CN111490342B - Ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form Download PDFInfo
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- CN111490342B CN111490342B CN202010335398.XA CN202010335398A CN111490342B CN 111490342 B CN111490342 B CN 111490342B CN 202010335398 A CN202010335398 A CN 202010335398A CN 111490342 B CN111490342 B CN 111490342B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on a Vivaldi antenna form, belongs to the radar technology, and particularly belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The invention combines the basic principle of an ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi phased-array antenna unit with a lens unit based on a receiving and transmitting antenna form, and designs the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna unit. The unit can obviously increase the working bandwidth of the traditional lens unit, and the micro-strip phase-shifting line can well compensate the space phase delay from the feed source antenna at the focus to different positions on the lens antenna array surface under different frequencies, so that the working bandwidth of the ultra-wide-band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional lens. In addition, the designed lens antenna also has the advantages of light weight, strong shock resistance, high gain and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar and wireless communication, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on a Vivaldi antenna form.
Background
With the rapid development of military and civil fields such as modern satellite communication, radar detection, radio astronomy, microwave imaging and the like, the antenna is more and more emphasized as a key device for receiving and transmitting signals in a system, the requirement on the radiation performance of the antenna is higher and higher, and the antenna not only needs to have an ultra-wide working frequency band, but also needs to maintain a stable high-gain radiation pattern in the whole frequency band. The design of ultra-wideband high-gain antennas has become a research hotspot in the field of domestic and foreign antenna research, and the requirement on practical engineering application is increasing day by day. Methods for implementing high gain antennas can generally be classified into two categories: firstly, based on an antenna array theory, the superposition of maximum radiation in a target direction is realized by independently controlling the amplitude and the phase of each radiation unit in an array, although a phased array antenna has the capabilities of quick and flexible electric scanning and beam forming, the cost which is hard to bear is caused by excessive T/R components, and in addition, the complex feed network in a high frequency band introduces excessive transmission loss, so that the overall efficiency is reduced; and secondly, based on the optical ray tracing principle, the equivalent spherical wave radiated by the feed source is converted into the plane wave through the geometric curvature of the surface of the antenna, so that a high-gain radiation directional diagram is realized, and the main forms of the antenna are a parabolic antenna and a traditional dielectric lens antenna. The aperture antenna has the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, high power capacity, simple structure and the like, but has huge and heavy volume at low frequency, high requirement on manufacturing tolerance of geometric shapes at high frequency, and meanwhile, quick and flexible beam pointing is difficult to realize by means of mechanical scanning.
The aperture antenna with the planar structure and the high-gain radiation characteristic can be realized by combining the array antenna theory and an optical ray tracing method, and the main forms of the aperture antenna are a reflective array antenna and a planar lens antenna. Compared with the traditional parabolic antenna and dielectric lens antenna, the section of the reflecting array and the section of the planar lens array surface are greatly reduced, the reflecting array and the planar lens array surface can be processed by a mature PCB or LTCC process, and the extension to millimeter wave and even terahertz wave bands is easier; the wave beam shaping can be easily realized by optimizing the amplitude-phase distribution of the array surface unit, and in addition, the planar structure is also easier to integrate with the system. Compared with a reflective array antenna, the planar lens antenna avoids the problem of feed source shielding, and has more advantages in realizing beam scanning. However, despite the advantages of planar lens antennas, their inherent narrow-band characteristics limit their application in ultra-wideband high-gain applications. The narrow bandwidth is mainly due to two reasons: firstly, the working frequency band of the lens unit on the array surface is narrow; and the other is different space phase delays caused by different space paths from the feed source to each unit on the aperture surface under different frequencies. Therefore, extending the bandwidth of such antennas requires solving both of the above difficulties.
The Vivaldi antenna is a typical ultra-wideband endfire traveling wave antenna, electromagnetic waves are transmitted along an exponential gradient slot, stable input impedance change exists in an ultra-wideband, the Vivaldi antenna has the advantages of easiness in processing, low cost and excellent radiation characteristic, and a phased array antenna consisting of Vivaldi antenna units is widely applied to the fields of ultra-wideband communication systems, radar detection, radio astronomy and the like. The inventor combines the basic principle of an ultra-wideband Vivaldi phased-array antenna and the design concept of a lens unit based on a receiving and transmitting antenna form after deeply researching the basic principle of the ultra-wideband Vivaldi phased-array antenna, and provides a novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens unit based on the Vivaldi antenna form. The invention designs an ultra-wideband dual-polarized Vivaldi lens antenna based on the unit, and greatly expands the working bandwidth of the planar lens antenna. The designed lens antenna has the advantages of light weight, strong shock resistance, ultra wide band, high gain and the like, and can be applied to ultra wide band radars and wireless communication systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the two reasons causing the bandwidth of the planar lens antenna to be too narrow, the design of the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi phased-array antenna unit is applied to the lens unit based on the receiving and transmitting antenna form, the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens unit is provided for solving the narrow-band defect of the planar lens antenna, and the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna is designed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna in the form of a Vivaldi antenna, the lens antenna comprising: a feed antenna, a lens array surface; wherein the lens array contains a plurality of lens antenna unit that the array was arranged unanimously to the orientation, and each lens antenna unit includes: the first metal strip floor board comprises a first medium substrate, a second medium substrate, a first metal strip floor board and a second metal strip floor board; the plate surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are rectangular, the plate surfaces are vertical, and the long sides are in contact with each other; the surfaces of the first metal strip floor and the second metal strip floor are vertical to the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the first metal strip floor penetrates through the middle of the first dielectric substrate, the second metal strip floor penetrates through the middle of the second dielectric substrate, and the first metal strip floor and the second metal strip floor form a laminated structure; the plate surface structures of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are completely the same, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate both comprise an upper Vivaldi antenna and a lower Vivaldi antenna which are opposite, the Vivaldi antenna comprises a front surface and a back surface, and the front surface comprises: the back surfaces of the two index gradient slots and the circular slot line comprise feed microstrip pieces; the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate form a vertically symmetrical structure, an upper feeding microstrip piece and a lower feeding microstrip piece on the back are connected by a microstrip phase shifting line, and the microstrip phase shifting line is connected in a square wave shape; the first dielectric substrate of the adjacent lens antenna units is communicated to form a whole dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate is communicated to form a whole dielectric substrate, the starting ends of the index gradient grooves of the Vivaldi antennas in the adjacent lens antenna units are electrically connected, the first metal strip floor is communicated to form a whole floor, and the second metal strip floor is communicated to form a whole floor.
Furthermore, a vertical cutting groove is formed in the upper portion of the first dielectric substrate, a metal strip is arranged on the back surface of the lower portion of the cutting groove in an extending mode, and a plurality of metal through holes are uniformly distributed in the metal strip; a vertical cutting groove is formed in the lower portion of the second dielectric substrate, a metal strip is arranged on the back surface of the upper portion of the cutting groove in an extending mode, and a plurality of metal through holes are evenly distributed in the metal strip; the cutting groove on the upper part of the first dielectric substrate and the tangential direction of the lower part of the second dielectric substrate are mutually matched for oppositely inserting and clamping the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the length of each section of broken line of the square wave-shaped microstrip phase shift line on the back surface of the lens antenna unit changes along with the position of the lens antenna unit on the lens antenna array surface, so as to compensate the space phase difference from the feed source antenna to different positions on the lens antenna array surface.
Further, the first metal strip floor or the second metal strip floor is of a metal plate structure or a metal wire mesh structure, the distance between metal wires of the metal wire mesh structure is not more than lambda/10, and lambda is the highest frequency of unit operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the basic principle of the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi phased-array antenna unit is combined with a lens unit based on a receiving and transmitting antenna form, and the ultra-wide band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna unit is designed. The unit can obviously increase the working bandwidth of the traditional lens unit, and the micro-strip phase-shifting line can well compensate the space phase delay from the feed source antenna at the focus to different positions on the lens antenna array surface under different frequencies, so that the working bandwidth of the ultra-wide-band dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional lens. In addition, the designed lens antenna also has the advantages of light weight, strong shock resistance, high gain and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna unit based on a Vivaldi antenna form in a specific embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a first polarization of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lensed antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a back view of a first polarization of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lensed antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a rear view of a second polarization of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lensed antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a second polarization of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lensed antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna unit based on Vivaldi antenna form, in which metal strip floors vertically staggered up and down are replaced by steel wires.
Fig. 8 is a graph of transmission amplitude of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi antenna according to the specific embodiment at four typical frequencies (5, 8, 12 and 16GHz) as a function of the total length of the microstrip phasing line.
Fig. 9 is a graph of transmission phase of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna element in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to the specific embodiment as a function of the total length of the microstrip phasing line at four typical frequencies (5, 8, 12 and 16 GHz).
Fig. 10 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 5GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 11 shows H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 5GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 12 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 8GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 13 shows H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 8GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 14 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 12GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 15 shows H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 12GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 16 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna operating at 16GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Fig. 17 shows H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the novel Vivaldi antenna based ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna operating at 16GHz according to the specific embodiment.
Figure 18 is a graph of peak gain versus frequency for the novel ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form in a specific embodiment.
In the figure: 101 is a lens array surface comprising a plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi lens units, 102 is a feed horn antenna, 103 is a first dielectric substrate, 104 is an index gradual-changing groove, 105 is a groove line part of a microstrip line rotating groove line feed structure, and comprises a small segment of narrow groove line and a circular branch, 106 is a first metal strip floor, 107 is a second dielectric substrate, 108 is a microstrip line part of the microstrip line rotating groove line feed structure, and comprises a segment of microstrip line and a sector branch, 109 is a microstrip phase line, 110 is a second metal strip floor, 111 is a cutting groove of the first dielectric substrate, 112 is a via hole, 113 is a metal strip of the first dielectric substrate, 114 is a metal strip of the second dielectric substrate, 115 is a cutting groove of the second dielectric substrate, 116 is a first steel wire, and 117 is a second steel wire.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical scheme of the invention is an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form, which comprises: an ultra-wideband dual polarized Vivaldi lens array and a feed antenna placed at a focal point of the lens array, the lens array comprising: a plurality of lens antenna units distributed on the metal strip floor in an array manner; the lens antenna unit is of a grid-shaped structure and is vertical to the metal strip floor, and the upper half part and the lower half part of the lens antenna unit are basically the same; the upper half structure of the lens antenna unit comprises: the device comprises a medium substrate with a groove, an index gradual change groove, a microstrip line-to-groove line feed structure, a microstrip phase shift line, a metal strip floor, a via hole and a metal strip; the two dielectric substrates are vertically inserted in opposite directions through the grooving positions to form a grid-shaped structure; the index gradient slot is printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and is used as an antenna radiator, and the antenna radiator has stable radiation characteristics in an ultra-wide frequency band; the microstrip line rotary slot line feed structure is an ultra-wideband feed structure, can provide stable input impedance for a Vivaldi antenna, is connected with the narrow end of an index gradual change slot and is printed on the front surface of a dielectric substrate, and is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip phase-shifting line is connected with the microstrip line parts of the microstrip line rotary slot line feed structures of the upper part and the lower part and is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate, so that electromagnetic energy received by the receiving antenna unit can be transmitted to the transmitting antenna unit; the two metal strip floors are vertical to each other, staggered up and down, and respectively penetrate through the two dielectric substrates to serve as two polarized floors in the dual-polarized unit; the metal strip printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate is communicated with the metal coating printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate through the via hole; the metal strip printed on one dielectric substrate is positioned at the grooving position of the other dielectric substrate and is connected with metal at the groove edge on the grooving dielectric substrate; the length of each section of broken line of the microstrip phase shift line in the antenna structure is changed along with the position of the lens antenna unit on the lens antenna array surface, so as to compensate the space phase difference from the feed source antenna positioned at the focus to different positions on the lens antenna array surface.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a novel ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form, as shown in fig. 1, said lens antenna comprising: the feed source antenna is arranged at the focus of the lens array surface, and the lens array surface comprises a plurality of lens antenna units distributed on the metal strip floor in an array manner; as shown in fig. 2, the lens antenna unit is a grid-shaped structure, and is perpendicular to the metal strip floor, and the upper half part and the lower half part of the lens antenna unit are basically the same in structure; the upper half structure of the lens antenna unit comprises: the device comprises a medium substrate with a groove, an index gradual change groove, a microstrip line-to-groove line feed structure, a microstrip phase shift line, a metal strip floor, a via hole and a metal strip;
the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 7.
The two dielectric substrates correspond to the two polarizations respectively and are vertically inserted in opposite directions through the grooving positions; the index gradient groove is printed on the front surface of the medium substrate; the slot line part of the microstrip line slot line rotating feed structure is connected with the narrow end of the index gradual change slot and is printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line part of the microstrip line rotary slot line feed structure is printed on the back of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip phase shift line is connected with microstrip line parts of the microstrip line slot line feed structures of the upper and lower parts and is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the two metal strip floors are vertical to each other, staggered up and down in position and respectively penetrate through the two medium substrates; the through hole is used for communicating the metal printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate with the metal strip printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the metal strip printed on the back of the dielectric substrate is positioned at the grooving position of the other dielectric substrate and is connected with metal at the groove edge on the grooving dielectric substrate. The lower half structure is substantially identical to the upper half structure. The feed source antenna is a horn antenna, an ultra wide band phased array antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, a dielectric rod antenna, a ridged horn antenna or a log periodic antenna. The index gradient slot is an antenna radiator and has stable radiation characteristics in an ultra-wide frequency band. The opposite insertion positions of the two dielectric substrate cutting grooves need to be electrically connected, so that resonance in a working frequency band is avoided. The microstrip line rotary slot line feed structure is an ultra wide band feed structure and can provide stable input impedance for Vivaldi antennas. The complete microstrip phase-shifting line connects the microstrip line parts of the upper and lower microstrip line slot line rotating line feed structures, so that electromagnetic energy is transmitted from the receiving antenna unit to the transmitting antenna unit. The length of each segment of broken line is changed along with the position of the lens antenna unit on the lens antenna array surface, so as to compensate the space phase difference of the feed antenna to different positions on the lens antenna array surface. A larger phase shifting range can be obtained by properly increasing the length of the microstrip phase shifting line and increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate. The metal strip floors which are staggered up and down and vertical to each other in the antenna structure are respectively used as two polarized floors in the dual-polarized unit. The metal strip floor can be replaced by steel wires, and the distance between the steel wires is not more than lambda/10, wherein lambda is the highest frequency of unit operation.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the present embodiment, the lens antenna unit uses a metal strip as a floor, and the overall size of the unit is 9 × 9 × 60mm3Corresponding to 0.48X 3.2. lambda3Where λ is the free space wavelength at 16 GHz. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.254mm, and the dielectric constant is 3.5; the line width of the microstrip phase shifting line is 0.2 mm; the diameter of the via hole is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the metal strip floor is 0.6mm, and the width of the metal strip floor is 6.5 mm. The lens antenna element includes, but is not limited to, the dimensions and dielectric parameters described above.
Multiple views of the basic lens unit structure are shown in fig. 2-6, an index gradient slot 104 printed on a first dielectric substrate 103 is used as a radiator of an antenna, and the antenna has stable radiation characteristics in an ultra-wide frequency band; a slot line part 105 of the microstrip line-to-slot line feed structure is connected with the narrow end of the exponential gradient slot 104, and a microstrip line part 108 of the microstrip line-to-slot line feed structure is connected with a microstrip phase-shifting line 109; the metal strip floor 106 and the metal strip floor 110 are staggered up and down, are perpendicular to each other, and respectively penetrate through the first dielectric substrate 103 and the second dielectric substrate 107; the first dielectric substrate 103 and the second dielectric substrate 107 are vertically inserted into each other through the cut groove 111 and the cut groove 105; the through holes 112 respectively communicate the metal strips 113 on the first dielectric substrate 103 and the metal strips 114 on the second dielectric substrate 107 with the metal copper-clad layers on the other sides of the two dielectrics; the metal strip 113 and the copper clad metal communicated through the via 112 are located at the position of the incision 115 and are electrically connected with the copper clad metal at the edge of the incision 115, and the metal strip 114 and the copper clad metal communicated through the via 112 are located at the position of the incision 111 and are electrically connected with the copper clad metal at the edge of the incision 111, so that a lattice-shaped array surface structure is formed.
The working frequency band of the first embodiment is 5 to 16 GHz. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, there are graphs of transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the designed ultra-wideband dual-polarization Vivaldi lens antenna unit along with the total length of the microstrip phase-shifting line at four typical frequencies, which are 5, 8, 12 and 16GHz, respectively. The total length of the microstrip phase shift line is changed from 17-72 mm. It can be seen that the total length of the microstrip phase shift line is about 62mm except for 16GHz, the transmission loss reaches 1.5dB, and most of the transmission loss is within 1dB, which is significantly improved compared with the conventional lens antenna unit. In addition, transmission phase curves under different frequencies are changed linearly along with the change of the total length of the microstrip phase-shifting line, the ultra-wideband phase-shifting characteristic of the ultra-wideband Vivaldi lens antenna unit is shown, the effect of compensating the spatial phase by a real time delay line can be realized, and the spatial phase difference from the feed source antenna positioned at the focus to units at different positions on the lens array surface under different frequencies can be compensated better. In addition, a larger phase shifting range can be obtained by properly increasing the length of the microstrip phase shifting line and increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
Example two:
in this embodiment, the aperture surface of the lens antenna is square, and includes 23 × 22 lens antenna units corresponding to 207 × 198mm2The focal length of the lens antenna is 87mm, and a double-ridge horn antenna is used as a feed source antenna. The lens antenna unit adopts steel wires as a floor, each unit comprises 6 multiplied by 6 steel wires, and the whole unit size is 9 multiplied by 60mm3Corresponding to 0.48X 3.2. lambda3Where λ is the free space wavelength at 16 GHz. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.254mm, and the dielectric constant is 3.5; the line width of the microstrip phase shifting line is 0.2 mm; the diameter of the via hole is 0.5 mm; the diameter of the steel wire is 0.5mm, and the distance is 1 mm. The lens antenna element includes, but is not limited to, the dimensions and dielectric parameters described above.
The three-dimensional structure of the basic lens unit is shown in fig. 7, and compared with the second figure, the metal strip floor is replaced by a steel wire.
The working frequency band is designed to be 5-16 GHz.
Fig. 10 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment at 5 GHz. The side lobe of the main polarization is raised to-12 dB near 90 degrees, which is caused by the fact that the width of the beam of the double-ridged horn is too wide in a low frequency band; and cross polarization is less than-30 dB.
Fig. 11 shows the H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment at 5 GHz. It can be seen that the side lobe of the main polarization is lowered compared to the E-plane; while the cross polarization is deteriorated but still below-25 dB.
Fig. 12 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna in the present embodiment at 8 GHz. The wave beam of the main polarization is narrowed, and the side lobe is lowered; and cross polarization is less than-34 dB.
Fig. 13 shows the H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment at 8 GHz. The waveform of the H-plane main polarization is deteriorated due to the waveform deterioration of the double-ridge horn; the cross polarization is less than-25 dB.
Fig. 14 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment at 12 GHz. The wave beam of the main polarization is further narrowed, and the side lobe is smaller than-22 dB; while the cross polarization is still less than-30 dB.
Fig. 15 shows the H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment at 12 GHz. The wave beam of the main polarization is further narrowed, and the side lobe is lowered; the cross polarization is less than-25 dB.
Fig. 16 shows the E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna in the present embodiment at 16 GHz. The main polarization beam is further narrowed, but the cross polarization is deteriorated, which is less than-20 dB, mainly caused by the deterioration of the feed cross polarization and the cross polarization performance of the lens unit.
Fig. 17 shows the H-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna in this embodiment at 16 GHz. The main polarized beam is further narrowed and the side lobe is lowered.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the variation of the peak gain with frequency in the 4-17 GHz band of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form in the present embodiment.
In conclusion, the designed ultra-wideband dual-polarization Vivaldi lens unit has good transmission performance on bandwidths exceeding 3 frequency doubling frequencies. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens array surface formed by the unit has stable radiation patterns under four typical frequencies, main polarized patterns of an E surface and an H surface are good in symmetry in a side-emitting direction, and both side lobes and cross polarization are low. In addition, the peak gain is in accordance with the physical law of the aperture antenna along with the frequency change. The performance of the novel ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on the Vivaldi antenna form is remarkably improved compared with that of a traditional planar lens antenna.
Claims (4)
1. An ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna in the form of a Vivaldi antenna, the lens antenna comprising: a feed antenna, a lens array surface; wherein the lens array contains a plurality of lens antenna unit that the array was arranged unanimously to the orientation, and each lens antenna unit includes: the first metal strip floor board comprises a first medium substrate, a second medium substrate, a first metal strip floor board and a second metal strip floor board; the plate surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are rectangular, the plate surfaces are vertical, and the long sides are in contact with each other; the surfaces of the first metal strip floor and the second metal strip floor are vertical to the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the first metal strip floor penetrates through the middle of the first dielectric substrate, the second metal strip floor penetrates through the middle of the second dielectric substrate, and the first metal strip floor and the second metal strip floor form a laminated structure; the plate surface structures of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are completely the same, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate both comprise an upper Vivaldi antenna and a lower Vivaldi antenna which are opposite, the Vivaldi antenna comprises a front surface and a back surface, and the front surface comprises: the back surfaces of the two index gradient slots and the circular slot line comprise feed microstrip pieces; the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate form a vertically symmetrical structure, an upper feeding microstrip piece and a lower feeding microstrip piece on the back are connected by a microstrip phase shifting line, and the microstrip phase shifting line is in a square wave shape; the first dielectric substrate of the adjacent lens antenna units is communicated to form a whole dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate is communicated to form a whole dielectric substrate, the starting ends of the index gradient grooves of the Vivaldi antennas in the adjacent lens antenna units are electrically connected, the first metal strip floor is communicated to form a whole floor, and the second metal strip floor is communicated to form a whole floor.
2. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first dielectric substrate is provided with vertical slots at its upper portion, and the slots extend from the back surface of the corresponding lower portion to form metal strips, in which a plurality of metal vias are uniformly arranged; a vertical cutting groove is formed in the lower portion of the second dielectric substrate, a metal strip is arranged on the back surface of the upper portion of the cutting groove in an extending mode, and a plurality of metal through holes are evenly distributed in the metal strip; the cutting groove on the upper part of the first dielectric substrate and the cutting groove on the lower part of the second dielectric substrate are matched with each other and used for oppositely inserting and clamping the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.
3. An ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna in the form of a Vivaldi-based antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length of each meander line of the square-wave microstrip phasing line on the back side of the lens antenna element varies with the position of the lens antenna element on the lens antenna array to compensate for the spatial phase difference of the feed antenna to different positions on the lens array.
4. An ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna based on Vivaldi antenna form as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first metal strip floor or the second metal strip floor is a metal plate structure or a metal wire mesh structure, the metal wire spacing of the metal wire mesh structure is not more than λ/10, where λ is the highest frequency of unit operation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113410625B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-10-04 | 西安理工大学 | 3D arched ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna and manufacturing method |
| US11855345B2 (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2023-12-26 | Pctel, Inc. | Thin metal Vivaldi antenna systems |
| CN115296047B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-27 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly coupled circularly polarized common-caliber antenna |
| CN116613544B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2024-02-23 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Compact high gain broadband lens antenna |
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