CN113764878B - Beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna - Google Patents
Beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113764878B CN113764878B CN202111007790.2A CN202111007790A CN113764878B CN 113764878 B CN113764878 B CN 113764878B CN 202111007790 A CN202111007790 A CN 202111007790A CN 113764878 B CN113764878 B CN 113764878B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/01—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, two coplanar waveguide feed parts, two transition parts and a leaky-wave structure, wherein the two coplanar waveguide feed parts are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the leaky wave structure is positioned between the two transition parts; the two transition parts are respectively connected with the antenna port through a coplanar waveguide feed part; the leaky wave structure comprises an SSPP transmission line and a plurality of metal patches; the SSPP transmission line is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate; the SSPP transmission line comprises a metal belt and a plurality of SSPP unit grooves, and two ends of the metal belt are respectively connected with two transition parts; the SSPP unit grooves are arranged on the same side of the metal belt at equal intervals; a varactor is arranged between each SSPP unit groove and the metal belt, and a plurality of metal patches are uniformly distributed on the same side of the SSPP transmission line and are arranged on the same side as the SSPP unit grooves; the invention realizes the continuous scanning characteristic of the wave beam from the backward direction to the forward direction in the wide frequency band and the wave beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point, and has the advantages of large scanning range and compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna.
Background
The antenna is a key component in the wireless communication system, and plays a role in converting guided electromagnetic waves and radiating electromagnetic wave energy, and the performance of the antenna directly influences various indexes of the whole wireless communication system. In recent years, as research into the field of antennas is advanced, different antennas are required to be designed for different communication systems.
The reconfigurable antenna means that the relation among array elements in the multi-antenna array can be flexibly changed according to actual conditions, and is not fixed; the antenna performance can be reconstructed mainly by adjusting a state variable device; the reconfigurable antenna can dynamically change the working mode of the antenna to meet different communication requirements, and can realize multiple functions through a single antenna.
At present, the existing reconfigurable antenna can realize the continuous scanning characteristic of the beam from the back to the front in the frequency band or the beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point, but the reconfigurable antenna with the continuous scanning characteristic of the beam from the back to the front in the frequency band and the beam scanning characteristic of the single frequency point is not found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna to solve the technical problems that the existing reconfigurable antenna cannot realize continuous scanning of a beam from backward to forward in a broadband and does not have the beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, two coplanar waveguide feed parts, two transition parts and a leaky-wave structure, wherein the two coplanar waveguide feed parts are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the leaky wave structure is positioned between the two transition parts; the two transition parts are respectively connected with the antenna port through a coplanar waveguide feed part;
the leaky wave structure comprises an SSPP transmission line and a plurality of metal patches; the SSPP transmission line is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate; the SSPP transmission line comprises a metal belt and a plurality of SSPP unit grooves, and two ends of the metal belt are respectively connected with two transition parts; the SSPP unit grooves are arranged on the same side of the metal belt at equal intervals;
a varactor is arranged between each SSPP unit groove and the metal belt, the positive electrode of the varactor is connected with the metal belt, and the negative electrode of the varactor is connected with the SSPP unit groove; the metal patches are uniformly distributed on the same side of the SSPP transmission line and are arranged on the same side of the SSPP unit groove.
Further, the coplanar waveguide feed part comprises a central signal line and two metal grounds; the central signal line is positioned on the central line of the medium substrate, one end of the central signal line is connected with the antenna port, and the other end of the central signal line is connected with the transition part; the two metal grounds are respectively arranged at two sides of the central signal wire, a gap is arranged between the metal grounds and the central signal wire, and the metal grounds are connected with the transition part.
Further, the transition part comprises a transmission line and two gradual changes; one end of the transmission line is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed part, and the other end of the transmission line is connected with the leaky wave structure; the two graded grounds are respectively arranged at two sides of the transmission line, and one end of each graded ground is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed part; the other end of the gradual change ground is gradually splayed towards the direction of the leaky wave structure and is far away from the transmission line.
Further, a plurality of arrangement grooves are formed in one side of the transmission line, and the center distances of adjacent arrangement grooves are equal; the opening lengths of the plurality of arrangement grooves are gradually changed from small to large from one end close to the coplanar waveguide feed part to one end close to the leaky wave structure.
Further, the metal patch adopts a circular patch, the radius of the circular patch is 13mm, and the center distance between adjacent circular patches is 36mm; the minimum spacing of the circular patch from the SSPP cell slot was 1.5mm.
Further, the medium substrate adopts an F4B substrate; wherein, the thickness of the F4B substrate is 0.5mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.56, and the loss tangent angle is 0.003.
Further, the positive and negative bias voltages of the varactors are adjusted to adjust the beam direction and the beam width characteristics of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna.
Further, the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide feed portion is matched with the characteristic impedance of the transition portion, and the characteristic impedance of the transition portion is matched with the characteristic impedance of the leaky wave structure.
Further, the capacitance of the varactor is 0.23-2.1pF.
Further, the structural size of the SSPP unit groove is adjusted, so that the working frequency band characteristic of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna can be adjusted; the structural dimensions of the SSPP unit groove comprise the groove depth and the groove width of the SSPP unit groove and the center-to-center spacing of the adjacent SSPP unit grooves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, which is characterized in that a coplanar waveguide feed part, a transition part and a leaky-wave structure are arranged on a dielectric substrate, electromagnetic signals are transmitted from the coplanar waveguide feed part to an SSPP transmission line of the leaky-wave structure through the transition part, the SSPP transmission line supports a slow wave surface wave mode, slow waves cannot radiate to free space, a plurality of metal patches are loaded on the groove side of the SSPP transmission line to introduce periodic modulation, so that the structure of the wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna becomes the leaky-wave structure capable of radiating, electromagnetic signals are radiated to the free space, and the upper space and the lower space of a pattern of the antenna show symmetrical characteristics due to the fact that the back surface of the leaky-wave antenna has no metal ground, and wide-angle scanning of wave beams from backward to forward is realized in a wide frequency band; through loading the varactor between the metal strip of the SSPP and the SSPP unit groove, the effective groove depth of the SSPP unit is different by adjusting the bias voltage at two ends of the varactor, so that the dispersion curve of the SSPP unit is changed, the main radiation direction of the leaky-wave antenna is changed, the beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point can be realized, and the leaky-wave antenna with reconfigurable beam is obtained; the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of large scanning range, compact structure and low cost, and is suitable for a planar integrated communication system.
Furthermore, the feed part adopts the combination of the central signal line and two metal grounds as a coplanar waveguide, and the metal grounds and the conduction band of the coplanar waveguide are on the same plane, thereby being more beneficial to the integration of the designed device.
Furthermore, the transition part adopts a gradual change structure, a transmission line is arranged between the two gradual change structures, and a plurality of distribution grooves with gradually changed openings are arranged on the transmission line, so that the conversion from the coplanar waveguide part to the leaky wave structure part is realized; the coplanar waveguide is a double-conductor transmission line which propagates in a quasi-TEM mode, the SSPP transmission line propagates by means of a single conductor, the propagation mode is a TM mode, the conversion from the coplanar waveguide part to the leaky wave structure part is completed through an exponentially graded metal ground and a plurality of distribution grooves with gradually changed openings formed in the transmission line, and in the transition part, the quasi-TEM mode and the TM mode surface waves exist; through the size of reasonable design transition structure, both can realize impedance match, can reduce the energy again and radiate at transition structure department, improve transmission efficiency.
Furthermore, the circular patches are periodically arranged on the groove side of the SSPP transmission line, periodic modulation is introduced, and higher space harmonic waves are excited, so that the structure of the circular patches becomes a leaky wave structure capable of radiating, and electromagnetic signals are radiated into free space.
Furthermore, the F4B substrate has small loss, stable dielectric constant, good radiation resistance, good electrical performance and higher mechanical strength, and is an excellent microwave printed circuit substrate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transition portion structure in a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an SSPP transmission line in a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 shows an example of an S corresponding to the capacitance value of the varactor diode of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna of 0.23pF to 0.42pF 11 And a simulation result graph of gain;
fig. 5 shows an example of an S corresponding to a capacitance value of 0.60pF to 2.10pF of a varactor diode of a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna 11 And a simulation result graph of gain;
FIG. 6 is a radiation pattern of a beam angle versus frequency scan of a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, when the capacitance of the varactor diode in the X-Z plane is 0.23 pF;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the main radiation direction and the frequency variation of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to the embodiment;
fig. 8 is a beam scanning pattern of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to the embodiment, wherein the frequency of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is 4GHz on the X-Z plane.
The device comprises a coplanar waveguide feed part 1, a transition part 2, a leaky wave structure 3 and a dielectric substrate 4; 11 center signal line, 12 metal ground; 21 transmission line, 22 gradiently; 211 arrangement grooves; 31SSPP transmission line, 32 metal patch; 311 metal strips, 312SSPP cell slots, 313 varactors.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the following specific embodiments are used for further describing the invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, which comprises two coplanar waveguide feed parts 1, two transition parts 2, a leaky-wave structure 3 and a dielectric substrate 4, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed parts 1, the transition parts 2 and the leaky-wave structure 3 are all arranged on the dielectric substrate 4; the leaky wave structure 3 is positioned between the two transition parts 2, and two ends of the leaky wave structure 3 are respectively connected with the two transition parts 2; the two transition parts 2 are respectively connected with the antenna port through a coplanar waveguide feed part 1; one end of the coplanar waveguide feed part 1 is a transition part 2, and the other end is an antenna port; one end of the transition part 2 is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed part 1, and the other end is connected with the leaky wave structure 3.
The coplanar waveguide feed part 1 comprises a central signal line 11 and two metal grounds 12, wherein the central signal line 11 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4; one end of the central signal line 11 is connected with the antenna port, and the other end is connected with the transition part 2; two metal grounds 12 are respectively disposed at both sides of the central signal line 11, the metal grounds 12 are connected with the transition part 2, and a gap is disposed between the metal grounds 12 and the central signal line 11.
The transition part 2 comprises a transmission line 21 and two gradual change lands 22, the transmission line 21 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4, one end of the transmission line 21 is connected with the central signal line 11 of the coplanar waveguide feed part 1, and the other end of the transmission line 21 is connected with the leaky wave structure 3; a plurality of arrangement grooves 211 are formed on one side of the transmission line 21, and the center distances of adjacent arrangement grooves 211 are equal; the opening lengths of the plurality of arrangement grooves 211 are gradually changed from small to large from one end close to the coplanar waveguide feed part 1 to one end close to the leaky wave structure 3; two graded lands 22 are respectively arranged at two sides of the transmission line 21, and a gap is arranged between the graded lands 22 and the transmission line 21; one end of the graded ground 22 is connected with the metal ground 12 of the coplanar waveguide feed section 1, and the other end of the graded ground 22 is gradually flared in a horn shape toward the leaky wave structure 3 and away from the transmission line 21.
The leaky wave structure 3 comprises an SSPP transmission line 31 and a plurality of metal patches 32, and the SSPP transmission line 31 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4; one end of the SSPP transmission line 31 is connected to the transmission line of one of the transition sections 2, and the other end is connected to the transmission line of the other transition section 2; the SSPP transmission line 31 comprises a metal strip 311 and a plurality of SSPP unit slots 312, wherein the metal strip 311 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4 and between the two transition parts 2; one end of the metal strip 311 is connected to the transmission line of one of the transition sections 2, and the other end of the metal strip 311 is connected to the transmission line of the other transition section 2.
Several SSPP cell slots 312 are equally spaced on the same side of the metal strip 311; a varactor 313 is arranged between each SSPP cell groove 312 and the metal belt 311, the positive electrode of the varactor 313 is connected with the metal belt 311, and the negative electrode of the varactor 313 is connected with the SSPP cell groove 312; the metal patches 32 are uniformly distributed on the same side of the SSPP transmission line 31, and the metal patches 32 are periodically distributed at equal intervals; also, the metal patch 32 is provided on the same side as the SSPP cell groove 312, and the SSPP cell groove 312 is located between the metal patch 32 and the metal belt 311.
The medium substrate 4 adopts an F4B substrate; the coplanar waveguide feed part 1, the transition part 2 and the leaky wave structure 3 are manufactured on the surface of the F4B substrate through a printed circuit board process.
Working principle:
electromagnetic signals are fed into an SSPP transmission line 31 of the leaky wave structure 3 through the coplanar waveguide feed part 1 by the transition part 2; then, the SSPP transmission line 31 supports a slow wave surface wave mode, slow waves cannot radiate into free space, periodic modulation is introduced by loading a plurality of metal patches 32 on the groove side of the SSPP transmission line 31, and high-order space harmonic waves are excited, so that the structure of the SSPP transmission line becomes a leaky wave structure capable of radiating, electromagnetic signals are radiated into the free space, and as the back surface of the leaky wave antenna has no metal ground, the upper space and the lower space of the pattern of the antenna show symmetrical characteristics, and wide-angle scanning of wave beams from backward to forward is realized in a wide frequency band; the variable capacitance diode 313 is loaded on the SSPP units 311 and 312, and the effective groove depths of the SSPP units are different by changing the bias voltages at the two ends of the variable capacitance diode 313, so that the dispersion curve of the SSPP units is changed, the main radiation direction of the leaky-wave antenna is changed, the beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point can be realized, and the leaky-wave antenna with a reconfigurable beam is obtained.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, which includes two coplanar waveguide feed portions 1, two transition portions 2, a leaky-wave structure and a dielectric substrate 4; the coplanar waveguide feed part 1, the transition part 2 and the leaky wave structure 3 are all arranged on the dielectric substrate 4.
In this embodiment, the coplanar waveguide feed portion 1, the transition portion 2 and the leaky wave structure 3 are all fabricated on the dielectric substrate 4 by a printed circuit board process; the medium substrate 4 adopts an F4B substrate; wherein, the size characteristics of F4B base plate are: length x width = 320 x 62mm, thickness 0.5mm; the relative dielectric constant of the F4B substrate was 2.56, and the loss tangent angle was 0.003.
The leaky wave structure 3 has radiation capability, and the leaky wave structure 3 is positioned between the two transition parts 2; two ends of the leaky wave structure 3 are respectively connected with two transition parts 2, and the two transition parts 2 are respectively connected with an antenna port through a coplanar waveguide feed part 1; the transition part 2 is used as a transition between the coplanar waveguide feed part 1 and the leaky wave structure 3, one end of the first transition part is connected with one end of the leaky wave structure 3, the other end of the first transition part is connected with one end of the first coplanar waveguide feed part, and the other end of the first coplanar waveguide feed structure is connected with one antenna port; the other end of the leaky wave structure 3 is connected to one end of a second transition portion, the other end of which is connected to one end of a second coplanar waveguide feed portion, the other end of which is connected to another antenna port.
The coplanar waveguide feed part 1 comprises a central signal line 11 and two metal grounds 12, wherein the central signal line 11 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4; one end of the central signal line 11 is connected to the antenna port, and the other end is connected to the transmission line 21 in the transition section 2; two metal grounds 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the central signal line 11, the metal grounds 12 are connected with the gradual change ground 22 in the transition part 2, and a gap is arranged between the metal grounds 12 and the central signal line 11.
In the present embodiment, the length direction of the coplanar waveguide feed section 11 is identical to the length direction of the dielectric substrate 4, and the length of the coplanar waveguide feed section 11 is 10mm; wherein the width of the central signal line 11 is 5mm; the gap width between the metal ground 12 and the center signal line 11 is 0.28mm.
In the present embodiment, the length direction of the transition portion 2 coincides with the length direction of the dielectric substrate 4; the length of the transition part 2 is 60mm; the transition part 2 comprises a transmission line 21 and two gradual change lands 22, the transmission line 21 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4, one end of the transmission line 21 is connected with the central signal line 11 of the coplanar waveguide feed part 1, and the other end of the transmission line 21 is connected with the metal belt 311 of the leaky wave structure 3; a plurality of grooves 211 are arranged on one side of the transmission lines 21, the center-to-center distances of adjacent grooves 211 are equal, and the opening direction of the grooves 211 is same as that of the metal patches of the leaky wave structure 3.
The opening lengths of the plurality of arrangement grooves 211 are gradually changed from small to large from one end close to the coplanar waveguide feed part 1 to one end close to the leaky wave structure 3; two graded lands 22 are respectively arranged at two sides of the transmission line 21, and a gap is arranged between the graded lands 22 and the transmission line 21; one end of the graded ground 22 is connected with the metal ground 12 of the coplanar waveguide feed section 1, and the other end of the graded ground 22 is gradually flared in a horn shape toward the leaky wave structure 3 and away from the transmission line 21.
The leaky wave structure 3 comprises an SSPP transmission line 31 and a plurality of metal patches 32, and the SSPP transmission line 31 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4; one end of the SSPP transmission line 31 is connected to the transmission line of one of the transition sections 2, and the other end is connected to the transmission line of the other transition section 2; the SSPP transmission line 31 comprises a metal strip 311 and a plurality of SSPP unit slots 312, wherein the metal strip 311 is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate 4 and between the two transition parts 2; one end of the metal strip 311 is connected to the transmission line of one of the transition sections 2, and the other end of the metal strip 311 is connected to the transmission line of the other transition section 2.
Several SSPP cell slots 312 are equally spaced on the same side of the metal strip 311; a varactor 313 is arranged between each SSPP cell groove 312 and the metal belt 311, the positive electrode of the varactor 313 is connected with the metal belt 311, and the negative electrode of the varactor 313 is connected with the SSPP cell groove 312; the metal patches 32 are uniformly distributed on the same side of the SSPP transmission line 31, and the metal patches 32 are periodically distributed at equal intervals; also, the metal patch 32 is provided on the same side as the SSPP cell groove 312, and the SSPP cell groove 312 is located between the metal patch 32 and the metal belt 311.
In this embodiment, the length direction of the leaky wave structure 3 is identical to the length direction of the dielectric substrate 4; the length of the leaky wave structure 3 is 200mm, namely the length of the metal belt 311 is 311mm; the width of the metal strip 311 is 5mm; the plurality of SSPP unit grooves 312 are periodically arranged along the metal belt 311, the center-to-center spacing between adjacent SSPP unit grooves 312 is 5mm, the groove width of the SSPP unit grooves 312 is 3mm, and the groove depth is 4mm; a plurality of metal patches 32 are periodically arranged in a straight line along the metal strip 311; preferably, the metal patch 32 is a circular patch; the adjacent metal patches 32 are spaced apart by 36mm centers and the circular patches are spaced apart by a minimum of 1.5mm from the SSPP cell slots 312.
In this embodiment, the capacitance of the varactor 313 is 0.23-2.1pF; adjusting the positive and negative bias voltages of the varactors 313 enables adjustment of the beam pointing and beam width characteristics of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna.
The performance of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to the embodiment is described below with reference to specific simulation results.
Definition: the direction of electromagnetic waves fed into the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is the X direction, the upward direction of the plane perpendicular to the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is the Z direction, and the Y direction is determined according to the right-hand rule; wherein the SSPP transmission line 31 of the leaky wave structure 3 is parallel to the X-direction.
As shown in fig. 4, the capacity value of the varactor diode of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is 0.23pF to 0.42pF corresponding to S in fig. 4 11 And a simulation result graph of gain; as shown in fig. 5, the capacitance value of the varactor diode of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is shown as the following in fig. 5S corresponding to 0.60pF to 2.10pF 11 And a simulation result graph of gain; the capacitance values of the varactors are 0.23pF, 0.27pF, 0.36pF, 0.42pF, 0.60pF, 0.92pF, 1.44pF and 2.10pF, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 4-5, the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna has an S in the range of 4GHz-8GHz as the varactor diode increases from 0.23pF to 2.1pF 11 All are lower than-10 dB, and the impedance matching performance is good. The gain of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna floats between 8.2dBi and 10.5 dBi; it can be obtained that the loading varactor diode has small influence on the impedance matching performance and gain of the leaky-wave antenna, and the beam reconfigurability of the leaky-wave antenna can be realized by using a mode of loading the varactor diode.
As shown in fig. 6, a radiation pattern of the beam angle scanned with frequency at the capacitance value of the X-Z plane varactor diode of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is shown in fig. 6; and when the capacitance value of the varactor is other values, a similar pattern shown in fig. 6 can be obtained; by extracting the angles of all main radiation directions in the upper half space of the antenna, a relation diagram of the main radiation directions along with the change of frequency when the wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna has different capacitance values is drawn and obtained as shown in figure 7.
As can be seen from fig. 6-7, the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna scans from-46 ° to 27 ° in the main radiation direction when the capacity value is 0.23pF in the frequency band of 4GHz-8 GHz; at a capacitance of 0.27pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-46 ° to 30 °; at a capacitance of 0.36pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-45 ° to 35 °; at a capacitance of 0.42pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-44 ° to 38 °; at a capacitance of 0.6pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-43 ° to 48 °; at a capacitance of 0.92pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-42 ° to 62 °. In the frequency band of 4GHz-7.5GHz, when the capacitance value is 1.44pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-41 degrees to 52 degrees; at a capacitance of 2.1pF, the main radiation direction is scanned from-40 ° to 59 °.
The above results illustrate: the wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna loaded with the variable capacitance diode can realize continuous scanning of wave beams under each capacitance, namely the antenna at any capacitance can be used as a traditional leaky-wave antenna; in addition, by analyzing the above data, it can be summarized that: by adjusting the capacitance of the varactor diode, the main radiation direction of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna can be continuously scanned from the backward direction of-46 degrees to the forward direction of 62 degrees, and the total beam scanning range reaches 108 degrees.
As shown in fig. 8, a beam scanning pattern of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna with the frequency of 4GHz on the X-Z plane is shown in fig. 8; similar patterns can be obtained when the frequency is other values; as can be seen from fig. 8, at different values, the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna has different beam pointing angles at the same frequency; when the frequency is 4GHz, the beam scanning range is 6 degrees; the beam scanning range is 9 degrees when the frequency is 4.5 GHz; when the frequency is 4GHz, the beam scanning range is 9 degrees; when the frequency is 5GHz, the beam scanning range is 10 degrees; when the frequency is 5.5GHz, the beam scanning range is 12 degrees; when the frequency is 6GHz, the beam scanning range is 18 degrees; when the frequency is 6.5GHz, the beam scanning range is 6 degrees; when the frequency is 7GHz, the beam scanning range is 22 degrees; at a frequency of 7.5GHz, the beam scanning range is 39 degrees; when the frequency is 8GHz, the beam scanning range is 35 degrees; when the frequency is fixed, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be changed by changing the capacitance value of the varactor, namely, the wave beam can be reconstructed. Therefore, the antenna can also be used as a fixed frequency beam scanning antenna.
In the invention, the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide feed part is 50Ω, the transition part adopts a gradual change structure, and the characteristic impedance of the transition part is matched with the characteristic impedance of the leaky wave structure by arranging a plurality of gradual change arrangement grooves on the transmission line; the leaky wave structure with radiation capability adopts a mode that circular patches are periodically loaded near an SSPP transmission line to form surface plasmons.
The surface plasmon is a free electron resonance phenomenon of an optical band existing at the interface between the metal and the medium, and has the excellent characteristics of near field enhancement, being bound on the surface of the metal, short wavelength and the like; the surface plasmons can generate dispersion and propagation characteristics similar to those of the surface plasmons in a microwave band; because of the special propagation characteristics, the surface plasmons are widely applied to research and design of devices in microwave and terahertz frequency bands; the surface plasmon has the characteristics of large wave number and short wave length, and can realize miniaturization of the artificial surface plasmon device; in addition, the surface plasmon has super strong field constraint on electromagnetic waves, so that the design of the surface plasmon antenna can reduce the coupling between the antennas and is beneficial to application in a narrow space.
According to the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna, a coplanar waveguide feed part, a transition part and a leaky-wave structure are arranged on a dielectric substrate, electromagnetic signals are transmitted from the coplanar waveguide feed part to an SSPP transmission line of the leaky-wave structure through the transition part, are coupled to a metal patch through the SSPP transmission line, and are radiated to a free space through the metal patch; the leaky-wave antenna with the reconfigurable wave beam is obtained by loading the varactors between the metal strips of the SSPP and the SSPP unit grooves and adjusting the bias voltages at the two ends of the varactors, so that the continuous scanning characteristic of the wave beam from the back direction to the front direction in a wide frequency band and the wave beam scanning characteristic of a single frequency point are realized, and the leaky-wave antenna has the characteristics of large scanning range, compact structure and low cost and is suitable for a plane integrated communication system.
The beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna comprises a coplanar waveguide feed part, a transition part and a leaky-wave structure, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed part is arranged on the coplanar waveguide feed part; the transition part is used for realizing the transition from the coplanar waveguide feed part to the leaky wave structure with radiation capability; in the invention, the transition part adopts a gradual change structure, and units with gradually changed groove depths are also required to be arranged so as to realize impedance matching; the leaky wave structure part with radiation capability is formed by periodically loading a circular patch on the same side of the SSPP transmission line, electromagnetic wave energy is firstly transmitted to the SSPP transmission line from the coplanar waveguide feed part through the transition part, then is coupled to the circular patch from the SSPP transmission line, and is radiated to a free space through the circular patch; the SSPP transmission line adopts a metal strip SSPP unit structure with a single side slot formed in a metal strip, and the working frequency band of the antenna can be changed by changing the structural size of the SSPP unit slot; by loading a varactor between the SSPP cell slot and the metal strap, the antenna is made a leaky wave antenna with reconfigurable beam by varying the bias voltage across the varactor.
The above embodiment is only one of the implementation manners capable of implementing the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the embodiment, but also includes any changes, substitutions and other implementation manners easily recognized by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (4), two coplanar waveguide feed parts (1) arranged on the dielectric substrate (4), two transition parts (2) and a leaky-wave structure (3); the wave leakage structure (3) is positioned between the two transition parts (2); the two transition parts (2) are respectively connected with the antenna port through a coplanar waveguide feed part (1);
the leaky wave structure (3) comprises an SSPP transmission line (31) and a plurality of metal patches (32); the SSPP transmission line (31) is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate (4); the SSPP transmission line (31) comprises a metal belt (311) and a plurality of SSPP unit grooves (312), wherein two ends of the metal belt (311) are respectively connected with two transition parts (2); the SSPP unit grooves (312) are arranged on the same side of the metal belt (311) at equal intervals;
a varactor (313) is arranged between each SSPP cell groove (312) and the metal belt (311), the anode of the varactor (313) is connected with the metal belt (311), and the cathode of the varactor (313) is connected with the SSPP cell groove (312); the metal patches (32) are uniformly distributed on the same side of the SSPP transmission line (31) and are arranged on the same side of the SSPP unit groove (312);
the positive and negative bias voltages of the varactors (313) are adjusted to adjust the beam direction and the beam width characteristics of the beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna;
the metal patch (32) adopts a circular patch, the radius of the circular patch is 13mm, and the center distance between adjacent circular patches is 36mm; the minimum spacing of the circular patch from the SSPP cell slot (312) is 1.5mm;
the capacitance of the varactor (313) is 0.23-2.1pF.
2. A beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed section (1) includes a central signal line (11) and two metallic grounds (12); the central signal line (11) is positioned on the central line of the dielectric substrate (4), one end of the central signal line (11) is connected with the antenna port, and the other end of the central signal line is connected with the transition part (2); two metal grounds (12) are respectively arranged at two sides of the central signal line (11), a gap is arranged between the metal grounds (12) and the central signal line (11), and the metal grounds (12) are connected with the transition part (2).
3. A beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the transition portion (2) comprises a transmission line (21) and two graduating grounds (22); one end of a transmission line (21) is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed part (1), and the other end is connected with the leaky wave structure (3); two graded grounds (22) are respectively arranged at two sides of the transmission line (21), and one end of each graded ground (22) is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed part (1); the other end of the gradual change ground (22) gradually flares towards the direction of the leaky wave structure (3) and is gradually flared away from the transmission line (21).
4. A beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of arrangement grooves (211) are provided on one side of the transmission line (21), and the center-to-center distances of adjacent arrangement grooves (211) are equal; the opening lengths of the plurality of arrangement grooves (211) are gradually changed from small to large from one end close to the coplanar waveguide feed part (1) to one end close to the leaky wave structure (3).
5. A beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (4) is an F4B substrate; wherein, the thickness of the F4B substrate is 0.5mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.56, and the loss tangent angle is 0.003.
6. A beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide feed section (1) is matched to the characteristic impedance of the transition section (2) and the characteristic impedance of the transition section (2) is matched to the characteristic impedance of the leaky-wave structure (3).
7. The beam-reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna of claim 1, wherein adjusting the structural dimensions of SSPP element slots (312) enables adjusting the operating band characteristics of the beam-reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna; the structural dimensions of the SSPP unit slots (312) include the slot depth, slot width, and center-to-center spacing of adjacent SSPP unit slots (312).
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| CN114614264A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-06-10 | 深圳市汇芯通信技术有限公司 | Leaky-wave antenna and electronic device |
| CN114824755A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Leaky-wave antenna based on SSPP |
| CN114927877B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-04-16 | 南京邮电大学 | Fixed-frequency beam scanning reconfigurable antenna based on comb-like line substrate integrated waveguide |
| CN116937091B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-08 | 中国计量大学 | Reconfigurable band-pass filter of SSPP and SIW hybrid circuit |
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