CN111194707A - Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perch - Google Patents
Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perch Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch, which comprises the following steps of (1) pretreatment of a breeding environment, (2) putting into a pond for stocking, (3) feeding management before 7 days of age, feeding 3-5 days of fry with rotifer and euglena gracilis every day; feeding the larval fish with reinforced powdery bait every day at the age of 4-7 days; the reinforced powdery bait comprises pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactobacillus powder; feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii every day when the larvae are 6-7 days old; (4) feeding management is carried out after the 7-day age, and transition baits are continuously fed for 3-4 days when the larval fish is 10-day old and 20-day old respectively; (5) regulating and controlling the water quality; the invention effectively improves the active feeding capacity of the fry before 7 days old, effectively promotes the fry to better adapt to the replacement of baits, improves the nutrition balance and growth balance of individual fry, reduces the deformity rate and improves the survival rate and growth quality of the fry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perches.
Background
Periploca rubra, (Cephalopholis sonneratia), commonly known as reticulata , Periploca, Epinephelus malabaricus, Rudder, and Epimedium purpureum, a fish of the genus Periploca of the family Tylenidae, order Periploca. Red, dark brown reticulate pattern on the front of head and back, no spots and stripes. No canine teeth are arranged in the middle of the lower jaw, and the hip fins are provided with 3 fin spines and 9 fin strips. The trailing edge of the tail fin is circular and has no stripes. The hong Jiu sea bass is a high-grade edible fish in the existing market and is deeply favored by consumption.
The existing artificial breeding technology for the red sea perch is in a starting stage, and the problems of low survival rate and high deformity rate of larval and juvenile fish exist in the artificial fry process of the red sea perch. The larval fish is in an early development stage before 30 days of age, has poor adaptability to bait conversion and low food intake, and is easy to have the conditions of slow growth and deformity; especially, the fry 7 days old has weak active feeding ability and is easy to die due to early malnutrition, and the survival rate and the emergence rate of the artificial breeding of the red sea perch are greatly influenced. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of the lateolabrax hong jel fry is difficult to realize at present, and the phenomenon of fry shortage occurs in the industrial culture of the lateolabrax hongjel.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the red sea perch, which can enhance the active feeding capacity of the early ages of the fry and has high survival rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water level depth of 1.5-2.5 m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 7-10 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly splashing 16-20 kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, 0.02-0.03 mg/L of compound bacteria and nannochloropsis oculata and spirulina with the mass ratio of 1 (3-5) are added every day, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-42 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the newly hatched larval fish is 6000-10000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 25-27 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 29-32, and the pH value is 7.6-8.4;
(3) feeding management before 7 days of age
Feeding rotifers and euglena gracilis with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-5 days old fries every day, wherein the bait feeding density is 8-10 per ml;
feeding reinforced powdery bait with the grain diameter of 40-80 mu m every day for 4-7 days old fries; the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (9-11), (7-9), (2-4), (0.5-1.5) papaya powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder; the daily dosage is 1-3% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-4 times;
feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii with individual length of 120-;
(4) feeding management after 7 days of age
Feeding copepods nauplius larvae and oyster fertilized eggs to 8-15 days old larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12 pieces/ml; feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidae larvae with the 16-30-day-old larval fish every day, wherein the bait density is 12-15 per ml; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the fries of 31 days old until the fry culture is finished; the daily dosage is 8-10% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-5 times;
feeding transition baits with the particle size of 100-300 mu m for 3-4 days respectively and continuously when the fry are 10 days old and 20 days old, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-8% of the weight of the fish, and feeding for 2-3 times every day;
(5) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and natural algae are added every 2-3 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 30-35 cm, and seawater is filtered and dirt and residual baits at the bottom of the pond are removed periodically. The invention provides an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red Japanese sea perch, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out optimization treatment on a breeding environment before fry entering a pond and regulating and controlling the condition of the fry entering the pond so as to reduce the stress reaction in the process of the fry entering the pond, and providing a proper growth environment and a proper nutrition condition for the fry which is hatched, secondly, separating the early development stage of the red Japanese sea perch fry by 7 days of age, carrying out different feeding management, and selecting the optimal nutrition strengthening time before the 7 days of the fry, adopting papaya powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder to scientifically compound strengthened powdery bait to match with the traditional biological bait, so that the palatability of the bait is improved, the ingestion incidence of the fry is obviously increased, and the active ingestion capability of the fry before the 7 days of age is effectively enhanced; meanwhile, the invention also provides a feeding transition stage for the larval fish at the early stage of 30 days by using the transition bait prepared by scientifically compounding the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C, so that the larval fish is favorable for better adapting to the replacement of the bait, the feeding capability of the larval fish at the stage of replacing the bait is maintained, the balanced growth of the larval fish is promoted, the deformity rate is reduced, and the survival rate and the growth quality of the larval fish are improved.
Further, in the step (2), the newly hatched fries are hatched at the density of 8500 tails/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 26 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 31, and the pH value is 7.8.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10:8:3:1 of pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder. The strengthened powdery bait is prepared by compounding the papaya powder, the green tangerine powder, the yeast powder and the active lactobacillus 6 powder according to a certain proportion, so that the palatability of the bait for 7-day-old fries is improved, the feeding of the fries is promoted, the active feeding incidence rate of the fries is increased, and the growth speed of the fries is increased.
Further explaining, in the step (3), 3-5 days old fish fries are fed with rotifers and euglena gracilis in a number ratio of (20-30) to 1; the larval fish is 6-7 days old, and the number ratio of the fed rotifers to artemia nauplii is (8-10): 1.
Further explaining, in the step (4), when the larval fish is 10 days old, the larval fish is continuously fed with transition bait with the grain diameter of 100-120 mu m for 3 days; continuously feeding transition baits with the grain diameter of 200-300 mu m for 4 days when the larval fish is 20 days old; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C. By adopting the transition bait to assist feeding in due time according to the growth and development characteristics of the fry, the fry is better adapted to the bait replacement in different stages, the ingestion capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage is kept, and the nutrition balance and growth balance of the individual fry are maintained.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the nannochloropsis to the spirulina is 1: 4.
further, in the step (5), the natural algae is mixed algae which is obtained by performing rich water enrichment culture on chlorella, chlorella and spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1.
Further explaining, in the step (5), the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria is (3-8): (1-2).
Further, in step (5), the periodic replacement of the filtered seawater: culturing seedlings for 8-10 days, and replacing 2-4% of filtered seawater every day; after two weeks of seedling culture, 6-10% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after three weeks of seedling culture, 12-20% of filtered seawater is replaced every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the stress reaction of the process of putting the primarily hatched fries into the pond is reduced by carrying out optimization treatment on the culture environment before the fries are put into the pond and regulating and controlling the condition of putting the primarily hatched fries into the pond, and a suitable growth environment and a suitable nutritional condition are provided for the primarily hatched fries, in addition, different feeding management is carried out by separating the early development stage of the red sea perch fries by 7 days, and before the 7 days of the fries, through selecting the optimal nutrition strengthening time, strengthened powdery baits which are scientifically compounded by adopting papaya powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder are matched with the traditional biological baits, the palatability of the baits is improved, the ingestion incidence rate of the fries is obviously increased, and the active ingestion capability of the fries before the 7 days is greatly enhanced; meanwhile, the invention also provides a feeding transition stage for the larval fish at the early stage of 30 days by using the transition bait prepared by scientifically compounding the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C, so that the larval fish is favorable for better adapting to the replacement of the bait, the feeding capability of the larval fish at the stage of replacing the bait is maintained, the balanced growth of the larval fish is promoted, the deformity rate is reduced, and the survival rate and the growth quality of the larval fish are improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-a high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perch, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with water level depth of 1.5m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously drying the pond for 7d, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly splashing 16kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, 0.02mg/L of compound bacteria, and nannochloropsis oculata and spirulina with the mass ratio of 1:3 are added every day, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-42 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the newly hatched larval fish is 6000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 25 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 29, and the pH value is 7.6;
(3) feeding management before 7 days of age
Feeding rotifers and euglena gracilis with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-5 days old fries every day, wherein the bait feeding density is 8 per ml;
feeding reinforced powdery bait with the grain diameter of 40 mu m every day for 4-7 days old fries; the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9:7:2:0.5 of pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder; the daily dosage is 1% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3 times;
feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii with individual length of 120-;
(4) feeding management after 7 days of age
Feeding the copepod nauplii and oyster fertilized eggs to 8-15 days old larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 10/ml; feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidae larvae with 16-30 days old larval fish every day, wherein the bait density is 12 per ml; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the fries of 31 days old until the fry culture is finished; the daily dosage is 8% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3 times;
respectively and continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 100 mu m for 3 days when the fry are 10 days old and 20 days old, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C
(5) Water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding the mixture with the mass ratio of 3:1, regulating water quality by using photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and natural algae to ensure that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 30-35 cm, wherein the natural algae is mixed algae which is subjected to water enrichment and intensive cultivation by adopting chlorella, nannochloropsis and spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Wherein, the bio-organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances include photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
The regular replacement of seawater is: culturing seedlings for 8-10 days, and replacing 2-4% of filtered seawater every day; after two weeks of seedling culture, 6-10% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after three weeks of seedling culture, 12-20% of filtered seawater is changed every day, and the same is carried out below.
Embodiment 2-a high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perch, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water level depth of 2.5m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 10d, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly splashing 20kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, 0.03mg/L of compound bacteria, and nannochloropsis oculata and spirulina with the mass ratio of 1:5 are added every day, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-42 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the newly hatched larva is cultured at the density of 10000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 27 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 32, and the pH value is 8.4;
(3) feeding management before 7 days of age
Feeding rotifers and euglena gracilis with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-5 days old fries every day, wherein the bait feeding density is 10 pieces/ml;
feeding reinforced powdery bait with the grain diameter of 80 mu m every day for 4-7 days old fries; the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11:9:4:1.5 of pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder; the daily dosage is 3% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii with individual length of 120-;
(4) feeding management after 7 days of age
Feeding the copepod nauplii and oyster fertilized eggs to 8-15 days old larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 12 pieces/ml; feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidae larvae with 16-30 days old larval fish every day, wherein the bait density is 15 per ml; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the fries of 31 days old until the fry culture is finished; the daily dosage is 10% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 5 times;
respectively and continuously feeding 4 days of transitional baits with the grain diameter of 120 mu m when the fry are 10 days old and 20 days old, wherein the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the fish, and the baits are fed for 3 times a day; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C;
(5) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding the mixture with the mass ratio of 8: 2, regulating the water quality by using photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and natural algae to ensure that the transparency of the water body is kept to be 30-35 cm, wherein the natural algae is mixed algae which is subjected to water enrichment and intensive cultivation by adopting chlorella, nannochloropsis and spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Embodiment 3-a high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for red sea perch, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with water level depth of 1.8m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 9d, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly sprinkling 18kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, 0.025mg/L of compound bacteria, and nannochloropsis and spirulina with the mass ratio of 1:4 are added every day, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-42 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the newly hatched larval fish is hatched at the density of 8500 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 26 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 32, and the pH value is 7.8;
(3) feeding management before 7 days of age
Feeding rotifers and euglena gracilis with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-5 days old fries every day, wherein the bait feeding density is 9 pieces/ml; the number ratio of the fed rotifers to the euglena gracilis is (20-30): 1;
feeding reinforced powdery bait with the grain diameter of 60 mu m every day for 4-7 days old fries; the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10:8:3:1 of pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder; the daily dosage is 2% of the fish weight, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii with individual length of 120-; the number ratio of the rotifers to the artemia nauplii is (8-10) to 1;
(4) feeding management after 7 days of age
Feeding the copepod nauplii and oyster fertilized eggs every day when the larvae are 8-15 days old, wherein the bait density is 11/ml; feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidae larvae with 16-30 days old larval fish every day, wherein the bait density is 13 per ml; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the fries of 31 days old until the fry culture is finished; the daily dosage is 9% of the fish weight, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 100 mu m for 3 days when the larval fish are 10 days old; continuously feeding transition baits with the grain diameter of 200 mu m for 4 days when the larval fish is 20 days old; the daily dosage is 5% of the fish weight, and the fish is fed for 3 times a day; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C;
(5) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding the mixture with the mass ratio of 5: 1, regulating water quality by photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and natural algae to ensure that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 30-35 cm, wherein the natural algae is mixed algae which is subjected to water-fertilizing reinforced cultivation by adopting chlorella, nannochloropsis and spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Comparative example 1-outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea bass according to example 3, with the difference that: in the step (3), the larval fish of 4-7 days old is not fed with the reinforced powdery bait.
Comparative example 2-outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch according to example 3, the difference is that: and (3) feeding the 4-7-day-old fries with reinforced powdery bait which does not contain papaya powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder.
Comparative example 3-outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (4), feeding the larval fish by using transition baits which do not contain hawthorn powder and yeast when the larval fish is 15 days old and 25 days old.
Comparative example 4-outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch according to example 3, the difference is that: and (4) performing transitional bait feeding when 8-day-old and 16-day-old larval fish are in age.
According to the outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the red sea perch of the above examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, 30 individuals were sampled respectively, the survival rate of the fry was counted, and the ingestion incidence rate of the fry before 7 days old, the average body length and the aberration rate of the 30-day old fry (the ingestion incidence rate (%) is the ratio of the individuals containing the bait in the alimentary canal to the total sampled individuals) were counted, and the results are as shown in the following table 1:
as can be seen from the above table, by the outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the red sea perch of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention, the feeding incidence of the fry is obviously increased before 7 days of age, the survival rate and the average body length of the fry are obviously improved, and the deformity rate is reduced, which shows that the invention effectively promotes the feeding of the fry and enhances the active feeding capability of the fry before 7 days of age by matching the reinforced powdery bait which is scientifically compounded by the pawpaw powder, the green tangerine powder, the yeast powder and the active lactobacillus powder with the traditional biological bait before 7 days of age, and the transitional bait prepared by scientifically compounding the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C is utilized to provide a transitional stage for feeding the fry in the early 30-day-old stage, so that the feeding capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage can be effectively maintained, the balanced growth of the fry is promoted, the deformity rate is reduced, and the survival rate and the growth quality of the fry are effectively improved. In addition, as further shown in comparative example 4, the feeding time of the transitional bait should not be too early or too late, which easily results in accumulated and wasted bait, and too late which easily fails to make the larval fish fully adapt to the change of bait feeding, which affects the food intake and results in the reduction of the growth quality of the larval fish and the increase of the deformity rate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of red sea perch is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of cultivation environment
Selecting an outdoor pond with the water level depth of 1.5-2.5 m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 7-10 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly splashing 16-20 kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Before the newly hatched fries are put into the pond for one week, 0.02-0.03 mg/L of compound bacteria and nannochloropsis oculata and spirulina with the mass ratio of 1 (3-5) are added every day, and the transparency of a water body is kept to be 35-42 cm;
(2) stocking in a pond
The density of the newly hatched larval fish is 6000-10000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 25-27 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 29-32, and the pH value is 7.6-8.4;
(3) feeding management before 7 days of age
Feeding rotifers and euglena gracilis with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-5 days old fries every day, wherein the bait feeding density is 8-10 per ml;
feeding reinforced powdery bait with the grain diameter of 40-80 mu m every day for 4-7 days old fries; the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (9-11), (7-9), (2-4), (0.5-1.5) papaya powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder; the daily dosage is 1-3% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-4 times;
feeding rotifer and artemia nauplii with individual length of 120-;
(4) feeding management after 7 days of age
Feeding copepods nauplius larvae and oyster fertilized eggs to 8-15 days old larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12 pieces/ml; feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidae larvae with the 16-30-day-old larval fish every day, wherein the bait density is 12-15 per ml; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the fries of 31 days old until the fry culture is finished; the daily dosage is 8-10% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-5 times;
feeding transition baits with the particle size of 100-300 mu m for 3-4 days respectively and continuously when the fry are 10 days old and 20 days old, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-8% of the weight of the fish, and feeding for 2-3 times every day;
(5) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and natural algae are added every 2-3 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 30-35 cm, and seawater is filtered and dirt and residual baits at the bottom of the pond are removed periodically.
2. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the newly hatched larval fish is hatched at the density of 8500 tails/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 26 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 31, and the pH value is 7.8.
3. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the reinforced powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10:8:3:1 of pawpaw powder, green tangerine powder, yeast powder and active lactic acid bacteria powder.
4. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the 3-5-day-old fish fries are fed with rotifers and euglena gracilis in a number ratio of (20-30) to 1; the larval fish is 6-7 days old, and the number ratio of the fed rotifers to artemia nauplii is (8-10): 1.
5. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), when the larval fish is 10 days old, continuously feeding transition baits with the grain diameter of 100-120 mu m for 3 days; continuously feeding transition baits with the grain diameter of 200-300 mu m for 4 days when the larval fish is 20 days old; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C.
6. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the nannochloropsis to the spirulina is 1: 4.
7. the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the natural algae is mixed algae which is cultivated by using chlorella, chlorella and spirulina in a weight ratio of 3:1:1 through water enrichment.
8. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the polyporus rubripes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria is (3-8): (1-2).
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