CN111211423B - Ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111211423B CN111211423B CN202010115376.2A CN202010115376A CN111211423B CN 111211423 B CN111211423 B CN 111211423B CN 202010115376 A CN202010115376 A CN 202010115376A CN 111211423 B CN111211423 B CN 111211423B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses an ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna which comprises two metal parallel waveguide plates, two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials, a cylindrical medium and a plurality of feed source antennas, wherein the two metal parallel waveguide plates are formed by splicing two semicircles with different radiuses, the semicircle with the smaller radius is a radiation area, the semicircle with the larger radius is a feed source area, the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials are arranged between the two metal parallel waveguide plates in parallel, the cylindrical medium is arranged between the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials to form a three-layer sandwich structure, and the plurality of feed source antennas are arranged on the non-radiation caliber of the cylindrical medium according to the circumference. The working bandwidth of the ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna can reach 3 octaves, and excellent multi-beam radiation performance can be kept in the ultra-wideband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna.
Background
The multi-beam lens antenna is an antenna which utilizes an optical principle to convert spherical waves or cylindrical waves formed by a plurality of feed sources into quasi-plane waves so as to obtain a plurality of pencil-shaped, fan-shaped or other-shaped beams on a common radiation aperture, is widely applied to the technical fields of satellite communication, radar, electronic countermeasure and the like, and has the advantages of high gain, wide beam coverage range, good beam consistency and the like, wherein the cylindrical lens antenna is widely concerned with by the characteristics of compact structure, flattened appearance, fan-shaped multi-beam and the like, but the current research mainly focuses on the aspects of improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, expanding the beam width and the like, and is less involved in the ultra-wideband research.
In the patent with publication number CN 108075236a, an ultra-wideband lens antenna based on periodic half-height pins is disclosed, which realizes an operating bandwidth of 9 GHz-22 GHz, however, the patent is only a single-beam antenna, and its large-size feed source and relatively sharp beam make it difficult to realize a practical multi-beam lens antenna.
In the patent publication No. CN 109004372 a, a flattened luneberg lens antenna based on a sandwich structure is disclosed, which is composed of a multi-layer cylindrical shell-shaped medium, two metal layers and two printed boards, however, the patent does not mention that the invention has the characteristics of ultra-wideband operation.
In the patent publication No. CN 107275788A, a millimeter wave fan-shaped beam cylindrical luneberg lens antenna based on a metal perturbation structure is disclosed, which has the advantages of multiple beams, light weight, simple processing, etc., however, the patent focuses on realizing a wider pitch beam by using the metal perturbation structure, and since the metal perturbation structure has a resonance characteristic, the antenna is also difficult to realize a wider operating bandwidth.
In the patent with publication number CN 207883903U, an ultra-wideband high-gain metamaterial luneberg lens is disclosed, which realizes ultra-wideband (10 GHz-30 GHz) by applying 3D printing technology and multilayer metamaterial, however, the structure disclosed in the patent is formed by stacking multiple layers of cylinders, the thickness is too large after stacking, and the lens is not easy to mount on a metal surface, and the use condition is limited.
A broadband multi-beam Lens Antenna with a densely-distributed nail-shaped structure is reported in the names of All-metal Ku-band Luneburg Lens Antenna Based on Variable Parallel Plate Spacing Fakir Bed of Nails, 2017EUCAP,1401 and 1404,2017 by C.D. Diallo, E.Girard, H.Legay and R.Sauleau, and has the characteristics of flattening and lightening, and the working bandwidth of the broadband multi-beam Lens Antenna is 10.7 GHz-14.5 GHz.
Liao, N.J.G.Fonseca, O.Quevedo-Teruel under the name of "Compact Multi beam full Metallic geometrical Luneburg Lens Antenna Based On-Euclidean transfer Optics", IEEE Trans.N. Propag, vol.66, No.12, pp.7383-7388,2018, reports that a Non-Europe geometric transformation technology is adopted to realize a low-profile multi-beam cylindrical Lens Antenna, which has the advantages of multi-beam and flattening, and the working bandwidth is 25 GHz-36 GHz.
Omid Manoochehri et al, entitled "Parallel Plate ultra wideband Multi wave Lens Antenna", IEEE trans. Antenna Propag, vol.66, No.9, pp.4878-4883,2018, reported a Plate-type ultra wideband multi-beam cylindrical Lens Antenna, which has the characteristics of low profile and simple structure, and has a working bandwidth of 8 GHz-18 GHz, which does not reach 3 octaves.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the bandwidth of the existing multi-beam lens antenna is generally narrow (less than 3 octaves) or the bandwidth is wide but the existing multi-beam lens antenna is not easy to mount on a metal surface, the invention provides the multi-beam lens antenna which is ultra wide (up to 3 octaves), simple in process, low in section and capable of being mounted on the metal surface. The whole multi-beam lens antenna is simple to process and compact in structure, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of working bandwidth, processing difficulty, cost and the like compared with similar schemes of adopting a gradual change curved surface, a punching lens body, 3D printing, metamaterials and the like.
The invention provides an ultra wide band multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna, which comprises:
the two metal parallel waveguide plates are formed by splicing two semicircles with different radiuses, wherein the semicircle with the smaller radius is a radiation region, and the semicircle with the larger radius is a feed source region;
the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials are arranged between the two metal parallel waveguide plates in parallel, and are both wave-absorbing medium materials with high loss (the loss tangent is more than 0.01);
the cylindrical medium is arranged between the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials to form a three-layer sandwich structure, and the cylindrical medium is a low-loss (the loss tangent is less than 0.001) medium material;
the feed source antennas are arranged on the non-radiation aperture of the cylindrical medium according to the circumference, and the non-radiation aperture of the cylindrical medium corresponds to the feed source regions of the two metal parallel waveguide plates.
The feed source antenna is characterized by further comprising a supporting and fixing structure, wherein the supporting and fixing structure is used for connecting a three-layer sandwich structure formed by the cylindrical medium and the cylindrical wave-absorbing material with the feed source antenna in a clamping groove and screw mode.
Further, the diameter of the cylindrical medium ranges from 5 to 50 central frequency wavelengths, and the thickness ranges from 0.5 to 2 times of the height of the H face of the feed antenna.
Furthermore, the diameter of the cylindrical wave-absorbing material is consistent with that of the cylindrical medium, and the thickness range is 0.1 to 1 time of the thickness of the cylindrical medium.
Furthermore, a plurality of feed source antennas equidistance arrange in with cylindrical medium central point is on the circular arc of centre of a circle, the radius of circular arc is 1 to 1.5 times of cylindrical medium radius.
Further, the cylindrical media comprises polytetrafluoroethylene or polystyrene.
Further, the cylindrical wave-absorbing material comprises polyurethane foam, silicon-based rubber or wave-absorbing honeycomb material.
Furthermore, the feed source antenna adopts an ultra wide band antenna, and comprises a metal double-ridge horn antenna, a dielectric Vivaldi antenna or a dielectric end-fire antenna.
Furthermore, the boundary condition of the metal parallel waveguide plate for transmitting electromagnetic waves can be changed by adjusting the thickness of the cylindrical wave-absorbing material, so that the working bandwidth is expanded, and the shape of a pitching wave beam is improved.
Furthermore, the width of azimuth plane wave beams and the number of the arrangeable wave beams of the feed source antenna can be controlled by adjusting the radius of the two semicircles of the metal parallel waveguide plate; on the premise of not influencing the pitching wave beam width of the antenna, the integral structural strength can be improved by adjusting the thickness of the metal parallel waveguide plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna has the advantages that the working bandwidth can reach 3 octaves, the excellent multi-beam radiation performance can be kept in the ultra-wideband, the process is simple, the section is low, and the ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna can be arranged on a metal surface. The whole multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna is simple to process and compact in structure, and compared with similar schemes such as a gradual change curved surface, a perforated lens body, 3D printing and metamaterial, the multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna has obvious advantages in the aspects of working bandwidth, processing difficulty, cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of the present invention (top view);
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view (cross-sectional view) of the present invention;
one of the multi-beam patterns of fig. 3 (0.5 times center frequency);
fig. 4 shows a second multi-beam pattern (center frequency);
fig. 5 shows a third (1.5 times center frequency) multi-beam pattern;
FIG. 6 is a standing wave diagram of the antenna;
reference numerals: the antenna comprises a feed source antenna 1, a metal cover plate 2, a wave absorbing material 3, a dielectric lens 4 and a supporting and fixing structure 5.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an ultra wide band multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna, which includes a feed antenna 1, a metal cover plate 2, a wave-absorbing material 3, a dielectric lens 4 and a supporting and fixing structure 5, wherein:
the feed source antennas 1 are ridge horn antennas, 16 in number, are horizontally polarized and are closely arranged on the non-radiation caliber of the dielectric lens body 4 by taking the center of the dielectric lens body as the center of a circle, the adjacent distance is 5.625 degrees, so that the multi-beam coverage of plus and minus 45 degrees in an azimuth airspace is realized, and a crossed multi-beam directional diagram in the airspace range is formed.
The ridge horn antenna is made of all metal and comprises two metal ridges with index transformation, the feed structure adopts the coaxial waveguide conversion of a feedback type, and the antenna can work at 0.5f by designing the length and the opening surface size of the horn0～1.5f0Frequency band (f)0Referred to as the center frequency), as can be seen from the standing wave ratio of fig. 6, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna feed is less than 3 in the whole operating frequency band, which exceeds the currently known cylindrical lens antenna.
Be provided with the screw hole on the ridge horn antenna metal casing for be fixed in on the metal covering plate 2 ridge horn antenna.
The dielectric lens body 4 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens body is 2.2, the loss tangent of the dielectric lens body is less than 0.001, and the diameter of the dielectric lens body is 10 times lambda0(λ0The center frequency wavelength) is kept consistent with the width of the feed source antenna 1H surface, and the shape is a cylinder.
The center of the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric lens body 4 has a thickness of lambda0The cylindrical protrusion is provided with a screw hole for matching with the wave-absorbing material 3 and the metal cover plate 2 to fix the installation position, and the assembly error is reduced.
The wave-absorbing material 3 is made of high-loss polyurethane foam material, the dielectric constant of the wave-absorbing material is 1.2, the loss tangent of the wave-absorbing material is greater than 0.2, the wave-absorbing material is in a cylinder shape, the radius of the wave-absorbing material is consistent with that of the dielectric lens body 4, and the thickness of the wave-absorbing material is 0.1 time of that of the dielectric lens body 4.
The circle centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the wave-absorbing material 3 are provided with cylindrical cavities corresponding to the bulges of the medium lens body 4 and used for being matched with the medium lens body 4 and the metal cover plate 2 to position, so that the assembly error is reduced.
The dielectric lens body 4 and the wave-absorbing material 3 are solidified together in a viscose mode.
The upper and lower metal cover plates 2 are symmetrical in structure, the shape of the upper and lower metal cover plates is formed by splicing two semicircles with different radiuses, wherein the radius of the semicircle close to one end of the radiation area is the same as that of the dielectric lens body 4, and the radius of the semicircle close to one side of the ridge horn antenna is equal to the sum of the radius of the dielectric lens body 4 and the total length of the ridge horn antenna.
The dielectric lens bodies 4 and the 16 ridge horn antennas are fixedly installed on the upper metal cover plate 2 and the lower metal cover plate 2 through screws.
Fig. 3-5 show the antenna multi-beam pattern, and it can be seen that the antenna can form a well-shaped multi-beam pattern in all the operating frequency bands, the beam uniformity is good, the difference is less than plus or minus 1dB, the pointing interval is 5.625 degrees, and the overlapping depth of adjacent beams is less than 5 dB. Fig. 6 shows the antenna standing wave, and it can be seen that the standing wave coefficient is less than 3.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally placed when the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either a wired or wireless connection.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna, comprising:
the two metal parallel waveguide plates are formed by splicing two semicircles with different radiuses, wherein the semicircle with the smaller radius is a radiation region, and the semicircle with the larger radius is a feed source region;
the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials are arranged between the two metal parallel waveguide plates in parallel, the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials are high-loss wave-absorbing medium materials, and the loss tangent of the high-loss wave-absorbing medium material is greater than 0.01;
the cylindrical medium is arranged between the two cylindrical wave-absorbing materials to form a three-layer sandwich structure, the cylindrical medium is a low-loss medium material, and the loss tangent of the low-loss medium is less than 0.001;
the feed source antennas are arranged on the non-radiation aperture of the cylindrical medium according to the circumference, and the non-radiation aperture of the cylindrical medium corresponds to the feed source regions of the two metal parallel waveguide plates.
2. The ultra wide band multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna of claim 1, further comprising a supporting and fixing structure for connecting the three-layer sandwich structure formed by the cylindrical medium and the cylindrical wave-absorbing material and the feed antenna by means of a clamping groove and screws.
3. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical medium has a diameter in the range of 5 to 50 center frequency wavelengths and a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 times the height of the H-plane of the feed antenna.
4. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical wave absorbing material is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical medium and has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 times the thickness of the cylindrical medium.
5. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna of claim 3, wherein the plurality of feed antennas are equidistantly arranged on an arc centered on the center point of the cylindrical medium, the arc having a radius 1 to 1.5 times the radius of the cylindrical medium.
6. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical medium comprises a non-metallic material having a dielectric constant between 1.5 and 4.
7. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical wave-absorbing material comprises polyurethane foam, silica-based rubber or wave-absorbing honeycomb material.
8. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed antenna is an ultra-wideband antenna comprising a metal double ridged horn antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, or a dielectric endfire antenna.
9. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the boundary condition of the metal parallel waveguide plate for transmitting electromagnetic waves can be changed by adjusting the thickness of the cylindrical wave-absorbing material, so as to expand the operating bandwidth and improve the shape of a pitching wave beam.
10. The ultra-wideband multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the radius of the two semicircles of the metal parallel waveguide plate controls the azimuth plane beam width and the number of alignable beams of the feed antenna; on the premise of not influencing the pitching wave beam width of the antenna, the integral structural strength can be improved by adjusting the thickness of the metal parallel waveguide plate.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111585036B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-03-23 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Full metal wave beam scanning super lens antenna |
| CN111900545B (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2021-05-04 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-directionality plano-concave lens containing ENZ metamaterial sandwich layer with non-uniform thickness |
| CN113363731B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Low-profile and low-loss Rotman lens |
| CN113948877A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-18 | 西安交通大学 | Terahertz luneberg lens multi-beam antenna |
| CN114927881B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-06-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Broadband two-dimensional multi-beam lens antenna |
| CN115275598B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-27 | 深圳大学 | Broadband fan-shaped radiation beam antenna module with space sharp cutoff characteristic |
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| US10944179B2 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2021-03-09 | The Research Foundation For Suny | Devices, systems and methods for creating and demodulating orbital angular momentum in electromagnetic waves and signals |
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| CN205609758U (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Can extend low section lens antenna of angle sweep |
| EP3242358A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-08 | Amphenol Antenna Solutions Inc. | High gain, multi-beam antenna for 5g wireless communications |
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