CN113972482B - Substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on dispersion structure - Google Patents
Substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on dispersion structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113972482B CN113972482B CN202111256212.2A CN202111256212A CN113972482B CN 113972482 B CN113972482 B CN 113972482B CN 202111256212 A CN202111256212 A CN 202111256212A CN 113972482 B CN113972482 B CN 113972482B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersion structure, which comprises a medium radiation part and a metal cavity coated outside the medium radiation part, wherein the medium radiation part comprises three layers of upper medium plates, middle medium plates and lower medium plates which are arranged in parallel in a stacking way, outer metal plating layers are arranged on the sides, far away from the middle medium plates, of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, middle metal plating layers are arranged on the sides, close to the middle medium plates, of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, the middle metal plating layers comprise two parts which are arranged at intervals, a space surrounded by the outer metal plating layers and the middle metal plating layers is a medium transmission structure, and the dispersion structure is arranged on one side, close to the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, of the middle metal plating layers. The invention changes electromagnetic radiation from side radiation to surface radiation, and provides an end-surface radiation millimeter wave communication technology, which not only increases the working bandwidth of a millimeter wave communication system, but also reduces the size of an integrated antenna, and introduces a dispersion structure to ensure the performance at high working frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave communication, in particular to a substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersion structure.
Background
In recent years, along with the successive release of millimeter wave frequency spectrum planning of fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) in countries around the world, millimeter wave communication research and development and industrialization step into a rapid development track in the global scope, and compared with traditional microwave communication, millimeter waves have the characteristics of short wavelength and wider bandwidth, so that the problem of spectrum shortage in microwave wireless communication below 6GHz can be effectively solved, and ultra-high-speed wireless communication is realized. With the increase of the working frequency, the antenna form based on the microstrip line, coplanar waveguide and other transmission line structures in the traditional microwave frequency band communication system suffers serious transmission line loss, so that the antenna based on the low-loss millimeter wave transmission line, such as a rectangular waveguide, a gap waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide and the like, becomes a research hot spot. The millimeter wave communication system has the characteristics of diversity and wide frequency band, thereby providing requirements on the radiation direction and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. In addition, the increased operating frequency reduces the physical size of the antenna, and various processing techniques face significant challenges in achieving small-size precision processing. Therefore, the design of the millimeter wave antenna needs to be compatible with the radiation performance of the antenna and the feasibility of engineering structure processing.
In recent years, various types of broadband millimeter wave antennas, such as electromagnetic dipole antennas, differential plane aperture antenna cavity backfire antennas, helical antennas, and continuous rotation feed type antennas, have been proposed by students, and have advantages in terms of structural dimensions, processing difficulty, impedance axial ratio bandwidth, processing cost, and the like, but the radiation directions thereof are all in the form of side-emission, however, in the process of integrating the side-emission type antennas into devices, the dimensions of the integrated devices are large due to the transmission characteristics of the side-emission type antennas, so that the integrated devices are forced to be increased in size, and the communication devices are easily interfered by external objects.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the technical defect of the side-emitting antenna in the prior art, provide a substrate integrated side-emitting antenna based on a dispersion structure, change electromagnetic radiation from side radiation to surface radiation, and provide a millimeter wave communication technology of end-face radiation, which not only increases the working bandwidth of a millimeter wave communication system, but also reduces the size of the integrated antenna, and introduces the dispersion structure to ensure the performance at high working frequency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersion structure, which comprises a medium radiation part and a metal cavity coated outside the medium radiation part, wherein the medium radiation part comprises three layers of upper medium plates, middle medium plates and lower medium plates which are arranged in parallel in a stacking manner, outer metal plating layers are arranged on the sides, far away from the middle medium plates, of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, middle metal plating layers are arranged on the sides, close to the middle medium plates, of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, the middle metal plating layers comprise two parts which are arranged at intervals, a space surrounded by the outer metal plating layers and the middle metal plating layers is a medium transmission structure, and one side, close to the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, of the middle metal plating layers is provided with a dispersion structure.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersive structure is a metal boss in contact with the intermediate metal coating, the metal boss being coated with dispersive material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a metal conversion structure is disposed at one end of the dielectric plate and a radiation dipole structure is disposed at the other end of the dielectric plate along the extending directions of the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate.
In one embodiment of the invention, an input signal enters the medium transmission structure from the metal conversion structure in a TE10 mode, magnetic current along the stacking direction of the medium plates, generated in the TE10 mode in the medium transmission structure, is converted into electromagnetic signals emitted into a space, and end-emission radiation of the plane of the medium plates is formed; the current formed by the TE10 mode at the outer and intermediate metallization surfaces is further transmitted along the endwise connected radiating dipole structure forming endwise radiation on the dielectric plate sides along the dielectric plate width direction.
In one embodiment of the invention, the radiating dipole structure drives the directors to generate current, which is combined with the current formed on the surface of the metal plating to form end-fire radiation on the side of the dielectric plate along the width direction of the dielectric plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal cavity is provided with an input port through which the metal conversion structure passes and a connection port through which the radiation dipole structure passes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of through metallized vias are formed in each of the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate, the lower dielectric plate, the outer metal plating, the middle metal plating, and the dispersive structure.
In one embodiment of the invention, the metallized vias are distributed according to an array of shapes of the desired dielectric transport structure.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a metal dielectric is electroplated in the metallized via to effect the connection of the outer metallization layer, the intermediate metallization layer, and the dispersive structure.
In one embodiment of the invention, the outer metal coating and the intermediate metal coating are metal plates.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on the dispersion structure, the medium transmission structure extending along the length direction of the medium plates is formed by the constraint of the medium plates and the metal plating layers which are stacked in multiple layers, and end-face radiation is generated at the periphery of the medium transmission structure, namely the upper plane and the lower plane of the multiple layers of medium plates and the side face of the multiple layers of medium plates stacked, so that electromagnetic radiation is changed into surface radiation from side radiation, a millimeter wave communication technology of the end-fire antenna is provided, the working bandwidth of a millimeter wave communication system is increased, the size of the integrated antenna is reduced, and therefore the end-fire antenna can be placed at the side edge position of communication equipment, the overall section size of the equipment can be reduced, the antenna is placed at the side face position of the equipment, and external object interference suffered by the communication equipment can be effectively reduced in a plurality of application scenes such as millimeter wave indoor high-speed wireless access, terminal equipment, smart home and the like; in satellite communication and large-broadband backhaul base station applications, a high-gain reflection surface antenna is generally required, and an end-fire antenna has a smaller caliber size, so that the reflection surface antenna generally adopts the end-fire antenna as a feed source so as to reduce shielding of the feed source.
The substrate integrated end-fire antenna of the invention also introduces a dispersion structure to ensure performance, and unlike the traditional multi-layer board structure antenna, the end-fire antenna of the design introduces a dispersion structure between the board layers to ensure performance at high working frequency, and has the same structure as the common medium board, and still has the advantages of simple and compact structure and easy processing.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a substrate-integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersive structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the dielectric radiation section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded construction of a dielectric radiating portion;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulation results of S-parameters of a substrate-integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersive structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the gain simulation results of a substrate-integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersive structure according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of radiation pattern simulation results of main polarization and cross polarization of a substrate-integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersive structure according to the present invention.
Description of the specification reference numerals: 1. a medium radiation section; 11. an upper dielectric plate; 12. an intermediate dielectric plate; 13. a lower dielectric plate; 14. an outer metal plating layer; 15. an intermediate metal plating layer; 16. a dispersion structure; 17. metallizing the via hole; 2. a metal cavity; 3. a metal conversion structure; 4. radiating a dipole structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersion structure of the present invention comprises a dielectric radiation part 1 and a metal cavity 2 coated outside the dielectric radiation part 1, wherein the dielectric radiation part 1 comprises three layers of upper dielectric plates 11, middle dielectric plates 12 and lower dielectric plates 13 which are stacked in parallel, the shapes and the sizes of the upper dielectric plates 11, the middle dielectric plates 12 and the lower dielectric plates 13 are the same, outer metal plating layers 14 are arranged on the side surfaces of the upper dielectric plates 11 and the lower dielectric plates 13, which are far away from the middle dielectric plates 12, middle metal plating layers 12 are arranged on the side surfaces of the upper dielectric plates 11 and the lower dielectric plates 13, which are close to the middle dielectric plates 12, the middle metal plating layers 12 comprise two parts which are arranged at intervals, and a space surrounded by the outer metal plating layers 14 and the middle metal plating layers 15 is a medium transmission structure;
specifically, along the extending direction of the upper dielectric plate 11, the middle dielectric plate 12 and the lower dielectric plate 13, a metal conversion structure 3 is arranged at one end of the dielectric plate, a radiation dipole structure 4 is arranged at the other end of the dielectric plate, an end-shooting dipole along the E plane is adopted, a broadband dipole is excited by utilizing the current inversion characteristic along the E plane in a TE10 mode, an input signal enters the dielectric transmission structure from the metal conversion structure 3 in the TE10 mode, the TE10 in the embodiment is an electromagnetic wave in a standard rectangular waveguide with a magnetic field component and no electric field component along the propagation direction, 1 refers to the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic field with half-wave variation along the wide side direction of the rectangular waveguide, 0 refers to the uniform distribution along the narrow side, and the magnetic current along the stacking direction of the dielectric plate generated in the dielectric transmission structure is converted into an electromagnetic signal emitted into a space to form the end-shooting radiation of the plane of the dielectric plate; the current formed by TE10 mode on the surfaces of the outer metal coating and the middle metal coating is further transmitted along the radiation dipole structure connected with the tail end to form end-emission radiation on the side surface of the dielectric plate along the width direction of the dielectric plate, and the two electromagnetic signals are combined to form the electromagnetic radiation of the whole end-emission antenna;
specifically, in order to further enhance the end-fire radiation on the side face of the dielectric plate along the width direction of the dielectric plate, a director is introduced at the radiating dipole end, the radiating dipole structure 4 drives the director to generate current, and the current formed on the surface of the metal coating is combined with the current to jointly form the end-fire radiation on the side face of the dielectric plate along the width direction of the dielectric plate, so that the bandwidth performance is further enhanced, and the wider working bandwidth requirement of the end-fire antenna is realized;
according to the embodiment, the constraint of the dielectric plates and the metal plating layers which are stacked in the multi-layer mode is utilized to form the dielectric transmission structure extending along the length direction of the dielectric plates, and end face radiation is generated on the periphery of the dielectric transmission structure, namely the upper plane and the lower plane of the multi-layer dielectric plates and the side face of the multi-layer dielectric plate stack, so that electromagnetic radiation is changed into surface radiation from side radiation, a millimeter wave communication technology of the end face radiation is provided, the working bandwidth of a millimeter wave communication system is increased, the size of an integrated antenna is reduced, therefore, the end-fire antenna can be placed at the side edge position of the communication equipment, the overall cross-sectional size of the equipment can be reduced, the antenna is placed at the side face position of the equipment, and external object interference suffered by the communication equipment can be effectively reduced in a plurality of application scenes such as millimeter wave indoor high-speed wireless access, terminal equipment, smart home and the like; in satellite communication and large-broadband backhaul base station applications, a high-gain reflection surface antenna is generally required, and an end-fire antenna has a smaller caliber size, so that the reflection surface antenna generally adopts the end-fire antenna as a feed source so as to reduce shielding of the feed source.
Specifically, the side of the middle metal plating layer 15, which is close to the upper dielectric plate 11 and the lower dielectric plate 13, is provided with a dispersion structure 16, the dispersion structure 16 is a metal boss contacted with the middle metal plating layer 15, and the metal boss is coated with a dispersion material; the substrate integrated end-fire antenna of this embodiment introduces the dispersion structure 16 to ensure performance, unlike the traditional multi-layer board structure antenna, the end-fire antenna of this design introduces the dispersion structure 16 between the board layers to ensure performance at high working frequency, and is the same as the common dielectric board structure, and still has the advantages of simple and compact structure and easy processing.
Specifically, the metal cavity 2 is provided with an input port through which the metal conversion structure 3 passes and a connection port through which the radiation dipole structure 4 passes.
Specifically, in order to limit the transmission direction of the medium transmission structure in the medium radiation portion, a plurality of through metallized via holes 17 are formed on the upper medium plate 11, the middle medium plate 12, the lower medium plate 13, the outer metal plating layer 14, the middle metal plating layer 15 and the dispersion structure 16, the metallized via holes 17 are distributed according to the shape array of the required medium transmission structure, metal medium is electroplated in the metallized via holes 17, connection of the outer metal plating layer 14, the middle metal plating layer 15 and the dispersion structure 16 is realized, and the medium transmission structure is formed among the metallized via holes 17 distributed in the array.
Specifically, the outer metal plating layer 14 and the intermediate metal plating layer 15 in this embodiment are both metal plates.
In order to verify that the substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on the dispersion structure of the embodiment can realize end-face radiation and stable bandwidth gain, tests and electric field and magnetic field distribution monitoring are carried out according to the following steps:
an input signal is input to an input port in a TE10 mode, reaches a metal conversion structure 3 part after transmission, and enters a medium radiation part 1 through a conversion structure at the tail end of a medium plate;
the signal continues to be transmitted in the transmission structure inside the medium by the constraint of the metal coating;
the distribution states of the electric field and the magnetic field are monitored in the transmission process, so that when energy is transmitted to the vicinity of the tail end, magnetic current in the medium, which is generated by TE10 modes and is along the stacking direction of the dielectric plates, can be clearly seen to be converted into electromagnetic signals which are emitted into the space, and end-emission radiation of the plane of the dielectric plates is formed; the current formed by the TE10 mode at the surfaces of the outer metal plating layer 14 and the intermediate metal plating layer 15 is further transmitted along the end-connected radiating dipole structure, forming end-shot radiation on the dielectric plate side along the dielectric plate width direction;
the resulting signal is emitted from within the transmission structure into space by radiation generated by the end-fire antenna.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, the test results of the above-described experiments are shown:
fig. 4 is a simulation result diagram of S parameters of the end-fire antenna in this embodiment, and fig. 5 is a gain simulation result diagram of the antenna in this embodiment; as can be seen from fig. 4, the coverage frequency bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna with S parameter smaller than-10 dB is 82GHz-130GHz, and fig. 5 shows that the gain in the frequency bandwidth is larger than 8.3dBi, so that stable gain in the bandwidth is realized.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing simulation results of radiation patterns of main polarization and cross polarization on E and H planes at 85GHz, 90GHz and 95GHz frequency points of the antenna according to the embodiment; from the figure, it can be seen that the radiation pattern on both faces, including the main polarization coverage angle range and the amplitude of the cross polarization, where the half power beam width reaches 60 degrees on both faces, while the cross polarization level is less than-45 dB, achieves a wider beam range.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a substrate integration end-fire antenna based on dispersion structure, includes medium radiation portion and cladding at the metal cavity outside the medium radiation portion, its characterized in that:
the medium radiation part comprises three layers of upper medium plates, middle medium plates and lower medium plates which are stacked in parallel, an outer metal coating is arranged on the side surfaces of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, which are far away from the middle medium plates, a middle metal coating is arranged on the side surfaces of the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates, which are close to the middle medium plates, each layer of middle metal coating comprises two parts which are arranged at intervals, a medium transmission structure is arranged in a space surrounded by the outer metal coating and the middle metal coating, and a dispersion structure is arranged on one side of the middle metal coating, which is close to the upper medium plates and the lower medium plates;
along the extending direction of the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate, a metal conversion structure is arranged at one end of the dielectric plate, and a radiation dipole structure is arranged at the other end of the middle dielectric plate; the metal cavity is provided with an input port for the metal conversion structure to pass through and a connection port for the radiation dipole structure to pass through;
and the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate, the lower dielectric plate, the outer metal coating, the middle metal coating and the dispersion structure are all provided with a plurality of through metallized through holes, and metal media are electroplated in the metallized through holes, so that the connection of the outer metal coating, the middle metal coating and the dispersion structure is realized.
2. The dispersion structure based substrate integrated end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dispersion structure is a metal boss contacted with the intermediate metal coating, and a dispersion material is coated on the metal boss.
3. The dispersion structure based substrate integrated end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the input signal enters the medium transmission structure from the metal conversion structure in a TE10 mode, magnetic current generated by the TE10 mode in the medium transmission structure along the stacking direction of the medium plates is converted into electromagnetic signals emitted into the space, and end-emission radiation of the plane of the medium plates is formed; the current formed by the TE10 mode at the outer and intermediate metallization surfaces is further transmitted along the endwise connected radiating dipole structure forming endwise radiation on the dielectric plate sides along the dielectric plate width direction.
4. A substrate-integrated end-fire antenna based on a dispersive structure according to claim 3, wherein: the radiating dipole structure drives the director to generate current, and the current formed on the surface of the metal coating are combined together to form end-emitting radiation on the side face of the dielectric plate along the width direction of the dielectric plate.
5. The dispersion structure based substrate integrated end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the metallized vias are distributed according to an array of shapes of the desired dielectric transport structure.
6. The dispersion structure based substrate integrated end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the outer metal coating and the middle metal coating are metal plates.
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| CN202111256212.2A CN113972482B (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Substrate integrated end-fire antenna based on dispersion structure |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205178018U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-20 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Integrated waveguide horn antenna of two circular polarization substrates in plane |
| CN108258404A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-06 | 西安电子工程研究所 | A kind of plane dipole antenna with low rejection characteristic |
| CN112952369A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 南京锐码毫米波太赫兹技术研究院有限公司 | Broadband +/-45-degree dual-polarized millimeter wave end-fire antenna and array thereof |
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- 2021-11-02 CN CN202111256212.2A patent/CN113972482B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205178018U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-20 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Integrated waveguide horn antenna of two circular polarization substrates in plane |
| CN108258404A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-06 | 西安电子工程研究所 | A kind of plane dipole antenna with low rejection characteristic |
| CN112952369A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 南京锐码毫米波太赫兹技术研究院有限公司 | Broadband +/-45-degree dual-polarized millimeter wave end-fire antenna and array thereof |
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