CN111202186B - Element composition for prawn pond culture and use method thereof - Google Patents

Element composition for prawn pond culture and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN111202186B
CN111202186B CN202010053353.3A CN202010053353A CN111202186B CN 111202186 B CN111202186 B CN 111202186B CN 202010053353 A CN202010053353 A CN 202010053353A CN 111202186 B CN111202186 B CN 111202186B
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parts
group
prawns
mixtures
mixture
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CN111202186A (en
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张天时
王清印
李健
何玉英
张斌
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to an element composition for pond culture of prawns, belonging to the field of aquaculture. The composition can promote the shelling of shrimps, and has regular specification and high growth speed; after rainstorm or overcast and rainy days, the composition can supplement minerals to balance the osmotic pressure of the prawns and the minerals needed after stress shelling of the prawns, and relieve shelling of the prawns caused by hypoxia stress; promoting the growth of algae and microorganisms, and stabilizing algae phase and bacteria phase.

Description

Element composition for prawn pond culture and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to an element composition for prawn pond culture and a using method thereof.
Background
The chemical fertilizer for aquatic products can be divided into 4 types of major element inorganic fertilizers such as ammonia fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and the like and various trace element inorganic fertilizers according to different chemical components, and has the main functions of providing necessary nutrient substances for aquatic phytoplankton and beneficial microorganisms, promoting the growth of the aquatic phytoplankton and the beneficial microorganisms, increasing the bait amount of filter-feeding aquatic animals, degrading organic matters and improving the quality of aquaculture water, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield. After application of inorganic fertilizers, a greater zooplankton abundance is generally obtained due to the increase in primary productivity.
At present, most of fertilizers for aquaculture consider the problem of proportioning of conventional fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the like, and mainly adopt inorganic fertilizers and fermented organic fertilizers. In addition to the aquatic organisms, plankton, aquatic plants and microorganisms in the aquaculture pond need to grow and reproduce macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and various trace elements for promoting physiological activities and growth and reproduction, and when fertilizers are used, some fertilizers cannot be mixed, otherwise chemical reactions occur in water, such as: the insolubility is generated, the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and even gas generated by reaction generates deflagration and the like. Therefore, when a plurality of elements are mixed and used, this case cannot be ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and fill the blank of simultaneous supplement of various macroelement and trace element fertilizers in prawn culture, thereby providing a solution for solving the problem of insufficient supply of macroelements and trace elements in prawn culture. The macroelement and microelement fertilizer for prawn pond culture provided by the invention can increase the contents of macroelements and microelements with important physiological and ecological functions in a pond, and comprises the following steps: the requirements of macroelements and microelements in shrimp culture can be met, the propagation speed and biomass of plankton in the pond can be promoted, the ecological environment of a water area in the pond is more stable, the growth of harmful algae is inhibited, and the culture risks of outbreak of harmful algae tide, bad water and the like are reduced; secondly, the cultured objects can directly absorb the nutrient elements from the pond water through organs such as gills, skins and the like, and the nutrient elements are supplemented to the bodies of the cultured objects, so that the functions of promoting growth and development, enhancing immunity and the like are achieved; finally, a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio is provided for the growth of the beneficial bacteria, wherein the inorganic matters and the glucose are taken as the nutritional ingredients of the beneficial bacteria to provide nutrition for the growth of the beneficial bacteria, and the zeolite powder provides an adhesive for the beneficial bacteria. In a word, the invention provides nutrition and a proper growth environment for beneficial algae and fungi, and meets the requirements of trace elements, calcium and the like required by the growth of prawns.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an element composition for prawn pond culture, wherein the mixture comprises a first group of mixture and a second group of mixture, the first group of mixture and the second group of mixture are packaged separately and are mixed together only in use, and the mass parts of the first group of mixture are as follows: KH (Perkin Elmer) 2 PO 4 95-100 parts of (by weight),KCl140-150 parts, caCl 2 150-200 parts of MgCl 2 500-600 parts of FeSO 4 0.5-1 part of ZnSO 4 0.005-0.01 part of MgSiO 3 0.1 to 0.3 portion of MnCl 2 0.05-0.1 part;
the mass part ratio NH of the second group of mixture 4 NO 3 250-300 parts of Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 60-80 parts of CaCl 2 50-80 parts of MgSO 4 450-500 parts of FeCl 3 0.2-0.5 part of ZnSO 4 0.2-0.6 part of H 3 BO 3 15-20 parts of MnCl 2 0.4-0.8 part, 20-25 parts of glucose and 80-100 parts of zeolite powder.
The invention also provides a using method of the mixture, after the mixture is respectively weighed according to the required amount, one composition is firstly splashed in the water body, and then the other composition is splashed, wherein the two compositions have no requirement on the sequence; the specific amounts and methods of use of the two compositions are as follows:
dosage of the first mixture
Figure BDA0002371979280000031
Dosage of the second group of mixtures
Figure BDA0002371979280000032
The macroelement and microelement fertilizers are used in the culture process, so that the water quality environment of phytoplankton, zooplankton and microorganisms living in the pond in the fish pond can be improved, the activity of the microorganisms is promoted, the symbiotic relation between the microorganisms and the zooplankton is kept, the nutritive values of the plankton, the microorganisms and organic detritus are improved, and the natural bait foundation is strengthened, so that the aims of meeting the requirements of various macroelements and micronutrients such as N, P, K, ca, mg, K, si, fe, zn, mn, B and the like required by the growth and development of the prawns are fulfilled. The prawn can directly absorb the nutrient elements from pond water through gills, skins and the like and supply organs of the prawn, so that the metabolism process of the prawn is promoted, the prawn can eat natural bait more vigorously, the growth and development of the prawn are promoted, the prawn grows rapidly, the prawn eats vigorously, is healthy and bright in body color, and the aims of improving the yield of the prawn, improving the quality and saving the feed are fulfilled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the compositions of the present invention are packaged separately until the product is not used, since the components are mixed together to cause a chemical reaction.
In an intensive high-density prawn culture pond, the supplement of various elements by feeds and water is not enough, the conversion among various substances in the water is fast, the change of total alkalinity, pH, total hardness and the like indicates the loss of macroelements and microelements, the complete macroelements and microelements are bound to become limiting factors, and the unreasonable element composition exists in collected water samples and mud samples in the culture pond, which seriously influences the success rate of prawn culture, so that frequent exogenous supplement is needed to promote the propagation of algae, stabilize the water quality and promote the normal growth of prawns. The technology obtains the effect of adding NH with different forms in different prawn stocking density and breeding environments under different pH and N/P control conditions 4 NO 3 、KH 2 PO 4 、Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 、MgCl 2 、MgSO 4 、MgCl 2 、CaCl 2 、MgSiO 3 、FeSO4、FeCl 3 、H 3 BO 3 And adding constant elements, trace elements and the like as the addition amount of the fertilizer. The composition provided by the invention provides various macro and trace elements, and can promote the shelling of shrimps, and has the advantages of regular specification and high growth speed; after rainstorm or overcast and rainy days, the composition can supplement minerals to balance the osmotic pressure of the prawns and the minerals needed after stress shelling of the prawns, and relieve shelling of the prawns caused by hypoxia stress; promoting the growth of algae and microorganisms, and stabilizing algae phase and bacteria phase.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Example 1
The element composition and the using method are utilized to respectively culture the penaeus vannamei boone in Hebei Zhongjie tilapia culture Limited company and the Dai high-water-yield culture farm in the Feng-south area of Tangshan City, firstly, water samples and pond sludge samples of a plurality of local culture ponds are collected to carry out twelve element detection such as N, P, K, ca, mg, K, si, zn, fe, zn, mn, B and the like, and are compared with the element composition in the natural seawater capable of satisfying the healthy growth of the south American white objects, the result shows that the elements of most culture water sources and partial sludge samples in the local area are expressed as insufficient content or unreasonable proportion, particularly trace elements, the appropriate adjustment is carried out within the mass part ratio range, and the following two composition element mass parts are determined.
The element composition for the pond culture of the prawns comprises a first group of mixture and a second group of mixture, wherein the first group of mixture comprises 1000g of mixture in parts by weight: KH (natural Kill) 2 PO 4 98.3g，KCl143.3g，CaCl 2 194g，MgCl 2 563.27g，FeSO 4 0.84g，ZnSO 4 0.01g，MgSiO 3 0.2g,MnCl 2 0.08g；
Mass fraction NH of said second group of 1000g mixtures 4 NO 3 265.4g，Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 72g，CaCl 2 68.5g，MgSO 4 450g，FeCl 3 0.4g，ZnSO 4 0.4g，H 3 BO 3 18.7g，MnCl 2 0.6g, 24g of glucose and 100g of zeolite powder.
Weighing the above mixtures according to required amount, dissolving in advance, sprinkling one composition in water, then sprinkling another composition, and uniformly spraying the compositions on the surface of the shrimp pond in the morning of 9:00-11:00 is best, and the specific use amount is shown in the following table.
Dosage of the first mixture
Figure BDA0002371979280000051
Dosage of the second group of mixtures
Figure BDA0002371979280000052
Controlling the culture density to 300-500 tail/m during the culture period 2 Fresh water is supplemented, the average water change amount is lower than 10% every day, and the breeding water quality indexes are always kept as follows: pH7.5-8.6, and the daily variation amplitude is not more than 0.5 unit; dissolved oxygen is more than 4mg/L; the transparency is 25 cm-40 cm; the content of ammonia nitrogen is below 0.01mg/L, and the content of nitrite nitrogen is below 0.1 mg/L; the content of hydrogen sulfide in bottom layer water is below 0.1 mg/L; the chemical oxygen consumption is below 5 mg/L. The average of 3.5 months for one cultivation crop, the average yield per mu is 4669kg and 7781kg respectively, the survival rate is over 80 percent, and no diseases occur in the cultivation process.

Claims (1)

1. A method for pond culture of prawns by using an element composition for pond culture of prawns, which is characterized in that the composition comprises a first group of mixtures and a second group of mixtures, the first group of mixtures and the second group of mixtures are packaged separately and are mixed together only in use, and the mass parts of the first group of mixtures are as follows: KH (Perkin Elmer) 2 PO 4 95-100 parts of KCl, 140-150 parts of CaCl ２ 150-200 parts of MgCl ２ 500-600 parts of FeSO 4 0.5-1 part of ZnSO 4 0.005-0.01 part of MgSiO 3 0.1 to 0.3 portion of MnCl 2 0.05-0.1 part;
the mass part ratio NH of the second group mixture 4 NO 3 250-300 parts of Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 60-80 parts of CaCl 2 50-80 parts of MgSO (MgSO) 4 450-500 parts of FeCl 3 0.2-0.5 part of ZnSO 4 0.2-0.6 part of H 3 BO 3 15-20 parts of MnCl 2 0.4-0.8 part, 20-25 parts of glucose and 80-100 parts of zeolite powder;
after the compositions are respectively weighed according to required amount, one mixture is sprinkled in a water body, and the other mixture is sprinkled, wherein the two mixtures have no requirement on the sequence; the specific amounts and methods of use of the two mixtures are as follows:
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Figure 5291DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102976832A (en) * 2012-12-17 2013-03-20 无锡华诺威动物保健品有限公司 Fishery microelement fertilizer and preparation method thereof
US9073798B1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2015-07-07 General Hydroponics, Inc. Plant fertilizer compositions and related methods
CN106107228A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 厦门市科环海洋生物科技有限公司 A kind of Penaeus vannamei microelement pre-mix material and preparation method and applications
WO2017222148A1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 주식회사 메디뉴트롤 Method for preparing non-precipitating one-pack type hydroponic fertilizer composition substitutable for commercial multi-pack type hydroponic fertilizer
CN108112789A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-06-05 深圳地天国际生物工程科技有限公司 A kind of micro- improver of water quality and its preparation process for aquaculture

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9073798B1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2015-07-07 General Hydroponics, Inc. Plant fertilizer compositions and related methods
CN102976832A (en) * 2012-12-17 2013-03-20 无锡华诺威动物保健品有限公司 Fishery microelement fertilizer and preparation method thereof
WO2017222148A1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 주식회사 메디뉴트롤 Method for preparing non-precipitating one-pack type hydroponic fertilizer composition substitutable for commercial multi-pack type hydroponic fertilizer
CN106107228A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 厦门市科环海洋生物科技有限公司 A kind of Penaeus vannamei microelement pre-mix material and preparation method and applications
CN108112789A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-06-05 深圳地天国际生物工程科技有限公司 A kind of micro- improver of water quality and its preparation process for aquaculture

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