CN107634339B - High-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface common reflector antenna based on super surface - Google Patents
High-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface common reflector antenna based on super surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna, which mainly solves the problem that a convex surface mirror conformal with an umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier cannot realize beam calibration and comprises the umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier, the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror, a feed source, a coaxial adapter and a support structure, wherein the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror is formed by splicing a plane polygon discrete super surface of an even-number-side regular n-polygon and m × n plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces and is embedded on the convex surface of the umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier, the plane polygon discrete super surface and the plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces respectively comprise a medium substrate, a radiation floor and a resonant ring super surface, the resonant ring super surface is formed by resonant rings which are different in specification and are periodically and two-dimensionally and linearly arranged, each resonant ring provides phase compensation for incident waves, so that the beam calibration and the pencil beam synthesis of the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror to electromagnetic waves with any curvature are realized, and the feed source is fixed at the focus position of the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror through the coaxial adapter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a reflector antenna, and particularly relates to a super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna, which realizes pencil beams and can be applied to the fields of wireless communication, target detection and the like.
Technical Field
The high directivity of the reflector antenna makes it widely used in communication, radar, etc. However, conventional reflecting surfaces are typically designed as concave parabolas, which are difficult to conformally load on the convex surface of a spacecraft. For the traditional parabolic reflecting surface, because the parabola has the property that the distance from any point on the parabola to a fixed focus is just equal to the vertical distance from the point to a fixed collimation line, after all waves emitted by an isotropic feed source at the focus are reflected by the parabola, the electrical lengths of the total propagation paths of incident waves and reflected waves at different angles are equal when the total propagation paths leave the aperture surface of an antenna, and the propagation direction of the reflected waves is parallel to the direction of the central connecting line of the feed source and the reflecting surface, so that the spherical wave front incident on the feed source can be converted into the wave front of an emergent plane. If the parabolic reflector is replaced by the traditional convex mirror, after all waves emitted by the isotropic feed source at the same focus are reflected by the convex mirror, the transmission direction of the reflected waves is far away from the connecting line direction of the feed source and the center of the reflecting surface, the incident waves are closer to the edge of the convex mirror, the incident angle at the point is larger, the corresponding reflecting angle is larger, the reflected waves cannot obtain the plane wave front of the equiphase surface on the aperture surface of the antenna, and therefore the convex mirror is not suitable for constructing the beam collimation reflecting surface.
Generally, an emergent wave radiated by a rotating parabolic reflector antenna is a pencil beam, the vertical plane beam and the horizontal plane beam of the antenna of the pencil beam are narrow, high gain performance is easy to obtain, the transmitting power required by equipment such as a microwave scatterometer for remote detection is small, the angle measurement precision and the resolution of the pencil beam antenna on the elevation angle and the azimuth of a detection target are high, and continuous scanning and surveying and mapping without a blind area can be realized by using rotating scanning, so that an umbrella-shaped convex reflecting surface antenna is conformally loaded on convex surfaces such as a space vehicle and the like, a radiation pattern of the pencil beam is obtained, and the pencil beam antenna has strong practical application value. However, for a long time, the design of the reflector antenna for realizing pencil beams takes a paraboloid of revolution as a basic geometric structure, and the design of the common reflector antenna by utilizing convex surfaces such as a space vehicle and the like and the realization of beam calibration are still difficult problems in engineering. In the existing research, the beam calibration of the planar common reflector antenna is mostly realized by adopting a technology of replacing a rotating paraboloid reflector by a planar reflector based on a super surface.
Such as: the invention patent with the publication number of CN 103558655B and the name of 'method for designing a metamaterial-based full-plane-structure conical curved surface reflector' discloses a method for designing a metamaterial-based full-plane-structure conical curved surface reflector, wherein a metamaterial dielectric layer is loaded on a plane reflecting surface, so that the reflecting characteristic of the metamaterial-based full-plane-structure conical curved surface reflector is equivalent to that of a conical curved surface reflector, and the planar conformal design of a pencil beam reflecting surface antenna is realized.
The method can effectively design the concave reflector of the traditional reflector antenna into a planar reflector and calibrate the beam, but can not solve the problem of beam calibration of the convex reflector conformal with the umbrella-shaped convex carrier.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna comprises an umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier 1, an umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror 2, a feed source 3, a coaxial conversion joint 4 and a support structure 5, wherein the convex surface of the umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier 1 consists of an even number of regular n side surface surfaces positioned at the top and n groups of composite convex surfaces which are connected with all sides of the regular n side surface and bent downwards, each group of composite convex surfaces comprises m planar isosceles trapezoids extending downwards according to a certain curvature, n is not less than 4, m is not less than 2, the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror 2 consists of a planar polygon discrete super surface 21 embedded on the regular n side surface and m × n planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22 embedded on the n groups of composite convex surfaces to form a reflecting surface structure, the planar polygon discrete super surface 21 and the planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surface 22 both comprise a dielectric substrate, a radiating floor printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and a resonant ring super-surface of the resonant ring, the resonant ring super-surface is formed by a plurality of periodic two-dimensional linear arrangement, the resonant ring super-surface 21 and the resonant ring super-surface 22 consists of resonant ring resonant structures, the resonant ring super-surface and the resonant ring super-surface, the resonant ring super-surface is fixed on the focal length of the resonant ring super-surface carrier, the focal length of the resonant ring super-surface antenna, the resonant ring super-surface antenna.
In the above-mentioned super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface common reflector antenna, the waist length of the radiation floor of the planar isosceles trapezoid-shaped discrete super-surface 22 is equal to the length of the diagonal line of the radiation floor of the planar polygonal discrete super-surface 21, a convex folding line formed by connecting each waist, the waist sequentially connected with the end point of the waist and one diagonal line of the radiation floor of the planar polygonal discrete super-surface 21 is located on the same plane, the included angle of every two adjacent line segments of the convex folding line is equal, and the radius of the circumscribed circle on the plane on which the convex folding line is located is defined as the curvature radius of the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror 2.
In the above super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex-surface-shaped coplanar reflector antenna, the calculation formula of the phase compensation phi of the resonant ring is as follows:
wherein k is the wave number in free space, x and y are coordinate values of the position of the resonant ring, r is the curvature radius of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, and fLThe focal length of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2.
According to the high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna based on the super surface, the resonant ring adopts a circular ring structure and is used for realizing phase compensation of incident waves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the reflecting surface of the antenna is a convex mirror, a super-surface structure is introduced on the convex mirror, phase compensation is carried out on incident waves during reflection, a radiation directional diagram of the high-directivity pencil-shaped wave beam is obtained, and compared with a high-directivity planar conformal reflecting surface in the prior art, the wave beam calibration of the convex reflecting surface antenna conformal with the umbrella-shaped convex carrier is realized.
(2) The super-surface structure is a metal circular resonant ring, has isotropic property, is suitable for an umbrella-shaped convex surface structure which is symmetrical about the center of the super-surface structure, realizes different phase compensation values through the size of the resonant ring, has simple structure and easy regulation, has universality in a design scheme, and can be loaded on the surface of a convex mirror with any curvature to perform phase compensation on incident waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resonant ring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the radiation pattern at 20.0GHz for an embodiment of the invention and a convex mirror with the resonant ring structure removed;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the near field electric field at 20.0GHz of a convex mirror with the resonant ring structure removed according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the variation trend of the maximum gain between 19.0GHz and 21.0GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of S11 at 19.0 GHz-21.0 GHz according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a high directionality umbrella shape convex surface common shaping plane antenna based on super surface, including umbrella shape convex surface carrier 1, umbrella shape convex surface mirror 2, feed 3, coaxial crossover sub 4 and bearing structure 5, umbrella shape convex surface carrier 1's convex surface is met and 8 compound convex surfaces of group of buckling downwards by the regular octagon face that is located the top and with this regular octagon face each side and constitutes, and every compound convex surface of group contains 2 plane isosceles trapezoid according to certain camber downwardly extending, umbrella shape convex surface mirror 2 comprises the discrete super surface of plane polygon 21 of inlaying on regular octagon face and the discrete super surface 22 of 2 × 8 plane isosceles trapezoid of inlaying on 8 compound convex surfaces of group, forms the plane of reflection structure.
The planar polygonal discrete super surface 21 and the planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surface 22 both comprise a medium substrate, a radiation floor printed on the lower surface of the medium substrate and a resonant ring super surface on the upper surface of the medium substrate, wherein one side on which the radiation floor is printed is connected with the umbrella-shaped convex carrier 1, the resonant ring super surface is composed of a plurality of resonant rings which are different in specification and are periodically arranged in a two-dimensional linear mode, the resonant rings are of a circular ring structure, the arrangement mode is that the area occupied by each resonant ring is a square unit of 3.0mm × 3.0.0 mm, the center of the square coincides with the circle center of each resonant ring, and the plurality of square unit areas are densely paved on the resonant ring super surface in a two-dimensional linear mode, so that the resonant ring super surface can contain more resonant rings as far as possible and the resonant rings do not coincide with each other.
The thickness of the dielectric substrate of the planar polygonal discrete super surface 21 is 0.5mm, the side lengths of the dielectric substrate, the radiation floor and the resonant ring super surface are 14.9mm, the diagonal lengths are 39mm, and the resonant ring super surface is composed of 33 resonant rings with different specifications.
The waist length of the radiation floor of the plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surface 22 is equal to the length of the diagonal line of the radiation floor of the plane polygonal discrete super surface 21, each waist is connected with the waist sequentially connected with the end point of the waist and one diagonal line of the radiation floor of the plane polygonal discrete super surface 21 to form a convex folding line, the included angle of every two adjacent line segments of the convex folding line is equal to 11.42 degrees, the radius r of the circumscribed circle on the plane where the convex folding line is located is defined as the curvature radius of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, and r is 195 mm.
The number of the plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22 is 16, the structures of the 8 plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22 adjacent to the plane polygonal discrete super surface 21 are completely the same, the thicknesses of the dielectric substrates are 0.5mm, the upper bottoms of the dielectric substrates, the radiation floor and the resonant ring super surfaces are 14.9mm, the waist lengths are 39mm, the lower bottoms of the dielectric substrates, the radiation floor and the resonant ring super surfaces are 44.2mm, and each resonant ring super surface is composed of 60 resonant rings with different specifications.
The structures of the remaining 8 plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22 adjacent to the 8 plane isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22 are completely the same, the thicknesses of the dielectric substrates are all 0.5mm, the upper bottoms of the dielectric substrates, the radiation floor and the resonant ring super surfaces are all 44.2mm, the waist lengths are all 39mm, the lower bottoms are all 71.7mm, and each resonant ring super surface is composed of 117 resonant rings with different specifications.
A Cartesian coordinate system is established at the center of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2 as the coordinate origin, the x axis is parallel to the horizontal plane of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, the y axis is parallel to the vertical plane of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, the x axis and the y axis are both parallel to a diagonal line of the radiation floor of the planar polygonal discrete super surface 21, the curvature radius r of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2 is 195mm, and the focal length f isLThe feed source 3 adopts a standard WR51 waveguide with the inner section width of 12.95mm, the height of 6.477mm and the single-mode transmission frequency range of 14.5 GHz-22.0 GHz, the standard WR51 waveguide is fixed at the focal position of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2 through the supporting structure 5, the center of the waveguide port face is positioned at the position where the z of the z axis is 90mm, the wide side of the inner section of the wave port is parallel to the x axis, and the feed is carried out through the coaxial adapter 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the phase compensation phi of the resonant ring is calculated by the following formula:
wherein k is the wave number in free space, x and y are coordinate values of the position of the resonant ring, r is the curvature radius of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, and fLFor the focal length of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2, the resonant rings adopt a ring structure and are used for realizing the phase compensation of incident waves, the phase value of each resonant ring is calculated according to a formula, then the radius dimension R and the line width dimension D of the resonant rings are adjusted, the phase compensation of the incident waves is realized, wherein the phase response of the resonant ring structure is sensitive to the incident angle of electromagnetic waves, the phase responses of a plurality of resonant rings with the same structure dimension but different incident angles are different, therefore, when the structure dimension of each resonant ring is adjusted, the influence of the incident angle needs to be considered, the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2 is symmetrical about the origin of a coordinate system, the same phase response is needed for a plurality of resonant rings with the same incident angle but different incident directions, and the phase response is the same becauseThe design of the resonant ring adopts a circular ring structure with isotropy to electromagnetic waves.
In this embodiment, in consideration of the respective geometric structural symmetry of the planar polygonal discrete super surface 21 and the planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surface 22, only the resonant ring structures in a part of the coordinate region are designed, and the resonant ring structures in the other regions are obtained through the symmetry, and the specific size structure of the resonant ring is as follows:
the resonant ring super-surface of the planar polygonal discrete super-surface 21 comprises 33 resonant rings, the variation interval of coordinate x is x ∈ [0.00mm, 37.91mm ], the variation interval of coordinate y is y ∈ [0.00mm, 18.00mm ], the variation interval of incidence angle is [0 degrees, 16.7 degrees ], the realized reflection phase interval is [ -170 degrees, -106 degrees ], the radius R is different from 1.34mm to 1.40mm, and the line width D is different from 0.10mm to 0.30 mm.
The planar polygonal discrete super surface 21 is adjacent to 8 planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surfaces 22, the resonant ring super surface of each planar isosceles trapezoid discrete super surface 22 comprises 60 resonant rings, the variation interval of coordinate x is x ∈ [15.93mm, 47.44mm ], the variation interval of coordinate y is y ∈ [7.55mm, 37.91mm ], the variation interval of incident angle is [29.5 degrees, 50.9 degrees ], the realized reflection phase interval is [ -179 degrees, +167 degrees ], the radius R is different from 0.5mm to 1.40mm, and the line width D is different from 0.10mm to 0.55 mm.
The remaining 8 isosceles-trapezoidal discrete super surfaces 22 adjacent to the 8 isosceles-trapezoidal discrete super surfaces 22, the resonant ring super surface of each isosceles-trapezoidal discrete super surface 22 includes 117 resonant rings, the variation interval of the coordinate x is x ∈ [43.11mm, 78.88mm ], the variation interval of the coordinate y is y ∈ [21.18mm, 63.16mm ], the variation interval of the incident angle is [61.8 °, 70.9 ° ], the realized reflection phase interval is [ -178 °, +175 ° ], the radius R is different from 0.5mm to 1.40mm, and the line width D is different from 0.10mm to 0.55 mm.
In this embodiment, the aperture of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror 2 in the horizontal plane is equal to the aperture of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror in the vertical plane, and the exit pencil beam is realized, where the length x of the reflection plane is 187.34mm in the x-axis and the length y of the reflection plane is 187.34mm in the y-axis.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and content
The three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic field simulation software CST study suie 2016 is adopted to simulate the radiation pattern contrast diagram, the near-field electric field diagram contrast diagram, the maximum gain variation trend diagram and the S11 simulation diagram of the invention, and the results are shown in fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6.
2. Analysis of simulation results
Referring to fig. 3, a comparison graph of the radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention and the convex mirror without the resonant ring structure at 20.0GHz shows that curve 1 represents the variation of the gain of the H-plane with the azimuth angle of the embodiment, the maximum radiation direction is 0 °, the gain is 22.5dBi, the half-power beam width is 6.2 °, curve 2 represents the variation of the gain of the E-plane with the azimuth angle of the embodiment, the maximum radiation direction is 0 °, the gain is 22.5dBi, the half-power beam width is 7.1 °, curve 3 represents the variation of the gain of the H-plane with the azimuth angle of the convex mirror without the resonant ring structure, the maximum radiation direction is ± 36 °, the gain is 4.04dBi, curve 4 represents the variation of the gain of the E-plane with the azimuth angle of the convex mirror without the resonant ring structure, the maximum radiation direction is ± 128 °, and the gain is 5.28. Simulation results show that the reflector antenna realizes a high-directivity pencil beam, and the beam calibration cannot be realized by removing the convex mirror of the resonant ring structure.
Referring to fig. 4(a) and 4(b), a comparison graph of the near field electric field at 20.0GHz of the convex mirror with the resonant ring structure removed according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, fig. 4(a) is a graph of the near field electric field of the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4(b) is a graph of the near field electric field of the convex mirror with the resonant ring structure removed. Simulation results show that plane wave fronts are obtained in the propagation direction after incident waves emitted from a feed source are reflected by the umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflecting surface based on the super surface, and beams are dispersed after the incident waves emitted from the feed source are reflected by the convex surface mirror without the resonant ring structure, so that beam calibration cannot be realized.
Referring to fig. 5, the maximum gain variation trend graph of the embodiment of the present invention ranges from 19.0GHz to 21.0 GHz. Simulation results show that the maximum gain of the antenna obviously changes along with the frequency in a frequency range from 19.0GHz to 21.0GHz, the optimal working frequency range is from 19.7GHz to 20.4GHz, the gain is generally larger than 22.0dBi, the maximum gain is 22.9dBi, and the working frequency is 20.2 GHz.
Referring to fig. 6, a simulation diagram of S11 at 19.0GHz to 21.0GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention. Simulation results show that in the frequency interval of 19.0 GHz-21.0 GHz, the antenna S11 has obvious change along with frequency, and all the change is lower than-10 dB.
Therefore, the super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface common-shape reflector antenna provided by the invention solves the problem that the convex mirror conformal with an umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier in the prior art cannot realize beam calibration, can perform phase compensation on incident waves on the convex mirror with any curvature by adjusting the super-surface structure, realizes the plane wavefront of a high-directivity pencil-shaped beam, expands the application range of the reflector antenna, and is suitable for the fields of wireless communication, target detection and the like.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications in form, detail, and parameters may be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention and, it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A super-surface-based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex surface conformal reflector antenna is characterized by comprising an umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier (1), an umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror (2), a feed source (3), a coaxial conversion connector (4) and a support structure (5), wherein the convex surface of the umbrella-shaped convex surface carrier (1) consists of n groups of regular n side surfaces located on even sides of the top and n groups of composite convex surfaces connected with all sides of the regular n side surfaces and bent downwards, each group of composite convex surfaces comprises m planar isosceles trapezoids extending downwards according to a certain curvature, n is larger than or equal to 4, m is larger than or equal to 2, the umbrella-shaped convex surface mirror (2) consists of a planar polygonal discrete super surface (21) embedded on the regular n side surfaces and m × n planar isosceles trapezoidal discrete super surfaces (22) embedded on the n groups of composite convex surfaces to form a reflector structure, the planar polygonal discrete super surface (21) and the planar isosceles trapezoidal discrete super surface (22) both comprise a medium substrate, resonant ring surfaces printed on the lower surface of the medium substrate and the upper surface, the planar discrete super-surface, the planar resonant ring surface (21) and the planar isosceles trapezoidal discrete super-surface resonant ring surface (22) are formed by a plurality of resonant ring resonant structures, the resonant ring resonant structures, the linear resonant ring resonant structures, the resonant ring resonant structures are fixed at different focal lengths, the focal lengths of the linear resonant ring resonant structures, the focal lengths of the focal points of the feed source, the conical convex surface (2.
2. The super-surface based high-directivity umbrella-shaped convex coplanar reflector antenna according to claim 1, wherein the planar isosceles trapezoid-shaped discrete super-surface (22) has a waist length of the radiation floor equal to the length of the diagonal line of the radiation floor of the planar polygonal discrete super-surface (21), and a convex folding line formed by connecting each waist with the waist sequentially connected to the end point thereof and one diagonal line of the radiation floor of the planar polygonal discrete super-surface (21) is located on the same plane, the convex folding line has an equal included angle between every two adjacent line segments, and the radius of the circumscribed circle on the plane thereof is defined as the radius of curvature of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror (2).
3. The super-surface based highly directional umbrella-shaped convex coplanar reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase compensation value of said resonating ring is:
wherein k is the wave number in the free space, x and y are coordinate values of the position of the resonant ring, r is the curvature radius of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror (2), and fLIs the focal length of the umbrella-shaped convex mirror (2).
4. The super-surface based highly directional umbrella-shaped convex surface-coplanar reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonating ring adopts a circular ring structure for phase compensation of incident waves.
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| WO2016171962A1 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Conformal optical metasurfaces |
| CN105789877A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-07-20 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Four-beam microstrip transmission array antenna based on super-surface, and design method for four-beam microstrip transmission array antenna |
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