CN111212983B - 纤维复合体以及用于制造纤维复合体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纤维复合体、尤其是撑杆,其具有优选长形的基体(12)和至少一个具有固定开口(16)的固定区段(14),该固定区段用于将纤维复合体(10)固定在相邻部件上,其中,设置有增强纤维束(18),该增强纤维束形成基体(12)的和固定区段(14)的纤维增强部,并且该增强纤维束的增强纤维(22)在基体(12)的区域中沿基体(12)的纵向方向(L)基本上彼此平行地延伸。在基体(12)与固定区段(14)之间的过渡区域中所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的至少一部分偏离束走向并且与另外的增强纤维(22b、22a)交叉。此外涉及一种用于制造长形的纤维复合体(10)、尤其是撑杆的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种优选长形的纤维复合体、尤其是撑杆,其具有尤其是长形的基体和至少一个具有固定开口的固定区段,该固定区段用于将纤维复合体固定在相邻部件上,其中,设置有增强纤维束,该增强纤维束形成基体的和固定区段的纤维增强部,并且该增强纤维束的增强纤维在基体的区域中沿基体的纵向方向基本上彼此平行地延伸。本发明还涉及一种用于制造长形的纤维复合体、尤其是撑杆的方法,该纤维复合体具有尤其是长形的基体和至少一个具有固定开口的固定区段。
背景技术
这种类型的纤维复合体由DE102010053850A1已知并且用作用于机动车车身的增强撑杆,该增强撑杆被用作车辆、尤其是敞篷轿车的底部上的对角斜撑杆,以便提高车身刚度。在DE102010053850A1中描述的增强撑杆在两端部处具有穿通开口,在其它情况下沿撑杆的载荷方向单向延伸的增强纤维围绕所述穿通开口引导并且是已知的由金属制成的对角斜撑杆的一种较容易的替代方案。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是,提供一种纤维复合体以及一种用于制造纤维复合体的方法,该纤维复合体的特征在于小的重量、成本有利的制造以及改善的稳定性。
按照本发明,对此在开头所述类型的纤维复合体中规定,在基体与固定区段之间的过渡区域中所述增强纤维的至少一部分偏离束走向并且与另外的增强纤维交叉。因此,在基体的区域中增强纤维(在长形的基体中沿其纵轴线)沿负荷方向延伸,而所述增强纤维中的一些增强纤维在到固定区段的过渡区域中(以及因此从基体起观察在固定开口的前面)相互交叉,由此提高按照本发明的纤维复合体的稳定性。尤其是,该纤维复合体不仅能承载拉力,而且能非常好地承载压力。在此,按照本发明的纤维复合体相对于由铝或钢制成的常用撑杆的特征在于明显较轻的重量。
按照本发明的纤维复合体和基体优选是长形的。
根据一种优选的实施形式,所述增强纤维束通过缠绕产生。由此,相对于由具有编织的增强纤维的纤维复合材料构成的撑杆,除了明显更有利的制造过程之外也实现重量减轻。
尤其是,固定区段与基体一体式地构造,由此实现可简单制造的并且特别稳定的构件。
在一种优选的设计方案中,所述固定区段是端部区段,尤其是设置有两个相反的端部区段。所述端部区段用于将纤维复合体固定在相邻部件上,例如固定在车辆车身上或另一个撑杆上。
为了进一步提高稳定性,在本发明的一种进一步改进方案中,增强纤维的交叉部位被挤压、尤其是通过纤维复合体在模具中的硬化而被挤压。
在一种优选的实施形式中,至少所述固定区段具有嵌件,增强纤维围绕该嵌件被引导。这种优选由塑料制成的嵌件在缠绕增强纤维束时使纤维引导变得容易,因为增强纤维在没有相应的引导件的情况下倾向于直线地延伸。在此,增强纤维尤其是环形地包围嵌件。
作为使用保留在制成的纤维复合体中的嵌件的替代方案,可设想相应实施的缠绕装置,该缠绕装置具有纤维引导元件或“缠绕辅助装置”,以便在缠绕增强纤维束时达到所期望的纤维走向。
在本发明的一种进一步改进方案中,所述嵌件具有至少一个留空部,交叉的增强纤维延伸穿过该留空部,其中,所述增强纤维自身在该留空部中交叉。以这种方式,嵌件在交叉区域中形成用于增强纤维的引导件。
在一种优选的设计方案中,所述嵌件具有包围固定开口的套筒区段,该套筒区段尤其是设有两个侧向的限制盘。增强纤维至少部分地围绕套筒区段被引导,其中,侧向的限制盘使缠绕变得容易,因为它们防止增强纤维在侧向上从套筒区段滑下。
此外,嵌件可具有与套筒区段邻接的、指向基体方向的芯轴区段,在该芯轴区段的区域中所述增强纤维的一部分相互交叉。因此,该芯轴区段尤其是在交叉区域中用作增强纤维的引导件。
在一种特别优选的设计方案中,所述芯轴区段具有设置在其基体侧端部上的至少一个销状突起,该销状突起将所述增强纤维的一部分分成相互交叉的两组。在此,优选在芯轴区段的两侧设置有两个突起,其中,增强纤维在芯轴区段的两侧相互交叉,这提高了稳定性。
优选地,所述至少一个销状突起垂直于基体的纵向方向以及因此垂直于增强纤维的主延伸方向延伸。因此,所述销状突起用作用于增强纤维的引导元件或分配元件,这使得具有交叉纤维的增强纤维束的缠绕变得容易。
之前提出的任务也通过一种开头所述类型的方法来解决,该方法具有以下步骤:
a)缠绕增强纤维束,该增强纤维束的增强纤维在基体的区域中沿基体的纵向方向延伸;
b)使增强纤维束的增强纤维的至少一部分在基体与固定区段之间的过渡区域中交叉;
c)将增强纤维束嵌入到塑料基质中;并且
d)使塑料基质硬化。
在此,方法步骤a)和b)、即缠绕增强纤维束和使增强纤维的一部分交叉优选同时进行、也就是说增强纤维的一部分直接在缠绕增强纤维束时交叉。
利用按照本发明的方法能够制造如下纤维复合体,该纤维复合体除了高的拉伸负荷能力之外也能非常好地承载压力。通过纤维在固定开口的前面的交叉实现了纤维复合体正好在固定区域中或围绕固定开口的提高的稳定性。此外,利用按照本发明的方法实现了非常轻的且成本有利的撑杆。
在一种优选的设计方案中,至少在固定区段的区域中设置有嵌件,增强纤维在缠绕时围绕该嵌件被引导并且借助该嵌件使增强纤维的一部分交叉。为此,该嵌件尤其是可具有留空部,交叉的增强纤维延伸穿过该留空部并且增强纤维在该留空部内部交叉。因此,所述嵌件使纤维在交叉区域中的缠绕变得容易,因为增强纤维在没有相应的引导件的情况下倾向于直线地延伸。
此外,所有关于按照本发明的纤维复合体所述的进一步改进方案和优点也适用于按照本发明的方法,并且反之亦然。
附图说明
其它特征和优点由下面借助附图对优选实施形式的说明得出。在附图中:
图1示出按照本发明的长形的纤维复合体的俯视图;
图2示出图1中纤维复合体的侧视图;
图3示出图1中纤维复合体的固定区段的放大示图,该示图阐明增强纤维的走向;以及
图4示出图3中固定区段的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1至图4示出按照本发明的以撑杆形式的长形的纤维复合体10,该纤维复合体10尤其是被用于机动车领域中,例如用于加固车身。纤维复合体10具有长形的基体12以及两个与基体12一体式地构造的固定区段14,该固定区段14是相反的端部区段。每个固定区段14具有固定开口16并且用于例如通过在附图中未示出的螺钉将纤维复合体10固定在相邻部件上。
纤维复合体10具有基体12的和两个固定区段14的共同的纤维增强部,所述纤维增强部以通过缠绕产生的增强纤维束18为形式,所述增强纤维束嵌入到塑料基体20中。增强纤维束18的增强纤维22在基体12的区域中在基体12的纵向方向L上基本上彼此平行地延伸,如尤其是可由图3得出。
在固定区段14的区域中分别设有由塑料预制的、具有嵌入到塑料基体20中的嵌件24,增强纤维22基本上环形地围绕所述嵌件被引导。
嵌件24具有包围固定开口16的套筒区段26,该套筒区段类似于纱线筒管设有两个侧向的限制盘28(尤其是参见图4)。增强纤维22围绕套筒区段26延伸。
在此可以观察,在图4中出于清楚的原因将纤维复合体10的纤维增强的塑料材料示出为透明的。
指向基体12方向的芯轴区段30与套筒区段26邻接,所述芯轴区段以其尖端32延伸到基体12中。在芯轴区段30的区域中,嵌件24具有两个留空部34,这两个留空部34在纤维复合体10的竖直方向Z上设置在芯轴区段30的两侧。在留空部34的内部,增强纤维束18的增强纤维22的相应一部分相互交叉。为此,用22a表示的一部分增强纤维偏离束走向并且与也偏离束走向的另外的增强纤维22b交叉。
在此,留空部34一方面由套筒区段26限定,另一方面由两个在芯轴区段30的基体侧端部上靠近尖端32设置的销状突起36限定,所述突起沿竖直方向Z(以及因此垂直于基体12的纵向方向L)延伸。销状突起36分别将相应一部分增强纤维22分成两个相互交叉的组22a和22b。此外,在交叉的增强纤维22a和22b的平面之间,一些增强纤维22c在侧向上沿芯轴区段30的中间区域38延伸,而不与另外的增强纤维交叉。当然,也可在交叉的增强纤维22a、22b旁边以及上方和下方设置有非交叉的增强纤维22c。在图3中,为了更清楚起见,交叉的增强纤维22a、22b以虚线示出,而未交叉的增强纤维22c以实线示出。
增强纤维22a、22b的位于留空部34的区域中的交叉部位40被挤压,更确切地说通过纤维复合体10在模具中的硬化被挤压。
为了制造纤维复合体10,首先缠绕增强纤维束18,其中,增强纤维22在基体12的区域中沿基体12的纵向方向L延伸,并且增强纤维束18的增强纤维的部分22a、22b在基体12与固定区段14之间的过渡区域中、更准确地说在嵌件24的留空部34中交叉,而增强纤维的另一部分22c在没有交叉的情况下侧向地沿嵌件24被引导。
以这种方式缠绕的增强纤维束18被嵌入到塑料基体20中并且使塑料基体硬化。为了实现更高的稳定性,增强纤维22的交叉部位40被挤压,优选通过纤维复合体10在模具中的硬化被挤压。
嵌件24和尤其是留空部34以及销状突起36在缠绕增强纤维束18时用于引导增强纤维22和用于产生交叉部位40。
作为具有当然同样存在于在图3和图4中未示出的第二固定区段14中的嵌件24的所示设计方案的替代方案,也可使用具有相应的“缠绕辅助装置”(例如以销的形式)相应的缠绕装置,该缠绕辅助装置实现了增强纤维22的期望的纤维走向。在这种情况下,缠绕的增强纤维束18被交付到模具上并且在那里硬化,然而其中事先移除了所述缠绕辅助装置。优选地,在此用已浸渍过的增强纤维进行缠绕。
按照本发明的纤维复合体10的特征在于高的稳定性,明显比由钢或铝构成的撑杆轻,并且与具有编织的增强纤维的纤维复合体相比,在制造方面明显更成本有利。
Claims (18)
1.纤维复合体,所述纤维复合体具有
-基体(12),以及
-至少一个具有固定开口(16)的固定区段(14),该固定区段用于将该纤维复合体(10)固定在相邻部件上,
其中,设置有增强纤维束(18),该增强纤维束形成基体(12)的和固定区段(14)的纤维增强部,并且该增强纤维束的增强纤维在基体(12)的区域中基本上彼此平行地延伸,
其特征在于,在基体(12)与固定区段(14)之间的过渡区域中所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的至少一部分偏离束走向并且与另外的增强纤维(22b、22a)交叉,至少所述固定区段(14)具有嵌件(24),所述增强纤维围绕该嵌件(24)被引导,所述嵌件(24)具有包围所述固定开口(16)的套筒区段(26),所述嵌件(24)具有与所述套筒区段(26)邻接的、指向基体(12)方向的芯轴区段(30),在该芯轴区段的区域中所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的一部分相互交叉,所述芯轴区段(30)具有设置在其基体侧端部上的至少一个销状突起(36),该销状突起将所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的一部分分成相互交叉的两组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述增强纤维束(18)通过缠绕产生。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述固定区段(14)与所述基体(12)一体式地构造。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述固定区段(14)是端部区段。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的交叉部位(40)被挤压。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述嵌件(24)具有至少一个留空部(34),交叉的所述增强纤维(22a、22b)延伸穿过该留空部,其中,所述增强纤维(22a、22b)自身在该留空部(34)中交叉。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,该套筒区段设有两个侧向的限制盘(28)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述至少一个销状突起(36)垂直于基体(12)的纵向方向(L)延伸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述纤维复合体是撑杆。
10.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述基体(12)是长形的。
11.根据权利要求4所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,设置有两个相反的端部区段。
12.根据权利要求5所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于,所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的交叉部位(40)通过长形的纤维复合体(10)在模具中的硬化而被挤压。
13.用于制造纤维复合体(10)的方法,所述纤维复合体具有基体(12)和至少一个具有固定开口(16)的固定区段(14),其中,所述方法具有以下步骤:
a)缠绕增强纤维束(18),该增强纤维束的增强纤维在基体(12)的区域中沿基体(12)的纵向方向(L)延伸;
b)使增强纤维束(18)的增强纤维(22a、22b)的至少一部分在基体(12)与固定区段(14)之间的过渡区域中交叉;
c)将增强纤维束(18)嵌入到塑料基质(20)中;并且
d)使塑料基质(20)硬化;
其中,至少所述固定区段(14)具有嵌件(24),所述增强纤维围绕该嵌件(24)被引导,所述嵌件(24)具有包围所述固定开口(16)的套筒区段(26),所述嵌件(24)具有与所述套筒区段(26)邻接的、指向基体(12)方向的芯轴区段(30),在该芯轴区段的区域中所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的一部分相互交叉,所述芯轴区段(30)具有设置在其基体侧端部上的至少一个销状突起(36),该销状突起将所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的一部分分成相互交叉的两组。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,挤压增强纤维(22a、22b)的交叉部位(40)。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,至少在固定区段(14)的区域中设置嵌件(24),所述增强纤维在缠绕时围绕该嵌件被引导,并且借助该嵌件使所述增强纤维(22a、22b)的一部分交叉。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维复合体是撑杆。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基体(12)是长形的。
18.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,通过该纤维复合体(10)在模具中的硬化来挤压增强纤维的交叉部位。
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