CN112038778B - Broadband circularly polarized antenna array - Google Patents
Broadband circularly polarized antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112038778B CN112038778B CN202010832096.3A CN202010832096A CN112038778B CN 112038778 B CN112038778 B CN 112038778B CN 202010832096 A CN202010832096 A CN 202010832096A CN 112038778 B CN112038778 B CN 112038778B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a broadband circularly polarized antenna array, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The broadband circularly polarized antenna array comprises a feed network unit, an antenna unit and a microstrip line feed port, wherein the microstrip line feed port is coupled with the feed network unit through a microstrip line; the feed network unit comprises a feed network layer, and the feed network layer comprises a plurality of microstrip line power dividers connected by graded microstrip lines; the microstrip line feed port is used for receiving a signal to be sent and feeding the signal to be sent into the feed network layer; the feed network layer is used for receiving the signal to be sent fed in by the microstrip line feed port and sending the signal to be sent to the antenna unit; the antenna unit is used for receiving the signals to be sent by the feed network layer and sending the signals to be sent in the form of circularly polarized millimeter waves, so that the broadband transmission characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna can be supported, and the bandwidth of the broadband circularly polarized antenna array is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband circularly polarized antenna array.
Background
Antennas have a very important role in radio communication systems, and are responsible for converting guided waves transmitted on transmission lines into electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted in free space. Systems utilizing electromagnetic waves to transmit information all rely on antennas to work, and the performance of the antennas directly affects the performance of the whole mobile communication system, so that the requirements on broadband antennas are higher and higher along with the high-speed development of mobile data transmission technology.
At the present stage, millimeter wave communication research and development and industrialization are in rapid development orbit, compared with a middle-low frequency spectrum (Sub-6GHz), a millimeter wave (30-300GHz) frequency band has abundant frequency spectrum resources, and has the advantages of ultrahigh speed and ultra-large bandwidth in the aspect of hot spot communication, so that the problem of shortage of signal frequency spectrum resources in low-frequency wireless communication below 6GHz can be effectively solved, and the circular polarized antenna array with superiority in resisting multipath effect has quite wide application prospect.
However, the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna array which can be used for millimeter waves is narrow, the broadband performance is low, and the bandwidth is to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a broadband circularly polarized antenna array so as to improve the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna array and improve the broadband performance. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wideband circularly polarized antenna array, including: the antenna comprises a feed network unit 1, an antenna unit 2 and a microstrip line feed port 3, wherein the microstrip line feed port 3 is coupled with the feed network unit 1 through a microstrip line;
the feed network unit 1 comprises a feed network layer 11, and the feed network layer 11 comprises a plurality of microstrip line power dividers 111 connected by graded microstrip lines;
the microstrip line feed port 3 is configured to receive a signal to be sent, and feed the signal to be sent to the feed network layer 11;
the feeding network layer 11 is configured to receive the signal to be sent fed in from the microstrip line feeding port 3, and send the signal to be sent to the antenna unit 2;
the antenna unit 2 is configured to receive the signal to be sent by the feed network layer 11, and send the signal to be sent in a form of circularly polarized millimeter waves.
In a possible implementation manner, the antenna unit 2 includes a first metal layer 21, a first dielectric layer 22, and a second metal layer 23, which are sequentially disposed, and a plurality of first metallization holes 221 for connecting the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 23 are formed in the first dielectric layer 22;
the first metal layer 21 includes a plurality of first metal radiating elements, and the second metal layer 22 includes a plurality of second metal radiating elements, each first metal radiating element is connected to one second metal radiating element through a first metalized via 221, so as to form a double-layer radiating element.
In a possible implementation manner, the feed network unit 1 further includes a second dielectric layer 12, a third metal layer 13, and a third dielectric layer 14, which are sequentially disposed, where the second dielectric layer 12 is provided with a plurality of second metalized holes 121, the third metal layer 13 is provided with a plurality of metal channels 131, and the third dielectric layer 14 is provided with a plurality of third metalized holes 141;
one end of each third metalized hole 141, which is far away from the second dielectric layer 12, is coupled to an output end of one microstrip line power divider 111, and is configured to transmit a signal to be transmitted, which is output by the output end of the microstrip line power divider 111, so that the signal to be transmitted is transmitted to the antenna unit 2 through one third metalized hole 141, one metal channel 131, and one second metalized hole 121 in sequence.
In a possible implementation manner, the feeding network layer 11 is disposed on a side of the third dielectric layer 14 away from the third metal layer 13.
In one possible implementation, the microstrip line power divider 111 is a T-shaped power divider.
In one possible implementation, the first metal radiating element and the second metal radiating element are a first metal radiating strip and a second metal radiating strip defined by an archimedes curve equation, respectively.
In a possible implementation, the width of the first metal radiating strip is greater than the width of the second metal radiating strip.
In one possible implementation, the antenna array comprises 8 by 8 of the antenna elements 2;
the plurality of microstrip line power splitters 111 in the feed network layer 11 form a feed network of 1 to 64.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the broadband circularly polarized antenna array provided by the embodiment of the invention can receive a signal to be transmitted through the microstrip line port, feed the signal to be transmitted into each microstrip line power divider in the antenna array through the microstrip line, feed power to the antenna unit through the microstrip line power divider, and send the signal to be transmitted outwards through the antenna unit; the invention adopts the gradually-changed microstrip line, so that the feed network layer can provide a resonance point for a wider-spectrum signal when transmitting the signal, the impedance matching between the feed network unit and the antenna unit is improved, the signal reflection caused by the sudden change of the transmission line impedance in the signal transmission process is reduced, the signal to be transmitted is stably and efficiently transmitted in a wider frequency band range, the broadband transmission characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna can be supported, and the bandwidth of the broadband circularly polarized antenna array is improved.
Of course, not all advantages described above need to be achieved at the same time in the practice of any one product or method of the present application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other embodiments can be obtained by using the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a partial side view of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a partial top view of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed network layer of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is an S parameter diagram of a power divider of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the present applicationS for feeding of broadband circularly polarized antenna array11A drawing;
fig. 8 is an axial ratio diagram of a feed of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a normalized radiation pattern of an E-plane and an H-plane when a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application performs 25GHz feeding;
fig. 10 is a normalized radiation pattern of the E-plane and the H-plane when the wideband circularly polarized antenna array of the present application performs 33GHz feeding;
fig. 11 is a normalized radiation pattern of the E-plane and the H-plane when a wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application is fed at 41 GHz.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to process millimeter wave resources with a wider emission spectrum range, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wideband circularly polarized antenna array, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the antenna array includes: the antenna comprises a feed network unit 1, an antenna unit 2 and a microstrip line feed port 3;
the feed network unit 1 comprises a feed network layer 11, and the feed network layer 11 comprises a plurality of microstrip line power dividers 111 connected by graded microstrip lines;
the microstrip line feed port 3 is used for receiving a signal to be sent and feeding the signal to be sent into the feed network layer 11;
the feed network layer 11 is configured to receive a signal to be sent fed in from the microstrip line feed port 3, and send the signal to be sent to the antenna unit 2;
and the antenna unit 2 is configured to receive the signal to be transmitted sent by the feed network layer 11, and send the signal to be transmitted in the form of circularly polarized millimeter waves.
The gradually-changed microstrip line refers to a microstrip line with gradually-changed width. The number of the microstrip line power dividers 111 can be adjusted according to the scale of the antenna array and the power distribution condition of a single microstrip line power divider 111.
The broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the embodiment of the invention can receive a signal to be transmitted through the microstrip line port, feed the signal to be transmitted into each microstrip line power divider in the antenna array through the microstrip line, feed the antenna unit through the microstrip line power divider and send the signal to be transmitted outwards through the antenna unit; the invention adopts the gradually-changed microstrip line, so that the feed network layer can provide a resonance point for a wider-spectrum signal when transmitting the signal, the impedance matching between the feed network unit and the antenna unit is improved, the signal reflection caused by the sudden change of the transmission line impedance in the signal transmission process is reduced, the signal to be transmitted is stably and efficiently transmitted in a wider frequency band range, the broadband transmission characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna can be supported, and the bandwidth of the broadband circularly polarized antenna array is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the antenna unit 2 includes a first metal layer 21, a first dielectric layer 22, and a second metal layer 23, which are sequentially disposed, and a plurality of first metallization holes 221 for connecting the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 23 are formed in the first dielectric layer 22; optionally, the radius of the first metalized hole 211 is 0.25 millimeters (mm);
the first metal layer 21 includes a plurality of first metal radiating elements M1, and the second metal layer 22 includes a plurality of second metal radiating elements M2, each of the first metal radiating elements M1 is connected to one of the second metal radiating elements M2 through one of the first metallized via holes 221 to form a double-layer radiating element. The diameter of the first metallized hole 221 can have an effect on the impedance matching between the feed network element and the antenna element, thereby affecting the impedance bandwidth of the wideband circularly polarized antenna array.
Alternatively, both the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 may be fabricated using a PCB process.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first metal radiating element M1 and the second metal radiating element M2 are a first metal radiating strip and a second metal radiating strip, respectively, defined by an archimedes' curve equation.
Wherein the Archimedes curve equation is
Wherein r is the radius, k is a fixed constant,
is an angle. The first metal radiation band and the second metal radiation band can be divided into angle parts
Segment and
the first metal radiation band is respectively provided with the following starting positions and ending positions
And
the second metal radiation band is respectively determined by the beginning and the end positions of the second metal radiation band
And
the archimedes spiral of (a).
Illustratively, k is set to 0.2, and the lengths of the archimedean spirals of the first metallic radiation strip and the second metallic radiation strip are determined to be 0.78 λ, λ being the wavelength of the signal to be transmitted in the form of a circularly polarized millimeter wave. By the arrangement, the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna unit 2 can be controlled, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the broadband circular polarization antenna array is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the width of the first metal radiation band is greater than that of the second metal radiation band, so that the axial ratio bandwidth of the broadband circularly polarized antenna array can be further improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the feed network unit 1 further includes a second dielectric layer 12, a third metal layer 13, and a third dielectric layer 14, which are sequentially disposed, where the second dielectric layer 12 is provided with a plurality of second metalized holes 121, the third metal layer 13 is provided with a plurality of metal channels 131, and the third dielectric layer 14 is provided with a plurality of third metalized holes 141;
one end of each third metalized hole 141, which is away from the second dielectric layer 12, is coupled to an output end of one microstrip line power divider 111, and is configured to transmit a signal to be transmitted output by the output end of the microstrip line power divider 111, so that the signal to be transmitted is transmitted to the antenna unit 2 through one third metalized hole 141, one metal channel 131, and one second metalized hole 121 in sequence.
The third metal layer 13 is specifically used for etching the metal channel 131 so as to provide a feeding path between the feeding network unit 1 and the antenna unit 2. The feeding network layer 11 is also a metal layer for adjusting the shape and size of the feeding network. In the embodiment of the application, the broadband feeding characteristic of the feeding network can be controlled by controlling the shape and the size of the feeding network and the diameter of each metallized hole.
The material of each dielectric layer is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the first dielectric layer 22, the second dielectric layer 12, and the third dielectric layer 14 may all be implemented by rogue dielectric plates. The first dielectric layer 22 is Rogers5880 with the thickness of 1.016mm, the second dielectric layer 12 is Rogers5880 with the thickness of 0.254mm, and the third dielectric layer 14 is Rogers3006 with the thickness of 1.016 mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element 2 may be selected to have a size of 8 × 8, that is, 8 × 8 dual-layer radiating elements are required, and accordingly, the feed network layer 11 includes a feed network of 1 minute 64. Of course, the scale of the antenna array in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, and the antenna array in the embodiment of the present application may be a broadband circularly polarized millimeter wave antenna array composed of square arrays of any size. For example, the antenna element 2 may also be of 2 × 2, 16 × 16, etc. size.
The signal to be transmitted sent from each output end of the microstrip line power divider 111 passes through a third metallized hole 141, a metal channel 131 and a second metallized hole 121 in sequence, and is transmitted to a second metal radiating element M2 in a double-layer radiating element, and then the signal to be transmitted is sent out in the form of circularly polarized millimeter waves by the first metal radiating element M1.
Optionally, the radius of each of the second and third metallized holes 121 and 141 is 0.25mm, and the radius of the metal channel 131 is 0.9 mm. The diameters of the third metalized hole 141, the metal channel 131 and the second metalized hole 121 are sized to have an effect on the impedance matching between the feed network element and the antenna element, thereby affecting the impedance bandwidth of the broadband circularly polarized antenna array.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the feeding network layer 11 is disposed on a side of the third dielectric layer 14 away from the third metal layer 13.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a partial side view of a circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows that the antenna unit 2 includes a first metal radiating element M1, a second metal radiating element M2, and a first metallized hole 221 connecting the first metal radiating element M1 and the second metal radiating element M2.
The second metal radiating element M2 is connected to the output end of one microstrip line power divider 111 in the feed network layer 11 through the second metalized hole 121, one metal channel 131, and the third metalized hole 141, where the output end of the microstrip line power divider 111 is a microstrip line.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 shows the dimensions of the components of fig. 3, which can be seen in table 1:
TABLE 1
As shown in table 1, if one double-layered radiation element and a portion of the feed network layer to which the double-layered radiation element is connected are used as one element constituting the circular polarized antenna array, w is1One side of the first dielectric layer 22 included for the cell in a top viewLength, |1The other side length, w, of the first dielectric layer 22 included in the cell in a top view2Width of the microstrip line in a top view2Length of microstrip line in top view, w3Is the width, w, of the second metal radiating element M2 in a top view4The width r of the first metal radiating element M1 in the top view1、r2、r3The diameters h of the second 121, one 131 and third 141 metallized hole, respectively1Is the thickness of the first dielectric layer 22, h2Is the thickness of the second dielectric layer 12, h3The thickness of the feed network layer 11.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a top view of a feeding network layer 11, where the feeding network layer includes a feeding network of 1 to 64, and the feeding network layer receives a signal to be transmitted through a microstrip feeding line port 3 and then transmits the signal to be transmitted through the feeding network of 1 to 64. Fig. 5 shows a broadband gradual-change H-type connection and a broadband gradual-change T-type connection between the microstrip line power splitters 111, and a solid line frame corresponding to the H-type connection in fig. 5 shows that a signal to be transmitted is divided into 2 from pin 1, and finally, the signal to be transmitted is output through pins 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
The microstrip line power divider 111 is connected by adopting a microstrip line with gradually changed width, and the feed network layer is fixed on the third dielectric layer 14 through a PCB process, so that the broadband performance of the whole feed network unit 1 can be ensured, and the broadband characteristic of the antenna can be realized.
By adopting the broadband circularly polarized antenna array provided by the embodiment of the invention, the broadband characteristics of the antenna units can be controlled by adjusting the size of the microstrip feed line and the diameter of each metallized hole. By adjusting the radiation shape of the double-layer radiation element defined by the archimedes' curve equation, the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna can be controlled. And the feed characteristics of the feed network can be controlled by adjusting the connection mode of the T-shaped and H-shaped microstrip line power dividers in the feed network layer, so that a broadband feed mode is provided for the antenna unit, and the broadband circular polarization characteristics of the antenna array are ensured.
It should be noted that the wideband circularly polarized antenna array described in the above embodiments is applicable to a 5G millimeter wave communication system.
The following describes the performance of the wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to the simulation result of the wideband circularly polarized antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is an S parameter diagram of T-type power division and H-type power division of a wideband circularly polarized antenna array suitable for a 5G millimeter wave communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a diagram of S of a microstrip line feed port fed by a wideband circularly polarized antenna array suitable for a 5G millimeter wave communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention11Figure (a). It can be seen from fig. 6 and 7 that the operating frequency band of the antenna array realizes continuous coverage of millimeter wave frequency in the spectrum of 24.25GHz-27.5GHz and 37GHz-43.5GHz, and the whole impedance bandwidth exceeds two octaves.
As shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is an axial ratio diagram of the broadband circular polarized antenna array according to the embodiment of the present application when feeding the microstrip line feed port.
As shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11, fig. 9, 10 and 11 are normalized radiation patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane respectively when the wideband circularly polarized antenna array of the embodiment of the present application is fed at 25GHz, 33GHz and 41 GHz. The radiation pattern of the antenna array achieves good symmetry and the pattern remains stable over the entire operating frequency band.
According to the embodiment of the application, the broadband transmission characteristic of the broadband antenna and the circular polarization advantage of effective multipath interference suppression are utilized, so that the broadband, circular polarization and high-gain characteristics of the millimeter wave antenna array are guaranteed, and high-speed transmission, high connection reliability and large-range coverage of millimeter wave communication are realized.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A wideband circularly polarized antenna array, comprising: the antenna comprises a feed network unit (1), an antenna unit (2) and a microstrip line feed port (3), wherein the microstrip line feed port (3) is coupled with the feed network unit (1) through a microstrip line;
the feed network unit (1) comprises a feed network layer (11), and the feed network layer (11) comprises a plurality of microstrip line power dividers (111) connected by graded microstrip lines;
the microstrip line feed port (3) is used for receiving a signal to be sent and feeding the signal to be sent into the feed network layer (11);
the feed network layer (11) is configured to receive the signal to be sent fed in by the microstrip line feed port (3), and send the signal to be sent to the antenna unit (2);
the antenna unit (2) is configured to receive the signal to be transmitted sent by the feed network layer (11), and send the signal to be transmitted in a circularly polarized millimeter wave form;
the antenna unit (2) comprises a first metal layer (21), a first dielectric layer (22) and a second metal layer (23) which are sequentially arranged, wherein a plurality of first metalized holes (221) for connecting the first metal layer (21) and the second metal layer (23) are formed in the first dielectric layer (22);
the first metal layer (21) comprises a plurality of first metal radiating elements, the second metal layer (23) comprises a plurality of second metal radiating elements, and each first metal radiating element is connected with one second metal radiating element through one first metallized hole (221) to form a double-layer radiating element; the first metal radiation unit and the second metal radiation unit are respectively a first metal radiation band and a second metal radiation band defined by an Archimedes curve equation; the width of the first metal radiating strip is larger than that of the second metal radiating strip;
the feed network unit (1) further comprises a second dielectric layer (12), a third metal layer (13) and a third dielectric layer (14) which are sequentially arranged, wherein the second dielectric layer (12) is provided with a plurality of second metallized holes (121), the third metal layer (13) is provided with a plurality of metal channels (131), and the third dielectric layer (14) is provided with a plurality of third metallized holes (141);
one end of each third metalized hole (141) far away from the second dielectric layer (12) is coupled to an output end of one microstrip line power divider (111) respectively, and is used for transmitting a signal to be transmitted output by the output end of the microstrip line power divider (111), so that the signal to be transmitted is transmitted to the antenna unit (2) through one third metalized hole (141), one metal channel (131) and one second metalized hole (121) in sequence.
2. The broadband circularly polarized antenna array of claim 1, wherein said feed network layer (11) is arranged on a side of said third dielectric layer (14) remote from said third metal layer (13).
3. The broadband circularly polarized antenna array of claim 1, wherein said microstrip power divider (111) is a T-shaped power divider.
4. A wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 8 x 8 of said antenna elements (2);
and a plurality of microstrip line power dividers (111) in the feed network layer (11) form a feed network of 1 to 64.
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| CN103887614A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-25 | 电子科技大学 | Laminated high-gain circular polarization micro-strip array antenna based on LTCC |
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