifested by the improvement of strong seedling index and root activity of cucumber, tomato and pepper, wherein the strong seedling index, chlorophyll content and root activity of example 1 were increased the most, respectively, as compared to the control. After field planting of cucumber, tomato and pepper seedlings, the flowering stage of the cucumber, tomato and pepper plants of example 1 was advanced compared to the control substrate, the fruit setting rate was increased, which is shown by increased early yield of cucumber, tomato and pepper, and the wilt degree of cucumber, tomato and pepper was small, and example 1 also improved the disease resistance of cucumber, tomato and pepper plants, with the disease resistance of example 1 being the best. Therefore, the formula substrate of the invention can replace a contrast substrate taking grass peat as a main component; the microbial seedling culture substrate does not add any chemical pesticide and fertilizer, does not pollute the environment, can improve the soil, increases the fertilizer efficiency, enables the soil at the roots of plants to be fluffy, does not harden, retains water and fertilizer, and promotes the robust growth of the roots; the vegetable seedling growing medium can ensure that the vegetable seedlings are neat and strong, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, the texture is loose, the air permeability is good, the root system is good in growth, the nutrition is comprehensive, the yield is high, the harm of diseases and insects is light, and the vegetable growing medium is an ideal medium for producing green and organic vegetables.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A microbial seedling raising substrate is characterized in that: the water-based paint comprises a matrix raw material and water, wherein the volume ratio of the matrix raw material to the water is set as follows: 8-9: 1-2; the substrate raw materials comprise straws, vermiculite, nutritional agents, coconut chaff and decomposed cattle manure, and the volume parts of the raw materials are as follows: 4-8% of straw carbon; 0.5-3 parts of vermiculite; 1-5 parts of perlite; 0.5-3 parts of coconut coir; 0.5-3 parts of decomposed cow dung.
2. A microbial seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw, the vermiculite, the nutritional agent, the coconut husk and the decomposed cattle manure are mixed according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 2: 1 or 2: 1: 2: 2, mixing the components.
3. A microorganism seedling raising substrate and a preparation system thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the vermiculite is set to be 0.5mm-3 mm.
4. A microbial seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw is set to be one of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane, the straw is set to be long-strip compressed granular, and the length of the straw is set to be 1cm-2 cm.
5. A microbial seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nutrient contains trace elements of selenium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc.
6. A preparation system of microorganism seedling substrate is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a) raw material treatment: adding a fermentation microbial inoculum which accounts for 5-15% of the total weight of the straw and the decomposed cow dung into a stirrer, fully stirring, and sealing and fermenting;
b) high-temperature sterilization: sterilizing the mixed vermiculite and coconut husk substrate raw materials by a high-temperature fluidized bed to obtain sterilized raw materials, and simultaneously burning the fermented straws and decomposed cow dung obtained in the step 1);
c) mixing raw materials: putting the raw materials sterilized in the step 2) into a mixing bin, adding the burnt gray matter of the straws and the decomposed cow dung, and uniformly mixing to obtain a semi-finished substrate;
d) solid-liquid mixing: adding a nutrient and water into the semi-finished substrate obtained in the step 3), and uniformly mixing to obtain the novel microbial seedling substrate.
7. The method for preparing a novel microbial seedling substrate according to claim 6, wherein the straws and decomposed cow dung in the step 2) are combusted and then screened by a 10-mesh screen.
8. The preparation method of the novel microbial seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the fermentation pile in the step 1) is 40-45 ℃, and the water content of the fermented decomposed cattle manure is set to be 20-40% by weight.
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| CN201911300225.8A CN111226744A (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Microbial seedling culture substrate and preparation system thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112616619A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-09 | 江汉大学 | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN1189481A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1998-08-05 | 江西省新兴专利技术研究所 | High potassium clacium fertilizer |
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