CN111203805B - Full-automatic glass scratch repairing method - Google Patents
Full-automatic glass scratch repairing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111203805B CN111203805B CN202010017193.7A CN202010017193A CN111203805B CN 111203805 B CN111203805 B CN 111203805B CN 202010017193 A CN202010017193 A CN 202010017193A CN 111203805 B CN111203805 B CN 111203805B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
- B24B7/24—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass
- B24B7/242—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass for plate glass
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for repairing a glass scratch in a full-automatic manner, which is characterized in that a defect position is identified based on a machine vision technology, a laser scanning confocal device is utilized to test the depth of a scratch area, and a polishing disc are used for repairing the defect in a full-automatic manner; the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) photographing the glass by a camera to identify scratches; 2) scanning along the track, and measuring the plane and the depth of the scratch; testing the depth of the scratch area by adopting a laser scanning confocal device, judging whether grinding is needed or not and the time required by polishing of each coordinate according to the depth, and further repairing the glass along a track; 3) grinding according to the central track of the scratch by adopting a dry grinding type grinding sheet; 4) and polishing by adopting a dry type polishing sheet according to the central track of the scratch, and adjusting the polishing time according to the depth of the scratch to obtain the mirror glass. The method has the advantages that the repairing track is automatically generated, the grinding and the polishing are automatically performed, the 3D shape of the scratch is measured by adopting a laser scanning confocal method, the grinding and polishing procedures and time are adjusted, and the efficiency is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for full-automatically repairing scratches of glass.
Background
At present, chinese patent with patent publication No. CN204019302U discloses a semi-automatic scratch repairing machine, which adopts three translation shafts to move a polishing disc to a proper position, and then uses one rotation shaft to rotate the polishing disc, so as to realize semi-automatic polishing. Only one grinding head is provided, and for a sample with deep scratch, grinding is carried out firstly and then polishing is carried out, and the grinding head needs to be replaced back and forth, so that the time is long. Semi-automatic scratch repair, compared with manual repair, the efficiency is improved by five to eight times; but the glass sample is still replaced manually, so the efficiency is low. The scratch 3D topography, especially scratch depth, cannot be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a full-automatic method for repairing glass scratches.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the full-automatic repair method for the glass scratches is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) photographing the glass by a camera to identify scratches; the reflective light source illuminates the glass and is incident into the area-array camera; the size of the glass is X inches, and the lens multiple is smaller than Y/X by adopting a Y-inch camera; the low-power lens has long focal depth, can image glass with various thicknesses, selects exposure time and gain, and adjusts brightness and contrast to obtain a glass digital photo;
converting the picture into a black-and-white image, calculating the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertical coordinate of the white area of the scratch under each horizontal coordinate, and solving the center of the vertical coordinate of the scratch; the abscissa and ordinate pairs form a scratch center trajectory;
2) scanning along the track, and measuring the plane and the depth of the scratch;
the scratch is positioned on the upper surface or the lower surface, an arbitrary coordinate point at the position without the scratch is selected, the two-dimensional displacement table and the piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit move the objective lens, and the light intensity of the camera under different Z-axis coordinates is tested; z-axis coordinates corresponding to two maximum values of the light intensity and Z-axis curve are the focuses of the upper and lower surfaces; a piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement platform to form a three-dimensional motion platform for moving the glass with scratches; detecting central light intensity by a multi-pixel linear array camera;
the method comprises the steps that a laser scanning confocal device is adopted to test the depth of a scratch area, the laser scanning confocal device comprises a laser, a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, a vibrating mirror and a scanning objective lens, the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror is arranged on an output light path of the laser, the vibrating mirror and the scanning objective lens are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path of the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, an imaging detection module is arranged on a transmission light path, the laser emits laser, the laser is reflected into the vibrating mirror through the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, the vibrating mirror controls two-dimensional deflection of the laser, the laser passes through the scanning objective lens and is focused on a sample on a piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit on a two-dimensional displacement table, the two-dimensional displacement table realizes two-dimensional movement of an X-Y axis, and the piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit realizes up-down movement of the Z axis; the laser is reflected after being incident on the sample, and the original path returns to the scanning objective lens and the galvanometer and enters the imaging detection module after passing through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens; measuring to obtain the 3D appearance of the scratch, measuring the roughness of a scratch area and the periphery, measuring the maximum height value Rp of each point in the area, the minimum height value Rv of each point in the area, and measuring the peak-to-valley value of the scratch to be equal to Rp-Rv;
judging whether grinding is needed or not and the time required by polishing of each coordinate according to the depth, and further repairing the glass along the track;
3) grinding in a dry method; adopting a dry grinding type grinding sheet, finely grinding the glass with scratches, and observing the glass by using a camera; the diameter of the polishing sheet is larger than the width of the scratch, the polishing is carried out according to the central track of the scratch, the polishing is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch, and when the width of the scratch in the image reaches the diameter of the polishing sheet, the polishing is finished;
4) polishing by a dry method; and polishing by adopting a dry polishing sheet according to the central track of the scratch, wherein the polishing sheet is larger than the grinding sheet, and the polishing time is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch to obtain the mirror glass.
Further, in the method for full-automatically repairing the glass scratches, in step 1), the pictures are converted into black and white images by an Otsu binarization method.
Further, in the method for full-automatically repairing the glass scratches, the imaging detection module comprises an MCP imaging detector, an optical fiber plate and a multi-line linear array camera, laser is amplified by the MCP imaging detector, and the optical fiber plate transmits signals amplified by the MCP imaging detector to the multi-line linear array camera without offset.
Further, in the method for full-automatically repairing the scratches, the MCP imaging detector converts optical signals into electrical signals, electrons form images on a fluorescent screen, and the optical fiber plate transmits the images on the fluorescent screen to the line camera;
waist radius w after lens0Expressed as:
in the formula, lambda and w1Respectively representing the wavelength and the size of an incident light spot in front of a lens; rayleigh distance z0＝πw0 2/(λM2)，M2Representing a beam quality factor; radius of lumbar macula w at distance zzIs represented as follows:
wherein z is-zcA coordinate position representing the beam waist, the coordinate z-axis being along the laser propagation direction; the focal length of the scanning objective lens is f, the image distance is far larger than f by adopting the image distance of 200mm, and the object distance is approximately equal to f by utilizing a Gaussian imaging formula; magnification of the objective lens is MAThe light spot size on the line camera is M200/fAwz；
The linear array camera has a pixel size S, and x and y represent coordinates on a camera surface; only moving the z-axis, the power measured by the image space is in direct proportion to the laser power of the object space, and the total power of the image space is P0(ii) a When the object coordinate is z, the peak light intensity is IzPower P incident on the center of the spot on the cameraS(z) is represented by:
when the pixel size S is sufficiently large, the power P detected on the cameraS(z) always equals the total power P of the image space0Independent of the coordinate z; when a single camera pixel is employed, PS(z) as a function of z-axis, P when the beam waist is at the sample surfaceS(z) maximum, the height of the point is detected.
Further, the method for repairing the glass scratch in a fully automatic way is described, wherein, an MCP imaging detector amplifies the signal 104Amplifying signals 10 by two MCP imaging detectors6～107And (4) doubling.
Further, in the method for full-automatic repair of the glass scratches, in the dry grinding process, glass dust splashes under the action of centrifugal force to form salt and pepper noise, the salt and pepper noise is subjected to noise reduction and smoothing treatment, and the coarse grinding or polishing area is identified through binarization.
Further, in the method for repairing scratches of glass automatically, the dry polishing sheet is formed by adhering cerium oxide and sponge together with a double-sided adhesive.
Further, the method for repairing the glass scratches automatically is described above, wherein the laser is a 405nm laser with a peak power of 200 mW.
Further, in the method for repairing the glass scratches automatically, the scanning objective is a 50-fold objective.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, and is embodied in the following aspects:
firstly, the full-automatic glass repairing method of the invention utilizes the machine vision technology to identify the defect position, adopts the laser scanning confocal device to test the depth of the scratch area, and uses a polishing disk and a polishing disk to repair the defect fully automatically; measuring the scratch depth through a laser scanning confocal device, photographing by a camera to identify defects, and further generating a path to carry out selective repair;
secondly, the repairing track is automatically generated, the material boxes are automatically ground and polished, an operator only needs to replace the material boxes in batches, the working intensity is low, one person can master multiple devices, the working efficiency is high, and the labor cost is low;
measuring the 3D shape of the scratch by adopting a laser scanning confocal method, adjusting grinding and polishing procedures and time, and obviously improving the efficiency;
dry grinding and dry polishing are adopted, the grinding materials and the polishing powder are respectively integrated on the grinding disc and the polishing disc, the consumption materials of the grinding materials and the polishing powder used in wet repairing are not needed, and the grinding materials and the polishing powder in the grinding disc and the polishing disc cannot splash to pollute the environment; grinding and polishing belong to cold processing, the temperature in the repairing process is low, and heat damage or deformation of organic matters on the back of the repairing surface cannot be caused; grinding or polishing along the repair track, the action area is small, and the side effect on the non-repair area of the glass is very small.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1: the flow chart of the invention is schematic;
FIG. 2: the schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the laser scanning confocal device;
FIG. 3 a: the relationship between the laser power and the axial position is shown schematically under different pixel sizes (the pixel size is equal to the beam waist diameter multiplied by the magnification);
FIG. 3 b: the relationship between the laser power and the axial position is shown schematically under different pixel sizes (the pixel size is reduced to the beam waist diameter);
FIG. 4: the relationship between normalized power and axial position under different pinhole sizes is shown schematically;
FIG. 5: the relationship between the normalized power and the axial position of the lens with different focal lengths is shown schematically.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the directional terms and the sequence terms, etc. are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The method for repairing the glass scratches in a full-automatic manner is characterized in that the defect position is identified based on a machine vision technology, the depth of a scratch area is tested by utilizing a laser scanning confocal device, and then a polishing disc and a polishing disc are used for repairing the defects in a full-automatic manner; as shown in fig. 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) photographing the glass by a camera to identify scratches; illuminating the glass by using a reflective light source, and injecting the glass into an area-array camera; the glass size is 6 inches, and when a 0.5-inch camera is adopted, the lens magnification is 1/12 which is smaller than 0.5/6; the low-power lens has long focal depth, can image glass with various thicknesses, selects exposure time and gain, and adjusts brightness and contrast to obtain a glass digital photo; if the glass is glued, comparing the image of the glued glass with the non-scratch reference object, and identifying the defect;
converting the picture into a black-and-white image by an Otsu binarization method or other binarization methods, calculating the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertical coordinate of the white area of the scratch under each horizontal coordinate, and solving the center of the vertical coordinate of the scratch; the abscissa and ordinate pairs form a scratch center track, and grinding and polishing are carried out along the scratch center track;
2) scanning along the track, and measuring the plane and the depth of the scratch;
the scratch is positioned on the upper surface or the lower surface, an arbitrary coordinate point at the position without the scratch is selected, the two-dimensional displacement table and the piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit move the objective lens, and the light intensity of the camera under different Z-axis coordinates is tested; z-axis coordinates corresponding to two maximum values of the light intensity and Z-axis curve are the focuses of the upper and lower surfaces; a piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement platform to form a three-dimensional motion platform for moving the glass with scratches; the multi-pixel linear array camera with high refresh rate quickly detects the central light intensity;
the depth of a scratch area is tested by adopting a laser scanning confocal device, as shown in fig. 2, the laser scanning confocal device comprises a laser 10, an optical gate 20, a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 30, a vibrating mirror 40 and a scanning objective lens 50, the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 30 is arranged on an output light path of the laser 10, the vibrating mirror 40 and the scanning objective lens 50 are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path of the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 30, an imaging detection module 4 is arranged on a transmission light path, a 405nm laser 3 (Changchun new industry electro-optical technology, Inc., model MDL-XS-405) with peak power of 200mW emits laser, the laser is incident into the vibrating mirror 40 (Sorbon, model GVS002) through the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 30, the vibrating mirror 40 controls two-dimensional deflection of the laser, the sample is focused on a piezoelectric ceramic Z axis unit 60 of a two-dimensional displacement table 70 after passing through the scanning objective lens 50 (Olympus, 50 times objective lens), the two-dimensional displacement table 70 (Sorbon, model MLS203-1) to realize two-dimensional movement of an X axis and a Y axis, and a piezoelectric ceramic Z axis unit 60 (Sorabo, model MZS500-E) to realize up-and-down movement of the Z axis; the laser is reflected after being incident on the sample, returns to the scanning objective lens 50 and the galvanometer 40 in the original path, and enters the imaging detection module 80 after passing through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 30;
the imaging detection module 80 consists of an MCP imaging detector, an optical fiber plate and a multi-line linear camera, wherein image laser is amplified by the MCP imaging detector, and the optical fiber plate (SZPHOTON, model FOP-DSP) transmits signals amplified by the MCP imaging detector to the multi-line linear camera (Basler, model Sprint, spL2048-140km) without deviation; and measuring the surface appearance of the scratch.
the MCP imaging detector converts optical signals into electric signals, electrons form images on the fluorescent screen, and the optical fiber plate transmits the images on the fluorescent screen to the linear array camera; the image transmitted by the optical fiber optical plate has small distortion and no vignetting; compared with the lens, the overall image deflection transmitted by the optical fiber optical plate is small; the optical fiber plate is applied to an optical fingerprint module of a mobile phone and accurately transmits a fingerprint image to a CMOS or CCD camera, so that the optical fiber plate is low in cost; the MCP imaging detector, the optical fiber plate and the linear array camera form an imaging detection module 80, so that a pinhole and a PMT can be replaced, the cost is lower, and the stability is better;
waist radius w after lens0Expressed as:
in the formula, lambda and w1Respectively representing the wavelength and the size of an incident light spot in front of a lens; rayleigh distance z0＝πw0 2/(λM2)，M2Representing a beam quality factor; radius of lumbar macula w at distance zzIs represented as follows:
wherein z is-zcA coordinate position representing the beam waist, the coordinate z-axis being along the laser propagation direction; the focal length of the scanning objective lens is f, the image distance is far larger than f by adopting the image distance of 200mm, and the object distance is approximately equal to f by utilizing a Gaussian imaging formula; magnification of the objective lens is MAThe light spot size on the line camera is M200/fAwz；
The linear array camera has a pixel size S, and x and y represent coordinates on a camera surface; only moving the z-axis, the power measured by the image space is in direct proportion to the laser power of the object space, and the total power of the image space is P0(ii) a When the object coordinate is z, the peak light intensity is IzPower P incident on the center of the spot on the cameraS(z) is represented by:
when the pixel size S is sufficiently large, the power P detected on the cameraS(z) always equals the total power P of the image space0Independent of the coordinate z; when a single camera pixel is employed, PS(z) as a function of z-axis, P when the beam waist is at the sample surfaceS(z) maximum, detecting the height of the point; the longitudinal accuracy is related to the pinhole size and focal length;
the peak power equals 86.5% of the total power when the pixel size equals the beam waist diameter times the magnification, as shown in fig. 3 a; when the pixel size is reduced to the beam waist diameter, the peak power is reduced to 1.98% of the total power, as shown in fig. 3 b.
The 3D appearance of the scratch was measured and the roughness of the scratched area and the periphery was tested, the maximum height value Rp of each point in the area was 2.65 μm, the minimum height value Rv of each point in the area was-2.72 μm, and the peak-to-valley value of the scratch was equal to Rp-Rv which was 5.4 μm. Scanning is completed once by adopting 50 times of objective lens, the width dimension of a single scanning is 280 mu m multiplied by 200 mu m, and the scanning angles are respectively 4.0 degrees and 3.0 degrees.
As shown in fig. 4, the relationship between power and axial position is normalized for different pinhole sizes; the size of the pinhole is reduced, the half-height width is reduced, and the longitudinal precision is higher; but the smaller the size, the lower the intensity and is diffraction limited; improving the longitudinal accuracy can be achieved by reducing the focal length of the lens in addition to reducing the pinhole size.
As shown in fig. 5, the relationship between power and axial position is normalized for lenses with different focal lengths; fixed at 1 point, the objective lens is moved by the piezoelectric ceramic to measure the surface position. The scanning lens focal length is reduced from 20mm to 10mm, and the half-height width is reduced from 5 μm to 1 μm. And the longitudinal resolution is improved by matching with a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector and an analog-to-digital converter. When the diameter of the small hole of the 10-time objective lens is equal to 5 times of the diameter of the beam waist, when the position is changed by 220nm, the normalized power is reduced to 97.9 percent of the central power, and the difference of 2.1 percent can be tested by a photoelectric detector, so the longitudinal precision can reach 240 nm. When the diameter of the aperture of the 20-time objective lens is equal to 10 times of the diameter of the beam waist, when the position is changed by 55nm, the normalized power is reduced to 97.9 percent of the central power, so that the longitudinal precision can reach 55 nm.
Judging whether grinding is needed or not and the time required by polishing of each coordinate according to the scratch depth, and further repairing the glass along the track; not only a concave-convex layer but also a crack layer with the thickness of 10-15 mu m can be formed during grinding, so that scratches within 15 mu m are not suitable for fine grinding and direct polishing; the speed of wet polishing is usually 8-15 μm/h;
3) grinding in a dry method; a dry grinding type polishing sheet is adopted, the dry grinding type polishing sheet is formed by adhering cerium oxide and sponge together by double-sided adhesive, and glass with scratches is finely ground; water is not added in the grinding process, and the ground area is observed by a camera without being wiped; the diameter of the polishing sheet is larger than the width of the scratch, the polishing is carried out according to the center track of the scratch, the polishing is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch, when the width of the scratch in the image reaches the diameter of the polishing sheet, the polishing is finished, and glass dust generated by dry grinding is washed away by water so as to prevent the glass dust from damaging the polishing sheet used in the next process; the grinding sheet simultaneously dry-grinds other areas with scratches, so that the grinding efficiency is high; in the dry grinding process, glass dust splashes under the action of centrifugal force to form salt and pepper noise, the salt and pepper noise is subjected to noise reduction and smoothing, and a coarse grinding or polishing area is identified through binarization;
4) polishing by a dry method; and polishing by adopting a dry polishing sheet according to the central track of the scratch, wherein the polishing sheet is larger than the grinding sheet, and the polishing time is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch to obtain the mirror glass. The dry polishing sheet does not need polishing powder, so that the environmental pollution is avoided; only water is needed to be added, and the polishing effect can be observed at any time during polishing.
In summary, the full-automatic glass repairing method of the invention utilizes the machine vision technology to identify the defect position, adopts the laser scanning confocal device to test the depth of the scratch area, and uses the polishing disc and the polishing disc to repair the defect fully automatically; the laser scanning confocal device is used for measuring scratch depth, and the camera is used for photographing and identifying defects, so that a path is generated for selective repair.
The automatic track, the automatic grinding and the automatic polishing of restoreing of generating, the operator only needs to change the magazine in batches, and working strength is low, can manage many equipment alone, and work efficiency is high, and the human cost is low.
The 3D shape of the scratch is measured by adopting a laser scanning confocal method, the grinding and polishing procedures and time are adjusted, and the efficiency is obviously improved.
The dry grinding and the dry polishing are adopted, the grinding materials and the polishing powder are respectively integrated on the grinding disc and the polishing disc, the consumption materials of the grinding materials and the polishing powder used in the wet repairing are not needed, and the grinding materials and the polishing powder in the grinding disc and the polishing disc can not splash to pollute the environment; grinding and polishing belong to cold processing, the temperature in the repairing process is low, and heat damage or deformation of organic matters on the back of the repairing surface cannot be caused; grinding or polishing along the repair track, the action area is small, and the side effect on the non-repair area of the glass is very small.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (9)
1. The full-automatic glass scratch repairing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) photographing the glass by a camera to identify scratches; the reflective light source illuminates the glass and is incident into the area-array camera; the size of the glass is X inches, and the lens multiple is smaller than Y/X by adopting a Y-inch camera; the low-power lens has long focal depth, can image glass with various thicknesses, selects exposure time and gain, and adjusts brightness and contrast to obtain a glass digital photo;
converting the picture into a black-and-white image, calculating the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertical coordinate of the white area of the scratch under each horizontal coordinate, and solving the center of the vertical coordinate of the scratch; the abscissa and ordinate pairs form a scratch center trajectory;
2) scanning along the track, and measuring the plane and the depth of the scratch;
the scratch is positioned on the upper surface or the lower surface, an arbitrary coordinate point at the position without the scratch is selected, the two-dimensional displacement table and the piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit move the objective lens, and the light intensity of the camera under different Z-axis coordinates is tested; z-axis coordinates corresponding to two maximum values of the light intensity and Z-axis curve are the focuses of the upper and lower surfaces; a piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement platform to form a three-dimensional motion platform for moving the glass with scratches; detecting central light intensity by a multi-pixel linear array camera;
the method comprises the steps that a laser scanning confocal device is adopted to test the depth of a scratch area, the laser scanning confocal device comprises a laser, a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, a vibrating mirror and a scanning objective lens, the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror is arranged on an output light path of the laser, the vibrating mirror and the scanning objective lens are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path of the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, an imaging detection module is arranged on a transmission light path, the laser emits laser, the laser is reflected into the vibrating mirror through the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror, the vibrating mirror controls two-dimensional deflection of the laser, the laser passes through the scanning objective lens and is focused on a sample on a piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit on a two-dimensional displacement table, the two-dimensional displacement table realizes two-dimensional movement of an X-Y axis, and the piezoelectric ceramic Z-axis unit realizes up-down movement of the Z axis; the laser is reflected after being incident on the sample, and the original path returns to the scanning objective lens and the galvanometer and enters the imaging detection module after passing through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens; measuring to obtain the 3D appearance of the scratch, measuring the roughness of a scratch area and the periphery, the maximum height value Rp of each point in the area, the minimum height value Rv of each point in the area, and the scratch peak-valley value equal to Rp-Rv;
judging whether grinding is needed or not and the time required by polishing of each coordinate according to the depth, and further repairing the glass along the track;
3) grinding in a dry method; adopting a dry grinding type grinding sheet, finely grinding the glass with scratches, and observing the glass by using a camera; the diameter of the polishing sheet is larger than the width of the scratch, the polishing is carried out according to the central track of the scratch, the polishing is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch, and when the width of the scratch in the image reaches the diameter of the polishing sheet, the polishing is finished;
4) polishing by a dry method; and polishing by adopting a dry polishing sheet according to the central track of the scratch, wherein the polishing sheet is larger than the grinding sheet, and the polishing time is adjusted according to the depth of the scratch to obtain the mirror glass.
2. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: and step 1), converting the photo into a black-and-white image by an Otsu binarization method.
3. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the imaging detection module comprises an MCP imaging detector, an optical fiber plate and a multi-line linear array camera, laser is amplified by the MCP imaging detector, and signals amplified by the MCP imaging detector are transmitted to the multi-line linear array camera by the optical fiber plate in a non-offset mode.
4. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 3, wherein: the MCP imaging detector converts optical signals into electric signals, electrons form images on the fluorescent screen, and the optical fiber plate transmits the images on the fluorescent screen to the linear array camera;
waist radius w after lens0Expressed as:
in the formula, lambda and w1Respectively representing the wavelength and the size of an incident light spot in front of a lens; rayleigh distance z0＝πw0 2/(λM2)，M2Representing a beam quality factor; radius of lumbar macula w at distance zzIs represented as follows:
wherein z is-zcA coordinate position representing the beam waist, the coordinate z-axis being along the laser propagation direction; the focal length of the scanning objective lens is f, the image distance is far larger than f by adopting the image distance of 200mm, and the object distance is approximately equal to f by utilizing a Gaussian imaging formula; magnification of the objective lens is MAThe light spot size on the line camera is M200/fAwz；
The linear array camera has a pixel size S, and x and y represent coordinates on a camera surface; only moving the z-axis, the power measured by the image space is in direct proportion to the laser power of the object space, and the total power of the image space is P0(ii) a When the object coordinate is z, the peak light intensity is IzPower P incident on the center of the spot on the cameraS(z) is represented by:
when the pixel size S is sufficiently large, the power P detected on the cameraS(z) always equals the total power P of the image space0Independent of the coordinate z; when a single camera pixel is employed, PS(z) as a function of z-axis, P when the beam waist is at the sample surfaceS(z) maximum, the height of the point is detected.
5. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 3, wherein: signal amplification 10 using an MCP imaging detector4Amplifying signals of 106-10 times of two MCP imaging detectors7And (4) doubling.
6. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: in the dry grinding process, glass dust splashes under the action of centrifugal force to form salt and pepper noise, the salt and pepper noise is subjected to noise reduction and smoothing treatment, and a coarse grinding or polishing area is identified through binarization.
7. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the dry type polishing sheet is formed by adhering cerium oxide and sponge together by double-sided adhesive.
8. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the laser is a 405nm laser with the peak power of 200 mW.
9. The method for repairing scratches of glass substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the scanning objective is a 50-fold objective.
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