CN113067148A - Wave beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric film - Google Patents
Wave beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric film Download PDFInfo
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- CN113067148A CN113067148A CN202110308088.3A CN202110308088A CN113067148A CN 113067148 A CN113067148 A CN 113067148A CN 202110308088 A CN202110308088 A CN 202110308088A CN 113067148 A CN113067148 A CN 113067148A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film. The dielectric plate comprises a dielectric plate, two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains are stacked on the surface of the dielectric plate, and the two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains are coupled through a ferroelectric film; the radiation section metal microstrip chain is composed of microstrip components which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate; the microstrip component comprises more than one microstrip unit which is sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate, and a radiation section coupling gap is arranged between every two adjacent microstrip units; the outer edges of the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit are respectively provided with a radiation section rectangular groove, the radiation section rectangular grooves at the top end and the bottom end are symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric slab in the length direction, and the outer edges at the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit are gradually drawn close to the central axis along the length direction of the dielectric slab. The invention has simple structure, low transmission loss, flexible and controllable bandwidth, large beam scanning angle and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and is effectively suitable for the development of the controllable microwave leaky-wave antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave signal transmission, in particular to a beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film.
Background
With the advent of the world of everything interconnection, the wireless communication information capacity is rapidly increased. Wireless communication systems require the fabrication of microwave antennas with higher integration, more stable performance, and more diverse functions. Leaky-wave antennas are favored by researchers and industry due to their low profile, high gain, and low cost characteristics. However, as the conventional leaky-wave microwave antenna is processed, the functions of the leaky-wave microwave antenna are fixed and cannot be regulated in real time, which is not favorable for the application of the microwave antenna in a complex application scene. Therefore, the industry has urgent need for microwave leaky-wave antennas capable of dynamically realizing tuning under a single frequency point, and the instantaneity of leaky-wave operation under a fixed frequency is also a hotspot problem in the field of leaky-wave antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film. The invention has simple structure, low transmission loss, flexible and controllable bandwidth, large beam scanning angle and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and is effectively suitable for the development of the controllable microwave leaky-wave antenna.
The technical scheme of the invention. A beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film comprises a dielectric plate, two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains are stacked on the surface of the dielectric plate, and the two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains are coupled through the ferroelectric film; the radiation section metal microstrip chain is composed of microstrip components which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate; the microstrip component comprises more than one microstrip unit which is sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate, and a radiation section coupling gap is arranged between every two adjacent microstrip units; the outer edges of the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit are respectively provided with a radiation section rectangular groove, the radiation section rectangular grooves at the top end and the bottom end are symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric slab in the length direction, and the outer edges at the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit are gradually drawn close to the central axis along the length direction of the dielectric slab.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, one end of the radiation section metal microstrip chain is further connected with the coplanar waveguide section microstrip through the transition section microstrip, transition section rectangular grooves symmetrical along the central axis are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the transition section microstrip, and the bottoms of the transition section rectangular grooves on the same side form an inclined straight line gradually approaching to the central axis along the length direction of the dielectric plate.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, metal grounds are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the transition section microstrip and the coplanar waveguide section microstrip.
In the foregoing beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric thin film, the edge of the metal ground is in an involute curve along the length direction of the dielectric plate.
In the foregoing beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric thin film, a waveguide coupling gap is disposed between the metal ground and the microstrip of the coplanar waveguide.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, the coupling gap of the waveguide section is 0.1-0.5 mm.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, the length of the metal microstrip chain at the radiation section is 60-240 mm; the width of the rectangular groove of the radiation section is 0.15-5 mm, and the depth is 0.05-10.0 mm; the distance between two adjacent radiation section rectangular grooves in the same microstrip assembly is 5-50 mm; the coupling gap of the radiation section is 0.01-0.1 mm.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, the thickness of the dielectric plate is 0.05-2.0 mm.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, the thickness of the ferroelectric film is 0.01-0.05 mm.
In the beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film, the width of the rectangular groove of the transition section is 0.15-5 mm, the depth of the rectangular groove of the transition section is 0.05-10.0 mm, and the distance between the rectangular grooves of the adjacent transition sections is 5-50 mm.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the radiation section metal microstrip chain disclosed by the invention realizes the radiation of the antenna by utilizing the feed of the artificial plasmon transmission line formed by the radiation section rectangular grooves which are periodically arranged in a mirror symmetry manner, and the structure is simple; and then the phase of the radiation unit is adjusted by utilizing the change of the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric film under an external electric field, so that the radiation direction of the wave beam can be regulated and controlled in real time, and the controllability of an antenna directional diagram under fixed frequency is realized. In addition, the rectangular groove structure can lead the electromagnetic field to be bound around the rectangular groove when the electromagnetic field is transmitted on the plane, thereby greatly reducing the external electromagnetic interference and greatly enhancing the anti-interference capability of the invention; meanwhile, the surface impedance of the radiation section can be effectively modulated by changing the periodic modulation of the surface impedance by the groove depth of the rectangular groove of the radiation section, so that a guided electromagnetic field is converted into leaky wave radiation with frequency scanning characteristics, and the radiation direction depends on the modulation gradient of the surface impedance.
The invention introduces the transition section microstrip to connect the coplanar waveguide section microstrip and the radiation section metal microstrip chain, realizes the smooth transition of the electromagnetic field in the L1 section and the L3 section, and avoids the strong microwave electric field reflection caused by the mismatching of the mode and the impedance when the electromagnetic field is converted from the quasi-TEM mode (L1 section) to the artificial plasmon mode (L3 section) to propagate. In addition, in order to improve the transition effect of the section L2, the inventor conducts a great deal of debugging to finally obtain that the transition effect is optimal when the groove bottoms of the rectangular grooves of the transition sections on the same side form an inclined straight line gradually closing to the central axis along the length direction of the dielectric slab, and the length of the section L2 is controlled to be 10-50 mm.
In conclusion, the microwave leaky-wave antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low transmission loss, flexible and controllable bandwidth, large beam scanning angle and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and is effectively suitable for the development of the controllable microwave leaky-wave antenna.
In order to better demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following experiments were applied: the applicant designs a ferroelectric film-based leaky-wave antenna sample with a rectangular groove structure and gap coupling, wherein the ferroelectric film-based leaky-wave antenna sample has a fixed frequency point beam scanning characteristic, the front structure is shown in figure 1, and parameters of the sample are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ferroelectric thin film based ferroelectric thin film with rectangular slot structure and leaky wave antenna sample coupled through slot with beam scanning characteristics each part parameter (unit: mm)
The dielectric substrate with the dielectric constant of 2.2 is adopted as the dielectric plate of the sample, and the calculation results of finite integration on the scattering parameters and far-field radiation characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna sample are shown in figures 3-6. In the figure S11The reflection characteristics of the antenna array in the working frequency band are listed for the antenna reflection coefficient, wherein when the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric film is 100, the frequency band range of the antenna reflection less than-10 dB is 3.4-11.95 GHz, and after the adjustable ferroelectric film is loaded, the antenna radiation section introduces a controllable phase, and the antenna directional diagram changes, as shown in fig. 4-5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric thin film can be dynamically and continuously adjusted from 100 to 900 with the change of the external bias voltage, the dielectric constant and the phase of the radiation section of the ferroelectric thin film change, the antenna beam can be scanned at a fixed frequency point, and the scanning angle can be conveniently adjusted by the external bias voltage of the ferroelectric thin film. The antenna is provided with a beam scanning function under a fixed frequency. The far field electric field distribution of the antenna array sample in fig. 1 when working at 6GHz is calculated, the real-time scanning angle of the beam can be continuously changed from 32 degrees to 19 degrees, the gain of the leaky-wave antenna is greater than 7.5dBi, and the radiation efficiency of the leaky-wave antenna is greater than 90%, as shown in fig. 6. When the artificial plasmon radiation section (L3 section) works, electric field energy is localized around the waveguide rectangular groove and is diffused slightly to the periphery, so that the electromagnetic interference resistance of the antenna array is greatly enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the antenna of the present invention;
when the rectangular groove depth h of the antenna array is 3mm, the S11 parameter curve of the antenna array changes along with the change of the dielectric constant of the composite film;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an antenna far field electric field distribution diagram when the working frequency is 6GHz and the dielectric constant Er of the ferroelectric film is 300;
FIG. 5 shows a beam scanning pattern of an antenna beam far field at a fixed frequency point of 6GHz when Er changes with an external field;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna when the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric thin film is changed at an operating frequency of 6 GHz.
Reference numerals: 1-a dielectric plate, 2-a ferroelectric film, 3-a microstrip component, 4-a microstrip unit, 5-a radiation section coupling gap, 6-a radiation section rectangular groove, 7-a central axis, 8-a transition section rectangular groove, 9-an inclined straight line, 10-a metal ground, 11-an involute curve and 12-a waveguide section coupling gap; l1-coplanar waveguide section microstrip, L2-transition section microstrip, and L3-radiating section metal microstrip chain.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1. A beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film is formed as shown in figures 1 and 2, and comprises a dielectric plate 1, two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains L3 are stacked on the surface of the dielectric plate 1, and the two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains L3 are coupled through the ferroelectric film 2; the radiating section metal microstrip chain L3 is composed of microstrip components 3 which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric slab 1; the microstrip component 3 comprises more than one microstrip unit 4 which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate 1, and a radiation section coupling gap 5 is arranged between every two adjacent microstrip units 4; the outer edges of the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit 4 are respectively provided with a radiation section rectangular groove 6, the radiation section rectangular grooves 6 at the top end and the bottom end are symmetrical along a central axis 7 in the length direction of the dielectric plate 1, the outer edges at the top end and the bottom end of the microstrip unit 4 are gradually closed to the central axis 7 along the length direction of the dielectric plate 1, and the closing structure can gradually decrease the groove depth of the radiation section rectangular grooves 6.
The two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains L3 are coupled through the ferroelectric film 2 (namely coupled through the ferroelectric film 2), so that the purpose is to introduce a real-time controllable phase gradient in the artificial plasmon radiation section. The value of the phase gradient can be dynamically changed through external bias voltage, so that the phase gradient of the antenna is regulated and controlled in real time, and beam scanning of the leaky-wave antenna is realized.
The radiation section rectangular groove 6 is periodically changed along the length direction of the dielectric plate 1 to form artificial plasma surface excimer; the periodic modulation of the surface impedance can be realized based on the periodic modulation of the groove depth of the radiating section rectangular groove 6, so that the radiation of the antenna is realized, namely the periodic rectangular groove has a microwave radiation mode. The coupling of the radiation section metal microstrip chain L3 is completed through the ferroelectric film 8, and the fixed frequency beam scanning of the leaky-wave antenna is realized by applying direct-current bias voltage to the ferroelectric film 8; the principle of the structure is that the loading based on the ferroelectric film is utilized, the electrical parameters such as the dielectric constant and the like of the ferroelectric film can be controlled through an external bias voltage, so that the phase change gradient of the radiation section can be continuously controlled, and the continuously adjustable phase constant is introduced into the radiation section, so that the radiation section can provide different radiation beams for the leaky-wave antenna, and the beam scanning of fixed frequency points is realized.
One end of the radiation section metal microstrip chain L3 is further connected with a coplanar waveguide section microstrip L1 through a transition section microstrip L2, transition section rectangular grooves 8 symmetrical along the central axis 7 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the transition section microstrip L2, and the bottoms of the transition section rectangular grooves 8 on the same side form an inclined straight line 9 gradually closing to the central axis 7 along the length direction of the dielectric slab 1.
The edge of the metal ground 10 is formed in an involute curve 11 along the longitudinal direction of the dielectric sheet 1.
A waveguide section coupling gap 12 is provided between the metal ground 10 and the coplanar waveguide section microstrip L1.
The waveguide section coupling gap 12 is 0.1-0.5 mm.
The length of the metal microstrip chain L3 at the radiation section is 60-240 mm; the width of the rectangular groove 6 of the radiation section is 0.15-5 mm, and the depth is 0.05-10.0 mm; the distance between two adjacent radiation section rectangular grooves 6 in the same microstrip component 3 is 5-50 mm; the coupling gap 5 of the radiation section is 0.01-0.1 mm.
The thickness of the dielectric plate 1 is 0.05-2.0 mm.
The thickness of the ferroelectric thin film 2 is 0.01 to 0.05 mm.
The width of the transition section rectangular groove 8 is 0.15-5 mm, the depth is 0.05-10.0 mm, and the distance between adjacent transition section rectangular grooves 8 is 5-50 mm.
The working principle is as follows: the electromagnetic field of the quasi-TEM mode is transmitted from the L1 section on the left to the L2 section, gradually changed to the electromagnetic field of the artificial plasmon mode in the L2 section, and the electromagnetic fields of the quasi-TEM mode and the SSPPs mode coexist in the L2 section, and when transmitted to the L3 section, are completely converted to the SSPPs mode, and leaky wave radiation is performed in the L3 section.
In order to simplify the slotted artificial plasmon polariton section model loaded by the ferroelectric film, the leaky-wave antenna is realized by selecting an H-shaped transmission line (namely the radiation section metal microstrip chain) with periodic modulation surface impedance. When the surface impedance of segment L3 is periodically modulated, the guided wave can be converted to leaky wave radiation. The radiation angle can be calculated as:
wherein X ═ Xs/η0Is the average surface reactance, η0Is the free space wave impedance, k0Is a free space wavenumber, XsAnd P is a modulation period, and leakage wave radiation is generated by adopting the first harmonic of the plasmon section. Radiation angle, modulation period P and average surface reactance X of leaky-wave antennasIt is related. In the present invention, the period P is fixed, and thus the radiation angle θ of the antenna-1Dependent only on Xs。
When an external electric field is applied to the ferroelectric film, the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric film can be continuously changed, so that the ferroelectric film generates a phase gradient or an average surface reactance change gradient X in an artificial plasmon sectionsThereby forming a beam sweep at the fixed frequency of the antenna.
Claims (10)
1. A beam scanning antenna based on a ferroelectric film is characterized by comprising a dielectric plate (1), wherein two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains (L3) are stacked on the surface of the dielectric plate (1), and the two layers of radiation section metal microstrip chains (L3) are coupled through the ferroelectric film (2); the radiating section metal microstrip chain (L3) is composed of microstrip components (3) which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric slab (1); the microstrip component (3) comprises more than one microstrip unit (4) which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the dielectric plate (1), and a radiation section coupling gap (5) is arranged between every two adjacent microstrip units (4); the outer edges of the top and the bottom of the microstrip unit (4) are respectively provided with a radiation section rectangular groove (6), the radiation section rectangular grooves (6) at the top and the bottom are symmetrical along the central axis (7) of the dielectric plate (1) in the length direction, and the outer edges at the top and the bottom of the microstrip unit (4) are gradually drawn close to the central axis (7) along the length direction of the dielectric plate (1).
2. The beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric film as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the radiating section metal microstrip chain (L3) is further connected to the coplanar waveguide section microstrip (L1) through a transition section microstrip (L2), transition section rectangular grooves (8) symmetrical along the central axis (7) are respectively formed at the top and bottom ends of the transition section microstrip (L2), and the groove bottoms of the transition section rectangular grooves (8) on the same side form an inclined straight line (9) gradually closing to the central axis (7) along the length direction of the dielectric plate (1).
3. The ferroelectric thin film based beam scanning antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transition microstrip (L2) and the coplanar waveguide microstrip (L1) are further symmetrically distributed with a metal ground (10) at both sides.
4. A beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric thin film as in claim 3, characterized in that the edge of said metal ground (10) is involute curve (11) along the length of the dielectric plate (1).
5. The ferroelectric thin film based beam scanning antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a waveguide section coupling gap (12) is provided between the metal ground (10) and the coplanar waveguide section microstrip (L1).
6. The ferroelectric thin film based beam scanning antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the waveguide section coupling gap (12) is 0.1-0.5 mm.
7. The beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric thin film as in claim 1, wherein the radiating section metal microstrip chain (L3) has a length of 60-240 mm; the width of the rectangular groove (6) of the radiation section is 0.15-5 mm, and the depth is 0.05-10.0 mm; the distance between two adjacent radiation section rectangular grooves (6) in the same microstrip component (3) is 5-50 mm; the coupling gap (5) of the radiation section is 0.01-0.1 mm.
8. The beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric thin film as in claim 1, wherein said dielectric plate (1) has a thickness of 0.05-2.0 mm.
9. The beam scanning antenna based on ferroelectric thin film as in claim 1, wherein the thickness of said ferroelectric thin film (2) is 0.01-0.05 mm.
10. The beam scanning antenna based on the ferroelectric thin film as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of the transition rectangular groove (8) is 0.15-5 mm, the depth is 0.05-10.0 mm, and the distance between adjacent transition rectangular grooves (8) is 5-50 mm.
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| CN113764878A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | Wave beam reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna |
| CN114824755A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Leaky-wave antenna based on SSPP |
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| CN114824755A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Leaky-wave antenna based on SSPP |
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