CN111029765A - Millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna - Google Patents
Millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111029765A CN111029765A CN201911345200.XA CN201911345200A CN111029765A CN 111029765 A CN111029765 A CN 111029765A CN 201911345200 A CN201911345200 A CN 201911345200A CN 111029765 A CN111029765 A CN 111029765A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna which comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate, a first metal coating layer, a second metal coating layer and an impedance matcher, wherein the first metal coating layer and the second metal coating layer are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate. The first metal coating is provided with a first metal through hole and a gap radiation unit which penetrate through the first metal coating, the first metal through hole forms a substrate medium integrated waveguide resonant cavity distributed in a snake-shaped slow wave structure, and the snake-shaped slow wave structure is a snake-shaped slow wave structure with a common waveguide wall. The gap radiation units are uniformly distributed in the substrate dielectric integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The impedance matcher adopts a feeder line form of combining a conical microstrip gradient line and a common microstrip transmission line to realize impedance matching of the antenna array, the array adopts Chebyshev synthesis to obtain array element amplitude distribution meeting the requirement of side lobe level, and a high-gain frequency scanning antenna is realized in a form of 32 antenna slot radiation unit arrays. The antenna is of a printed structure, has the characteristics of high gain, narrow beam, low profile, light weight and easiness in integration, and can be widely applied to modern communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a frequency-scanning antenna, in particular to a millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna.
Background
A milliscan antenna is a radar antenna that is widely used. The traditional beam scanning is driven by a mechanical system, so that the problems of poor stability, low beam forming speed and the like are caused, and the problems are solved by the appearance of an electric scanning technology and are attracted by wide attention. The frequency scanning antenna in the electric scanning antenna is a scanning antenna for realizing beam scanning according to frequency change, mostly adopts a slow wave line structure, is easy to process and produce in batches under the support of a printed circuit board technology, has an application range related to various aspects of information, remote sensing, radar and the like, and becomes the first choice of a civil scanning antenna.
The millimeter wave frequency band is a strong candidate for a new generation WLAN system due to its wide bandwidth, high-speed wireless communication, and miniaturization of devices. Millimeter waves have two prominent advantages, firstly, the frequency covers 30GHz to 300GHz, and the corresponding wavelength is very short, so that the size of millimeter wave devices is very small; second, the millimeter wave covers a wide frequency band, which facilitates high-speed communication and propagation.
As the frequency increases, the size of the antenna will become smaller and the loss will become higher, and therefore, the main challenges facing the millimeter wave antenna are low loss and high integration. The substrate dielectric integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new planar waveguide structure proposed in recent years, which inherits the advantages of low loss, high quality factor, high power capacity and the like of the waveguide, and simultaneously has the advantages of low profile, small size, easy integration with other planar circuits and the like of the microstrip line. The SIW technology is applied to the millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna, so that the millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna is more easily integrated and miniaturized. The waveguide slot array antenna is an antenna formed by slotting on a waveguide metal surface according to certain requirements. With the rapid development of millimeter wave technology, the waveguide slot array antenna is widely applied to ground, airborne and ship-borne radars by people due to the characteristics of low profile, small volume, light weight, high efficiency, easy realization of low side lobe, simple and compact structure and the like.
With the rapid development of emerging wireless systems, such as fifth generation mobile communication, high-precision positioning, high-resolution imaging, and the like, unprecedented requirements are placed on high-rate data transmission. On the other hand, the millimeter wave band has sufficient spectrum resources relative to the microwave band. Therefore, the research and development of the millimeter wave substrate integrated antenna and array with low cost and high performance are of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional waveguide slot antenna is difficult to use in a high-frequency band, and on the basis, the millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna with high gain, low loss, miniaturization and low cost is realized.
The principle of a frequency scanning antenna is as follows: in a linear array formed by a plurality of slot radiation units, the slot radiation units are arranged in a linear array form, the distance between every two slot radiation units is equal, and the maximum radiation direction of the main lobe of the wave beam in a far field area is the direction of the in-phase superposition of the wave beams of the plurality of slot radiation units, and is generally the direction perpendicular to the equiphase plane of a frequency-scanning antenna aperture surface field. When the feed structure with the same phase parameters is used for feeding each slot radiation unit, the equal phase plane of the mouth surface field is parallel to the waveguide plane, and the maximum radiation direction of the main lobe of the antenna array directional diagram is perpendicular to the equal phase plane; when the same feed structure is used for feeding the linear array, after the feed structure is changed, the phases of electromagnetic waves reaching each slot unit are inconsistent, and the phase difference values of adjacent slots are the same, so that the beam main lobe at a certain angle is deflected.
The impedance matcher is divided into a first impedance matcher and a second impedance matcher which are both composed of a rectangular microstrip line and a conical microstrip gradual change line, and the conical microstrip gradual change line is a linear microstrip gradual change line. The rectangular microstrip line and the conical microstrip gradient line are arranged at two ends of one side of the long edge of the rectangular medium substrate, the first impedance matcher is an input port of the antenna, and the second impedance matcher is connected with a matched load. The tapered microstrip gradual change line is a linear microstrip gradual change line and is used for realizing impedance transformation between the substrate medium integrated waveguide and the rectangular microstrip line, so that the equivalent impedance of the substrate medium integrated waveguide is matched with the characteristic impedance of the rectangular microstrip line. The rectangular microstrip line is connected with the conical top of the conical microstrip gradient line.
The plate of the rectangular dielectric substrate is Rogers3003, and the relative dielectric constant epsilonrWas 3.00.
The first metal through holes are circular metal through holes, the distance s between every two adjacent first metal through holes is 0.6mm, and s satisfies s<λc/4，λcThe cutoff wavelength of the dielectric filled waveguide.
Maintaining the waveguide wavelength lambda under the condition of the same antenna bandwidthgThe antenna gain is improved by increasing the feed line length difference delta L between two adjacent slot radiating elements, and when the number of the antenna slot radiating elements is increased to 32, the coupling between the antennas and the loss of electromagnetic energy in the medium are enough to influence the increase of the number of the elements, so that the antenna gain is improved, and finally, a 32-antenna element array is selected.
The gap radiation unit consists of a radiation gap and a second metal through hole. The radiation gap consists of a rectangle and semicircles at two ends tangent to the rectangle, the length Lslot of the rectangle is 1.1mm, and the width is 2 × ebThe diameter of the semicircle at the two ends is equal to the width of the rectangle when the diameter is 0.30 mm; the second metal through holes are arranged on two sides of the radiation gap and used for matching impedance of the gap, so that each gap is matched nearby, and the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna is achieved, the second metal through holes are round metal through holes, the radius rvia is 0.15mm, and the distance q from a vertical line at the center position of each radiation gap to a dot of each second metal through hole is 0.54 mm; the slot radiation units are distributed in the waveguide of the snake-shaped slow wave structure, the number of the slot radiation units is 32, and the distance between the slot radiation units is WgIs 1.9 mm; the center of the slot radiation unit is coincided with the center of the wide surface of the substrate dielectric integrated waveguide, the slot radiation unit inclines to one side by 45 degrees, the distance between the adjacent slot radiation antenna units in the array axis direction is lambda/2, lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in free space, and the length difference of the feed lines of the adjacent slot radiation units is 5 x lambdag＝13.4mm (λg2.68mm for the waveguide wavelength).
The characteristic impedance of the rectangular microstrip line is 50 ohms, and the width of the rectangular microstrip line is Wd0.26mm, and its outermost end is used as input of signalOr an output port; one side of the microstrip transition line is connected with the microstrip transmission line, the other side of the microstrip transition line is connected with the upper surface of the substrate dielectric integrated waveguide, and the width of the microstrip transition line is Wz0.45 mm; the length of the microstrip gradient line is lz＝λg/4＝0.67mm。
Brief description of the drawings
Simulation results show that when the scanning frequency of the slot array antenna is increased from 76.2GHz to 80.2GHz on the H surface, the scanning angle is increased from-8 degrees to 22 degrees, the three decibel (3dB) width in the array axis direction is about 3.4 degrees, the gain is about 17dB, the gain difference is less than 1.1dB in the range of 77G-81G, and the gain is relatively flat. The antenna is of a printed structure, has the characteristics of high gain, narrow beam, low profile, light weight and easiness in integration, and can be widely applied to modern communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an impedance matcher for a millimeter wave frequency-scanned antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna single dielectric integrated waveguide antenna unit.
Fig. 4 is a gain diagram of the H-plane of a millimeter wave frequency-swept antenna of the present invention.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a SIW slot antenna array adopting microstrip gradient line feed and a snake-shaped slow wave structure. The array adopts Chebyshev synthesis to obtain array element amplitude distribution meeting the requirement of side lobe level, realizes impedance matching of the antenna array in a feeder line form of combining a linear type conical microstrip gradient line and a common microstrip line, and realizes a high-gain millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna in a form of 32 antenna radiation unit arrays.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a millimeter wave frequency sweep of the present inventionThe antenna comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, a first metal coating layer 2 printed on the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate, a second metal grounding layer 3 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and two impedance matchers 4 and 5. The plate of the rectangular dielectric substrate is Rogers3003, and the relative dielectric constant epsilonrWas 3.00. The first metal cladding is provided with a first metal through hole 6 and a gap radiation unit 7 which penetrate through the first metal cladding. The length of the long side of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 61.1mm, the length of the wide side of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 11.3mm, the thickness t of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 0.127mm, and the thickness of the metal coating layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 35 mu m.
Due to the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric integrated waveguide and the main mode TE propagated in the dielectric filled waveguide10The modes are very similar, so the medium-filled waveguide is equivalently used for modeling instead of the medium integrated waveguide by utilizing the corresponding relation of the two modes. The broadside a of the dielectric integrated waveguide is taken as shown in FIG. 2siw1.9mm, and the length a of the wide side of the medium integrated waveguide is used for ensuring the single-mode operation in the medium integrated waveguidesiwSatisfy the requirement of
c is the speed of light, f is the center frequency of 79GHz, the plate used is Rogers3003, the relative dielectric constant of which is epsilonrCalculated as 1.096mm, 3.00<asiw<2.19mm, take asiwIs 1.9 mm. The first metal through holes are round metal through holes, the radius of each first metal through hole is 0.15mm, the distance between every two adjacent first metal through holes is 0.6mm, and s satisfies s<λc/4，λcThe cutoff wavelength of the dielectric filled waveguide. The first metal through hole forms a substrate medium integrated waveguide distributed in a snake-shaped slow wave structure as shown in fig. 1, the snake-shaped slow wave structure is a snake-shaped slow wave structure with a common waveguide wall, and a terminal is connected with a matched load, so that most of electromagnetic energy can be radiated out through a gap unit.
The impedance matcher is divided into a first impedance matcher and a second impedance matcher, wherein the first impedance matcher and the second impedance matcher are both composed of a rectangular microstrip line 8 and a conical microstrip gradient line 9 and are arranged at two ends of one side of the long edge of the rectangular medium substrate. The first impedance matcher is an input port of the antenna,the second impedance matcher is connected with a matched load. The tapered microstrip gradual change line is a linear microstrip gradual change line and is used for realizing impedance transformation between the substrate medium integrated waveguide and the rectangular microstrip line so that the equivalent impedance of the substrate medium integrated waveguide is matched with the characteristic impedance of the rectangular microstrip line. The rectangular microstrip line is connected to the conical top of the conical microstrip gradient line. The impedance of the rectangular microstrip line is 50 ohm, and the width is Wd0.26mm, and the outermost end of the connector is used as an input or output port of signals. One side of the microstrip transition line is connected with the microstrip transmission line, the other side is connected with the upper surface of the substrate dielectric integrated waveguide, and the width W of the microstrip transition line iszIs 0.45mm, length lz0.67mm is taken for a quarter of the waveguide wavelength.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic view of a single antenna slot radiation unit, the slot radiation units are uniformly distributed in the SIW resonant cavity, the number of the slot radiation units is 32, and the distance W between the slot radiation unitsg1.9mm, the center of the waveguide is superposed with the center of the wide surface of the waveguide, and the length difference of the feed lines of the adjacent slot radiation units is 5 x lambdag＝ 13.4mm(λgIs the waveguide wavelength and has a value of 2.68 mm). The slot radiation unit consists of a radiation slot 10 and a second metal through hole 11, the radiation slot consists of a rectangle and semicircles at two ends tangent to the rectangle, the length Lslot of the rectangle is 1.1mm, and the width is 2 × ebThe diameter of the semicircle at the two ends is equal to the width of the rectangle 0.30 mm. The second metal through holes are arranged on two sides of the radiation gap and used for compensating the reactance characteristic of the gap, the second metal through holes are round metal through holes, and the radius rvia is 0.15 mm. And the distance q from a vertical line at the central position of the radiation gap to the round point of the second metal through hole is 0.54 mm.
The simulation in software HFSS shows that the H-plane gain diagram is shown in fig. 4, and the simulation result shows that when the scanning frequency is increased from 76.2GHz to 80.2GHz, the scanning angle is increased from-8 ° to 22 °, the beam width in the array axis direction is about 3.4 °, the gain is about 17dB, the gain difference is less than 1.1dB in the range of 77G-81G, and the gain is relatively flat on the H-plane. The antenna is of a printed structure, has the characteristics of high gain, narrow beam, low profile, light weight and easiness in integration, and can be widely applied to modern communication.
Claims (7)
1. A millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna is characterized by comprising a rectangular dielectric substrate, a first metal coating layer, a second metal coating layer and an impedance matcher, wherein the first metal coating layer and the second metal coating layer are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate. The first metal coating is provided with a first metal through hole and a gap radiation unit which penetrate through the first metal coating, the first metal through hole forms a substrate medium integrated waveguide resonant cavity distributed in a snake-shaped slow wave structure, and the snake-shaped slow wave structure is a snake-shaped slow wave structure with a common waveguide wall.
2. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length L of the long side of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 61.1mm, the length W of the wide side is 11.3mm, the thickness t is 0.127mm, and the thickness of the metal coating on the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular dielectric substrate is 35 μm.
3. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the distance s between adjacent first metal through holes is 0.6 mm.
4. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the impedance matcher is divided into a first impedance matcher and a second impedance matcher, both of which are composed of a rectangular microstrip line and a tapered microstrip gradient.
5. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 4, wherein the impedance of the rectangular microstrip line is 50 ohms and the width is WdIs 0.26 mm. One side of the microstrip transition line is connected with the microstrip transmission line, the other side is connected with the upper surface of the substrate dielectric integrated waveguide, and the width W of the microstrip transition line isz0.45mm, length lz0.67mm is taken for a quarter of the waveguide wavelength.
6. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the number of the slot radiating elements is 32, and the distance Wg between the slot radiating elements is 1.9 mm.
7. A millimeter wave frequency-scanning antenna according to claim 6, wherein the slot radiating element is composed of a radiating slot (10) and a second metal through hole (11), the radiating slot is composed of a rectangle and semi-circles at two ends tangent to the rectangle, the length Lslot of the rectangle is 1.1mm, and the width is 2 × ebIs 0.30mm, and the diameter of the semi-circle at the two ends is equal to the width of the rectangle. The distance q from the vertical line at the center position of the radiation slit to the dot of the second metal via is 0.54 mm.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111799548A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-10-20 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | Frequency scanning antenna |
| CN112201933A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Array antenna of compact lightweight multi-scanning system |
| CN113067133A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Low-profile low-sidelobe large-angle frequency-scanning array antenna |
| CN113690637A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | 5G millimeter wave LTCC shunt-feed wide-angle scanning phased array |
| CN113809520A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-17 | 华南理工大学 | Substrate-integrated-waveguide-based isolation dual-frequency antenna |
| CN114300832A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Positive and negative gradual change groove antenna based on integrated waveguide excitation of substrate |
| CN114725658A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 西华大学 | Slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with defect structure and design method thereof |
| CN114865288A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-05 | 西南交通大学 | MSTL-based frequency scanning antenna and microstrip transmission line duplex conformal circuit |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111799548A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-10-20 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | Frequency scanning antenna |
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| CN112201933A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Array antenna of compact lightweight multi-scanning system |
| CN113067133A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Low-profile low-sidelobe large-angle frequency-scanning array antenna |
| CN113690637A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | 5G millimeter wave LTCC shunt-feed wide-angle scanning phased array |
| CN113690637B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-06-10 | 华南理工大学 | 5G millimeter wave LTCC shunt-feed wide-angle scanning phased array |
| CN113809520A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-17 | 华南理工大学 | Substrate-integrated-waveguide-based isolation dual-frequency antenna |
| CN113809520B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-09-26 | 华南理工大学 | Dual-frequency antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide isolation |
| CN114300832A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Positive and negative gradual change groove antenna based on integrated waveguide excitation of substrate |
| CN114725658A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 西华大学 | Slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with defect structure and design method thereof |
| CN114725658B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-06-06 | 西华大学 | Slow wave medium integrated filter antenna with integrated defect structure and design method thereof |
| CN114865288A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-05 | 西南交通大学 | MSTL-based frequency scanning antenna and microstrip transmission line duplex conformal circuit |
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