CN114759354A - Miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna - Google Patents

Miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna Download PDF

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CN114759354A
CN114759354A CN202210352962.8A CN202210352962A CN114759354A CN 114759354 A CN114759354 A CN 114759354A CN 202210352962 A CN202210352962 A CN 202210352962A CN 114759354 A CN114759354 A CN 114759354A
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horn
medium
broadband
antenna
waveguide
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CN114759354B (en
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薛泉
刘志强
廖绍伟
车文荃
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208Corrugated horns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0275Ridged horns
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna, which relates to the technical field of antennas and comprises a waveguide horn, wherein the horn surface of the waveguide horn is provided with a plurality of grooves, the grooves are provided with first medium loads so as to control the beam shape in a broadband in the transverse direction, the relative dielectric constant of the first medium loads is more than 1, and the first medium loads are provided with metal coatings; and the second medium load is arranged at the aperture position of the waveguide horn and comprises a plurality of gradient structures, and the middle parts of the gradient structures are gradually reduced towards two ends so as to control the beam shape in the broadband in the longitudinal direction, thereby improving the directional diagram anisometry of the feed source. The contradiction of realizing wide bandwidth in small volume is solved, the feed source has the characteristics of miniaturization and light weight, and the feed source can be better and widely applied.

Description

Miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna.
Background
In order to ensure the illumination efficiency of the parabolic antenna, the beam width of-10 dB of the feed antenna is matched with the focal ratio of the reflecting surface in the whole bandwidth. In order to reduce the shielding effect of the feed source on the paraboloid and to easily integrate a plurality of feed sources, the size of the feed source should meet the miniaturization characteristic.
The current broadband parabolic antenna feed is mainly realized by adopting a log-periodic antenna (such as an eleven antenna), a corrugated horn and the like.
(1) Log periodic antenna scheme: the log periodic antenna is an ultra-wideband antenna, the bandwidth coverage is very wide, the bandwidth can be 10:1, and the log periodic antenna is often used as a feed source of a reflector antenna due to the ultra-wideband characteristic. Article [1] proposes an Eleven antenna consisting of four log periodic antennas, with a bandwidth of up to 6.5: 1. Article [2] designed a log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) consisting of two log-periodic antennas, achieving a 10:1 bandwidth.
The log-periodic antenna adopts a non-frequency-variable structure to realize the invariance of the beam shape in a broadband, and the radiation structures with different frequencies adopt TEM transmission lines for series feeding, so that the current path is long, the signal loss is large, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is reduced. In addition, due to different frequencies, the position of radiation can be changed, so that the equivalent phase center is shifted, and the aperture efficiency is reduced. Meanwhile, the requirement on the processing precision of the log-periodic antenna is high, so that the log-periodic antenna has the defect that the high-frequency part cannot be covered.
(2) Corrugated horn antenna scheme: the corrugated horn antenna is used as a feed source, and can realize higher antenna efficiency in a wide bandwidth. Article [3] designs a dielectric loaded corrugated horn antenna operating at a broadband of 71.3% at 6.5-13.7GHz and having a volume of 110mm x 135 mm.
The corrugated horn is characterized in that the shape of a radiation caliber is directly changed, concave-convex parts (corrugated grooves) with different depths are dug or embedded in the inner wall of the horn, and the current distribution on the surface of the caliber is controlled so as to control the shape of a beam, so that high caliber efficiency is realized. The existing corrugated horn antenna needs enough caliber size to ensure the beam width in a broadband, which results in large volume and heavy weight; the paraboloid is shielded greatly, so that the caliber efficiency is reduced.
Both of the above methods can control the beam shape of the reflector antenna feed, but both have some limitations and design difficulties. The log-periodic antenna has the defects of large loss, high requirement on processing precision, incapability of covering high frequency and unstable phase center. The bellows horn has the disadvantages of large size and heavy weight.
[1].J.Yang et al.,"Cryogenic 2–13GHz Eleven Feed for Reflector Antennas in Future Wideband Radio Telescopes,"in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,vol.59,no.6,pp.1918-1934,June 2011,doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2122229.
[2].O.Sushko,S.Piltyay and F.Dubrovka,"Symmetrically Fed 1–10GHz Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna Array Feed for Reflector Antennas,"2020IEEE Ukrainian Microwave Week(UkrMW),2020,pp.222-225,doi:10.1109/UkrMW49653.2020.9252778.
[3].H.Lee,J.Lee and J.Choi,"A corrugated horn antenna with a dielectric lens for high gain performance,"2015International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation(ISAP),2015,pp.1-2.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna, which solves the contradiction of realizing broadband width in a small volume, and also has the characteristics of miniaturization and light weight, so that the feed source antenna can be better and widely applied.
The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna comprises a waveguide horn, wherein the horn surface of the waveguide horn is provided with a plurality of grooves, the grooves are provided with first medium loads to control the beam shape in a broadband in the transverse direction, the relative dielectric constant of the first medium loads is larger than 1, and the first medium loads are provided with metal coatings; and the second medium loading is arranged at the aperture position of the waveguide horn and comprises a plurality of gradually-changed structures, and the middle parts of the gradually-changed structures are gradually reduced towards the two ends so as to control the beam shape in the broadband in the longitudinal direction, thereby improving the directional diagram symmetry of the feed source.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the second media load is cross-shaped, and the second media load comprises four of the gradient structures arranged at equal angles.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the second dielectric loading is a polycarbonate dielectric with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the number of the grooves is at least two, the first medium loading includes a plurality of annular bodies with successively larger diameters, each annular body is installed in the corresponding groove, and each annular body is concentrically installed on the horn surface of the waveguide horn.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the first dielectric loading is a polycarbonate dielectric with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8.
In an optional or preferred embodiment, two grooves are formed in the inner ring, and two annular bodies are provided, wherein the two annular bodies are respectively a first annular medium located in the inner ring and a second annular medium located in the outer ring.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the inner peripheral surface and the upper end surface of the first annular medium are provided with metal coatings along the inner peripheral surface and the upper end surface, and the lower end surface, the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the second annular medium are provided with metal coatings.
In an alternative or preferred embodiment, the waveguide horn is a four-ridge waveguide, and the waveguide horn comprises a horn body and four ridge pieces which are arranged inside the horn body at equal angles.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: according to the technical scheme, the waveguide horn is provided with the groove, the first medium loading with the relative dielectric constant larger than 1 is arranged, the first medium loading can control the beam shape in the broadband in the transverse direction, the feed source structure of the corrugated horn and the medium loading is formed, the working principle of the feed source structure is the same as that of a traditional corrugated horn, the current distribution of the caliber surface is changed, the electromagnetic wave distribution is further changed, and the effect of controlling the beam width is achieved. Since the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric loading is greater than 1,the stability of the E/H face pattern of the feed can be improved, for example, the 10dB beam width of the feed is controlled to be (2 theta) in a wider bandwidthm) Within +/-10 degrees, the end-fire directional gain of the feed source can be controlled to be stable, and the size of the feed source can be smaller than that of a traditional corrugated horn, so that the miniaturization and the light weight are realized. Meanwhile, the second medium is loaded in the longitudinal direction to control the beam shape in the broadband, the 10dB beam width of an E/H plane directional diagram of the feed source can be adjusted from great phase difference to mutual approach, and the directional diagram anisometry of the feed source is further improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first media load in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second media load in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of S parameters for simulation performance for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an antenna endfire direction gain diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an antenna E-plane pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an antenna H-plane pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a feed pattern of 10dB beamwidth for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the directivity of a reflector antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of aperture efficiency of a reflector antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna includes a waveguide horn 10 and a second dielectric loading 30. The waveguide horn 10 is a four-ridge waveguide, and the waveguide horn 10 includes a horn body 11 and four ridge pieces 12 installed inside the horn body 11 at equal angles. As shown in fig. 3, the waveguide horn 10 has a reflective cavity 13 and is located in the bottom of the horn body 11.
The waveguide horn 10 has a horn face formed with a plurality of grooves, the grooves are provided with first dielectric loads 20 to control the beam shape in the broadband in the transverse direction, the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric loads 20 is greater than 1, and in this embodiment, the first dielectric loads 20 are polycarbonate media with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8.
In one embodiment, the at least two grooves are opened, and the first dielectric loading 20 comprises a plurality of annular bodies with successively larger diameters, each annular body being arranged in a matching groove, and each annular body being concentrically arranged on the horn face of the waveguide horn 10. Specifically, two grooves are formed, and as shown in fig. 5, two annular bodies are provided, namely a first annular medium 21 located at the inner ring and a second annular medium 22 located at the outer ring.
The inner peripheral surface and the upper end inner edge of the first annular medium 20 are provided with the metal plating layers 23, the upper end inner edge of the first annular medium 20 refers to a partial region where the upper end surface is close to the inner peripheral surface, and the lower end surface, the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the second annular medium are provided with the metal plating layers 23. In the present embodiment, the directions of the "upper end surface" and the "lower end surface" refer to fig. 5, which are used to describe the structures of the first circular ring medium and the second circular ring medium, and are not to be construed as a protection limitation of the present application.
It can be understood that, in the above technical scheme, the waveguide horn 10 is provided with the groove, and the first dielectric load 20 with the relative dielectric constant greater than 1 is arranged, and the first dielectric load 20 can control the beam shape in the broadband in the transverse direction, so as to form a feed source structure of the 'corrugated horn + dielectric load', and the working principle of the feed source structure is the same as that of the conventional corrugated horn, and the electromagnetic wave distribution is changed by changing the current distribution on the caliber surface, so as to achieve the effect of controlling the beam width. Because the relative dielectric constant loaded by the first medium is larger than 1, the stability of the E/H plane pattern of the feed source can be improved, for example, the 10dB beam width of the feed source is controlled to be (2 theta) in a wider bandwidthm) Within +/-10 degrees, the end-fire directional gain of the feed source can be controlled to be stable, and the size of the feed source can be smaller than that of a traditional corrugated horn, so that the miniaturization and the light weight are realized.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the second dielectric loading 30 is installed at a caliber position of the waveguide horn 10, the second dielectric loading 30 includes a plurality of gradient structures 31, and a middle portion of each gradient structure 31 is gradually reduced towards two ends, so as to control a beam shape in a broadband in a longitudinal direction, thereby improving the directional diagram isotropic symmetry of the feed source. Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the cross section of the second medium loading 30 is cross-shaped, and the second medium loading 30 includes four gradient structures 31 arranged at equal angles. The second dielectric loading 30 employs a polycarbonate dielectric with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8. The second medium is loaded in the longitudinal direction to control the beam shape in the broadband, the 10dB beam width of an E/H plane directional diagram of the feed source can be adjusted from great phase difference to mutual approach, and the directional diagram anisometry of the feed source is further improved.
Through the combined action of the first medium loading and the second medium loading, the beam width control in a broadband can be realized through comprehensive adjustment.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained by taking a miniaturized width reflecting surface antenna feed of a four-ridge waveguide horn loading medium working at 17.48-40.31GHz as an example. In addition, the radiation aperture design in the invention is also suitable for the feed source design of the reflector antenna in other frequency bands, other apertures in other shapes and other different feed modes.
Fig. 7 shows an S parameter graph of simulation performance, and it can be seen that the feed antenna of this example can cover a frequency band range of 17.48-40.31GHz, and a relative bandwidth is greater than 79%.
Fig. 8 is an end-fire directional gain diagram for a feed antenna with in-band gain fluctuations below 1.7 dBi. The gains corresponding to the upper and lower band limits are 8.91dBi @27.6GHz and 10.59dBi @40.31GHz respectively. With the increase of the frequency, the gain is seen to be the trend of increasing first, then decreasing and then increasing, the fluctuation amplitude is lower, and the gain changes more stably along with the frequency.
Fig. 9 shows an E-plane pattern of the feed antenna at four frequency points of 18.5, 25.5, 32.5 and 39.5GHz, and fig. 10 shows an H-plane pattern of the feed antenna at four frequency points of 18.5, 25.5, 32.5 and 39.5 GHz. It can be seen that the patterns on both the E and H planes remain symmetrical. And moreover, the shapes of the directional diagrams of frequency points of the E surface and the H surface are very close to each other in the range of-10 dB to 0 dB.
The feed pattern for a 10dB beamwidth is shown in figure 11 and it can be seen that the 10dB beamwidth fluctuates in the range of 115 deg. + -10 deg. throughout approximately 80% of the relative bandwidth, without exceeding that range. This also indicates that the 10dB beamwidth of the feed antenna is controlled very stably.
Fig. 12 illustrates the directivity of the feed antenna illumination at the corresponding reflecting surface, with a first side lobe as low as-23.89 dBi and most side lobes below-40 dBi.
Fig. 13 shows the aperture efficiency of the feed antenna irradiating on the corresponding reflecting surface, which is more than 65% in the whole working bandwidth. It can be seen that the equivalent phase center of the feed antenna is stable, and the phenomenon of the offset of the equivalent phase center does not exist.
In the prior art, the conventional corrugated horn is to spread the horn surface in the transverse direction, so as to control the beam shape in the wide band. In the embodiment of the invention, a structure of a waveguide horn, a first medium load and a second medium load is adopted, the first medium load controls the beam shape in the broadband in the transverse direction, and the second medium load controls the beam shape in the broadband in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the overall size of the feed antenna is smaller than that of the feed antenna in the existing corrugated horn scheme. The invention solves the contradiction of realizing wide bandwidth in small volume, and also leads the feed source antenna to have the characteristics of miniaturization and light weight, thus leading the feed source antenna to be better and widely applied.
Although the conventional log periodic antenna has a very wide working bandwidth, the current path is too long and the loss is large due to the working principle, and the equivalent phase centers of high frequency and low frequency have large offset, so that the log periodic antenna cannot obtain high aperture efficiency, and even cannot obtain high aperture efficiency in a broadband. In the embodiment of the invention, a structure of the waveguide horn, the first medium loading and the second medium loading is adopted, so that the gain stability and the beam width stability can be controlled within 79% of the relative bandwidth, the stability of an equivalent phase center can be ensured, and the high aperture efficiency within the bandwidth is realized.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Beam loudspeaker feed antenna is stabilized in miniaturized broadband, its characterized in that: comprises that
The waveguide horn is characterized in that the horn surface of the waveguide horn is provided with a plurality of grooves, the grooves are provided with the first medium loads to control the beam shape in a broadband in the transverse direction, the relative dielectric constant of the first medium loads is larger than 1, and the first medium loads and is provided with a metal coating; and
and the second medium loading is arranged at the aperture position of the waveguide horn and comprises a plurality of gradually-changed structures, and the middle parts of the gradually-changed structures are gradually reduced towards the two ends so as to control the beam shape in the broadband in the longitudinal direction, thereby improving the directional diagram symmetry of the feed source.
2. The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the second medium loading is cross-shaped, and the second medium loading comprises four gradient structures which are arranged at equal angles.
3. The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 2, wherein: the second medium loading adopts a polycarbonate medium with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8.
4. The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 1, wherein: the waveguide horn comprises a waveguide horn body, a first medium loading device and a second medium loading device, wherein the waveguide horn body is provided with at least two grooves, the first medium loading device comprises a plurality of annular bodies with diameters which are sequentially increased, each annular body is arranged in the matched groove, and each annular body is concentrically arranged on the horn face of the waveguide horn.
5. The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 4, wherein: the first medium loading adopts a polycarbonate medium with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8.
6. The miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 4, wherein: the number of the grooves is two, and the number of the annular bodies is two, namely a first annular medium located on the inner ring and a second annular medium located on the outer ring.
7. The miniaturized wideband stable beam horn feed antenna of claim 6, wherein: the inner peripheral surface and the upper end surface of the first circular ring medium are internally provided with metal coatings along the inner edge, and the lower end surface, the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the second circular ring medium are provided with metal coatings.
8. The miniaturized wideband stable beam horn feed antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the waveguide horn is four ridge waveguides, the waveguide horn includes the loudspeaker body and waits the angle to install four ridge pieces inside the loudspeaker body.
CN202210352962.8A 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 Miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna Active CN114759354B (en)

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